Tribes and
章节目录
共 607 题- The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India
- By
- Published Under the Orders of the Central Provinces Administration
- CONTENTS OF VOLUME IV
- ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME IV
- PRONUNCIATION
- PART II
- ARTICLES ON CASTES AND TRIBES
- KUMHAR--YEMKALA
- VOL. IV
- Kumhar
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Traditions of origin
- 2. Caste sub-divisions
- 3. Social Customs
- 4. The Kumhar as a village menial
- 5. Occupation
- 6. Breeding pigs for sacrifices
- 7. The goddess Demeter
- 8. Estimation of the pig in India
- 9. The buffalo as a corn-god
- 10. The Dasahra festival
- 11. The goddess Devi
- Kunbi
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Distribution of the caste and origin of name
- 2. Settlement in the Central Provinces
- 3. Subcastes
- 4. The cultivating status
- 5. Exogamus septs
- 6. Restrictions on marriage of relatives
- 7. Betrothal and marriage
- 8. Polygamy and divorce
- 9. Widow-marriage
- 10. Customs at birth
- 11. Sixth and twelfth day ceremonies
- 12. Devices for procuring children
- 13. Love charms
- 14. Disposal of the dead
- 15. Mourning
- 16. Religion
- 17. The Pola festival
- 18. Muhammadan tendencies of Berar Kunbis
- 19. Villages and houses
- 20. Furniture
- 21. Food
- 22. Clothes and ornaments
- 23. The Kunbi as cultivator
- 24. Social and moral characteristics
- Kunjra
- Kuramwar
- Kurmi
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Numbers and derivation of name
- 2. Functional character of the caste
- 3. Subcastes
- 4. Exogamous groups
- 5. Marriage rules. Betrothal
- 6. The marriage-shed or pavilion
- 7. The marriage-cakes
- 8. Customs at the wedding
- 9. Walking round the sacred post
- 10. Other ceremonies
- 11. Polygamy widow-marriage and divorce
- 12. Impurity of women
- 13. Pregnancy rites
- 14. Earth-eating
- 15. Customs at birth
- 16. Treatment of mother and child
- 17. Ceremonies after birth
- 18. Suckling children
- 19. Beliefs about twins
- 20. Disposal of the dead
- 21. Funeral rites
- 22. Burning the dead
- 23. Burial
- 24. Return of the soul
- 25. Mourning
- 26. Shaving, and presents to Brahmans
- 27. End of mourning
- 28. Anniversaries of the dead
- 29. Beliefs in the hereafter
- 30. Religion. Village gods
- 31. Sowing the _Jawaras_ or Gardens of Adonis
- 32. Rites connected with the crops. Customs of cultivation
- 33. Agricultural superstitions
- 34. Houses
- 35. Superstitions about houses
- 36. Furniture
- 37. Clothes
- 38. Women's clothes
- 39. Bathing
- 40. Food
- 41. Caste-feasts
- 42. Hospitality
- 43. Social customs. Tattooing
- 44. Caste penalties
- 45. The cultivating status
- 46. Occupation
- Appendix
- List of Exogamous Clans
- Lakhera
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. General notice
- 2. Social customs
- 3. The lac industry
- 4. Lac bangles
- 5. Red, a lucky colour
- 6. Vermilion and spangles
- 7. Red dye on the feet
- 8. Red threads
- 9. Lac toys
- Lodhi
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Origin and traditions
- 2. Position in the central Provinces
- 3. Sub-divisions
- 4. Exogamous groups
- 5. Marriage customs
- 6. The gauna ceremoney. Fertility rites
- 7. Widow-marriage and puberty rite
- 8. Mourning impurity
- 9. Social customs
- 10. Greetings and method of address
- 11. Sacred thread and social status
- Lohar
- 1. Legends of the caste
- 2. Social position of the Lohar
- 3. Caste subdivisions
- 4. Marriage and other customs
- 5. Occupation
- Lorha
- Mahar
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. General Notice.
- 2. Length of residence in the Central Provinces
- 3. Legend of origin
- 4. Sub-castes
- 5. Exogamous groups and marriage customs
- 6. Funeral rites
- 7. Childbirth
- 8. Names
- 9. Religion
- 10. Adoption of foreign religions
- 11. Superstitions
- 12. Social rules
- 13. Social subjection
- 14. Their position improving
- 15. Occupation
- Mahli
- 1. Origin of the caste
- 2. Social customs
- Majhwar
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Origin of the tribe
- 2. The Mirzapur Majhwars derived from the Gonds
- 3. Connection with the Kawars
- 4. Exogamy and totemism
- 5. Marriage customs.
- 6. Birth and funeral rites
- 7. Religious dance
- Mal
- Mala
- Mali
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. General notice of the caste, and its social position
- 2. Caste legend
- 3. Flowers offered to the gods
- 4. Custom of wearing garlands
- 5. Sub-castes
- 6. Marriage
- 7. Widow-marriage, divorce and polygamy
- 8. Disposal of the dead
- 9. Religion
- 10. Occupation
- 11. Traits and character
- 12. Other functions of the Mali
- 13. Physical appearance
- Mallah
- Mana
- Manbhao
- 1. History and nature of the sect
- 2. Divisions of the order
- 3. Religious observances and customs
- 4. Hostility between Manbhaos and Brahmans
- Mang
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Origin and traditions
- 2. Subdivisions
- 3. Marriage
- 4. Widow marriage
- 5. Burial
- 6. Occupation
- 7. Religion and social status
- Mang-Garori
- Manihar
- Mannewar
- Maratha
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Numerical statistics
- 2. Double meaning of the term Maratha
- 3. Origin and position of the caste
- 4. Exogamous clans
- 5. Other subdivisions
- 6. Social customs
- 7. Religion
- 8. Present position of the caste
- 9. Nature of the Maratha insurrection
- 10. Maratha women in past times
- 11. The Maratha horseman
- 12. Cavalry in the field
- 13. Military administration
- 14. Sitting Dharna
- 15. The infantry
- 16. Character of the Maratha armies
- Mehtar
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Introductory notice
- 2. Caste subdivisions
- 3. Social organisation
- 4. Caste punishments
- 5. Admission of outsiders
- 6. Marriage customs
- 7. Disposal of the dead
- 8. Devices for procuring children
- 9. Divination of sex
- 10. Childbirth
- 11. Treatment of the mother
- 12. Protecting the lives of children
- 13. Infantile diseases
- 14. Religion. Valmiki
- 15. Lalbeg
- 16. Adoption of foreign religions
- 17. Social status
- 18. Occupation
- 19. Occupation (continued)
- Meo
- Mina
- 1. The Minas locally termed Deswa
- 2. Historical notice of the Mina tribe
- 3. Their robberies
- 4. The Deswalis of the Central Provinces
- Mirasi
- Mochi [276]
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. General notice
- 2. Legends of origin
- 3. Art among the Hindus
- 4. Antagonism of Mochis and Chamars
- 5. Exogamous groups
- 6. Social customs
- 7. Shoes
- Mowar
- Murha
- 1. Origin of the caste
- 2. Marriage customs
- 3. Funeral rites
- 4. Occupation
- 5. Women's song
- Nagasia
- Nahal
- 1. The tribe and its subdivisions
- 2. Marriage
- 3. Religion
- 4. Occupation
- 5. Social status
- Nai
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Structure of the caste
- 2. Marriage and other customs
- 3. Occupation
- 4. Other services
- 5. Duties at weddings
- 6. The barber-surgeon
- 7. A barber at the court of Oudh
- 8. Character and position of the barber
- 9. Beliefs about hair
- 10. Hair of kings and priests
- 11. The beard
- 12. Significance of removal of the hair and shaving the head
- 13. Shaving the head by mourners
- 14. Hair offerings
- 15. Keeping hair unshorn during a vow
- 16. Disposal of cut hair and nails
- 17. Superstitions about shaving the hair
- 18. Reasons why the hair was considered the source of strength
- Naoda
- Nat
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. The Nats not a proper caste
- 2. Muhammadan Nats
- 3. Social customs of the Nats. Their low status
- 4. Acrobatic performances
- 5. Sliding or walking on ropes as a charm for the crops
- 6. Snake-charmers
- Nunia
- Ojha
- Oraon
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. General notice
- 2. Settlement in Chota Nagpur
- 3. Subdivisions
- 4. Pre-nuptial licence
- 5. Betrothal
- 6. Marriage ceremony
- 7. Special Customs
- 8. Widow-remarriage and divorce
- 9. Customs at birth
- 10. Naming a child
- 11. Branding and tattooing
- 12. Dormitory discipline
- 13. Disposal of the dead
- 14. Worship of ancestors
- 15. Religion. The supreme deity
- 16. Minor godlings
- 17. Human sacrifice
- 18. Christianity
- 19. Festivals. The Karma or May-day
- 20. The _sal_ flower festival
- 21. The harvest festival
- 22. Fast for the crops
- 23. Physical appearance and costume of the Oraons
- 24. Dress of women
- 25. Dances
- 26. Social customs
- 27. Social rules
- 28. Character
- 29. Language
- Paik
- Panka
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Origin of the caste
- 2. Caste subdivisions
- 3. Endogamous divisions
- 4. Marriage
- 5. Religion
- 6. Other customs
- 7. Occupation
- Panwar Rajput
- List of Paragraphs
- 2. The legend of Parasurama
- 3. The Panwar dynasty of Dhar and Ujjain
- 4. Diffusion of the Panwars over India
- 5. The Nagpur Panwars
- 6. Subdivisions
- 7. Marriage customs
- 8. Widow-marriage
- 9. Religion
- 10. Worship of the spirits of those dying a violent death
- 11. Funeral rites
- 12. Caste discipline
- 13. Social customs
- Pardhan
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. General notice
- 2. Tribal Subdivisions
- 3. Marriage
- 4. Religion
- 5. Social Customs
- 6. Methods of cheating among Patharis
- 7. Musicians and priests
- Pardhi
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. General notice of the caste
- 2. Subdivisions
- 3. Marriage and funeral customs
- 4. Religion
- 5. Dress, food and social customs
- 6. Ordeals
- 7. Methods of catching birds
- 8. Hunting with leopards
- 9. Decoy stags
- 10. Hawks
- 11. Crocodile fishing
- 12. Other occupations and criminal practices
- Parja
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. General notice of the tribe
- 2. Exogamous septs
- 3. Kinship and marriage
- 4. Marriage dance
- 5. Nuptial ceremony
- 6. Widow-marriage and divorce
- 7. Religion and festivals
- 8. Disposal of the dead
- 9. Occupation and social customs
- Pasi
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. The nature and origin of the caste
- 2. Brahmanical legends
- 3. Its mixed composition
- 4. Marriage and other customs
- 5. Religion, superstitions and social customs
- 6. Occupation
- 7. Criminal tendencies
- Patwa
- Pindari
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Origin of the name
- 2. Rise of the Pindaris
- 3. Their strength and sphere of operations
- 4. Pindari expeditions and methods
- 5. Return from an expedition
- 6. Suppression of the Pindaris. Death of Chitu
- 7. Character of the Pindaris
- 8. The existing Pindaris
- 9. Attractions of a Pindari's life
- Prabhu
- 1. Historical notice
- 2. General Customs
- Raghuvansi
- 1. Historical notice
- 2. Social customs
- Rajjhar
- 1. General notice
- 2. Origin and subdivisions
- 3. Marriage
- 4. Social Customs
- Rajput
- List of Paragraphs
- List of Subordinate Articles
- 1. Introductory notice
- 2. The thirty-six royal races
- 3. The origin of the Rajputs
- 4. Subdivisions of the clans
- 5. Marriage customs
- 6. Funeral rites
- 7. Religion
- 8. Food
- 9. Opium
- 10. Improved training of Rajput chiefs
- 11. Dress
- 12. Social customs
- 13. Seclusion of women
- 14. Traditional character of the Rajputs
- 15. Occupation
- Rajput, Baghel
- Rajput, Bagri
- Rajput, Bais
- Rajput, Baksaria
- Rajput, Banaphar
- Rajput, Bhadauria
- Rajput, Bisen
- Rajput, Bundela
- Rajput, Chandel
- Rajput, Chauhan
- Rajput, Dhakar
- Rajput, Gaharwar
- Rajput, Gaur
- Rajput, Haihaya
- Rajput, Huna
- Rajput, Kachhwaha
- Rajput, Nagvansi
- Rajput, Nikumbh
- Rajput, Paik
- Rajput, Parihar
- Rajput, Rathor
- Rajput, Sesodia
- Rajput, Solankhi
- Rajput, Somvansi
- Rajput, Surajvansi
- Rajput, Tomara
- Rajput; Yadu
- Rajwar
- Ramosi
- 1. General notice
- 2. Methods of robbery
- 3. Ramosis employed as village watchmen
- 4. Social customs
- Rangrez
- Rautia
- 1. Origin of the tribe
- 2. Subdivisions
- 3. Marriage
- 4. Funeral rites
- 5. Inheritance
- Sanaurhia
- 1. A band of criminals
- 2. Traditions of origin
- 3. Methods of stealing
- Sansia
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Historical notice of the caste
- 2. Social customs
- 3. Taboos of relationship
- 4. Organisation for dacoity
- 5. Description of a dacoity
- 6. Omens
- 7. Ordeals
- 8. Sansias at the present time
- Sansia, Uria
- 1. The caste and its subdivisions
- 2. Marriage customs
- 3. Religion and worship of ancestors
- 4. Occupation
- Savar
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Distribution and historical notices
- 2. Tribal legends
- 3. Tribal subdivisions
- 4. Marriage
- 5. Death ceremonies
- 6. Religion
- 7. Occupation
- Sonjhara
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Origin and constitution of the caste
- 2. Totemism
- 3. Marriage
- 4. Customs at birth
- 5. Funeral rites
- 6. Religion
- 7. Social customs
- 8. Occupation
- Sudh
- Sunar
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. General notice of the caste
- 2. Internal structure
- 3. Marriage and other customs
- 4. Religion
- 5. Social position
- 6. Manufacture of ornaments
- 7. The sanctity of gold
- 8. Ornaments. The marriage ornaments
- 9. Beads and other ornaments
- 10. Ear-piercing
- 11. Origin of ear-piercing
- 12. Ornaments worn as amulets
- 13. Audhia Sunars
- 14. The Sunar as money-changer
- 15. Malpractices of lower-class Sumars
- Tamera
- 1. The Tamera and Kasar
- 2. Social traditions and customs
- 3. Disposal of the dead
- 4. Religion
- Taonla
- Teli
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Strength and distribution of the caste
- 2. Origin and traditions
- 3. Endogamous subcastes
- 4. Exogamous divisions
- 5. Marriage customs
- 6. Widow-remarriage
- 7. Religion: Caste deities
- 8. Driving out evil
- 9. Customs at birth and death
- 10. Social status
- 11. Social customs and caste penalties
- 12. The Rathor Telis
- 13. Gujarati Telis of Nimar
- 14. The Teli an unlucky caste
- 15. Occupation. Oil-pressing
- 16. Trade and agriculture
- 17. Teli beneficence
- Thug
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Historical notice
- 2. Thuggees depicted in the caves of Ellora
- 3. Origin of the Thugs
- 4. Methods of assassination
- 5. Account of certain murders
- 6. Special incidents (continued)
- 7. Disguises of the Thugs
- 8. Secrecy of their operations
- 9. Support of landholders and villagers
- 10. Murder of sepoys
- 11. Callous nature of the Thugs
- 12. Belief in divine support
- 13. Theory of Thuggee as a religious sect
- 14. Worship of Kali
- 15. The sacred pickaxe
- 16. The sacred _gur_ (sugar)
- 17. Worship of ancestors
- 18. Fasting
- 19. Initiation of a novice
- 20. Prohibition of murder of women
- 21. Other classes of persons not killed
- 22. Belief in omens
- 23. Omens and taboos
- 24. Nature of the belief in omens
- 25. Suppression of Thuggee
- Turi
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Origin of the caste
- 2. Subdivisions
- 3. Marriage
- 4. Funeral rites
- 5. Occupation
- 6. Social status
- Velama
- 1. Origin and social status
- 2. Marriage and social customs
- Vidur
- List of Paragraphs
- 1. Origin and traditions
- 2. The Purads, Golaks and Borals
- 3. Illegitimacy among Hindustani castes
- 4. Legend of origin
- 5. Marriage
- 6. Social rules and occupation
- Waghya
- Yerukala
- NOTES
- THE END