43. Social customs. Tattooing

The Kurmis employ Brahmans for their ceremonies. They have _gurus_

or spiritual preceptors who may be Brahmans or Bairagis; the _guru_

is given from 8 annas to Rs. 5 when he initiates a neophyte, as

well as his food and a new white cloth. The _guru_ is occasionally

consulted on some religious question, but otherwise he does nothing

for his disciple except to pay him an occasional visit, when he is

hospitably entertained. The Kurmis of the northern Districts do not

as a rule eat meat and also abstain from alcohol, but in Chhattisgarh

they eat the flesh of clean animals and fish, and also of fowls,

and drink country liquor. Old men often give up flesh and wine as a

mark of piety, when they are known as Bhagat or holy. They will take

food cooked with water only from Brahmans, and that cooked without

water from Rajputs, Banias and Kayasths as well. Brahmans and Rajputs

will take water from Kurmis in the northern Districts though not in

Chhattisgarh. Here the Kurmis do not object to eating cooked food

which has been carried from the house to the fields. This is called

_rengai roti_, and castes which will eat it are considered inferior

to those who always take their food in the _chauka_ or purified

place in the house. They say 'Ram, Ram' to each other in greeting,

and the Raipur Kurmis swear by a dog or a pig. Generally they do not

plough on the new or full moon days. Their women are tattooed after

marriage with dots on the cheeks, marks of flies on the fingers,

scorpions on the arms, and other devices on the legs.

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 4 · 第 96 / 607 题