Tribes and

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 2

Name: The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 2
Author: Russell, R. V. (Robert Vane), 1873-1915

作者：Russell, R. V. (Robert Vane), 1873-1915
体例：题　章数：579
字数：979,456　来源：Project Gutenberg

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The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India
By
Published Under the Orders of the Central Provinces Administration
CONTENTS OF VOLUME II
ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME II
PRONUNCIATION
PART II
ARTICLES ON CASTES AND TRIBES
AGARIA--FAKIR
Agaria
1. Origin and subdivisions.
2. Marriage.
3. Birth and death ceremonies.
4. Religion and social customs.
5. Occupation.
Agharia
1. Origin.
2. Subdivisions.
3. Marriage customs.
4. Religious and social customs.
5. Occupation.
Aghori
1. General accounts of the caste.
2. Instances of cannibalism.
Ahir
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice.
2. Former dominance of the Abhiras.
3. Ahir dialects.
4. The Yadavas and Krishna.
5. The modern Ahirs an occupational caste.
6. Subcastes.
7. The Dauwa or wet-nurse Ahirs. Fosterage.
8. Exogamy.
9. Marriage customs.
10. Birth customs.
11. Funeral rites. Bringing back the soul.
12. Religion. Krishna and other deified cowherds.
13. Caste deities.
14. Other deities.
15. The Diwali festival.
16. Omens.
17. Social customs.
18. Ornaments.
19. Occupation.
20. Preparations of milk.
Andh
Arakh
Atari
1. General notice.
2. Marriage customs.
3. Religion.
4. Social customs.
Audhelia
1. Origin.
2. Marriage.
3. Religion, birth and death.
Badhak
List of Paragraphs
1. Introductory notice.
2. The Badhak dacoits.
3. Instances of dacoities.
4. Further instances of dacoities.
5. Disguise of religious mendicants.
6. Countenance and support of landowners.
7. Pride in their profession.
8. Caste rules and admission of outsiders.
9. Religion: offerings to ancestors.
10. The wounded haunted by spirits.
11. Pious funeral observances.
12. Taking the omens.
13. Suppression of dacoity.
14. The Badhaks or Baoris at the present time.
15. Lizard-hunting.
16. Social observances.
17. Criminal practices.
Bahna
1. Nomenclature and internal structure.
2. Marriage.
3. Religious and other customs.
4. Occupation.
5. Proverbs about Bahnas.
Baiga
List of Paragraphs
1. The tribe and its offshoots.
2. Tribal legends.
3. Tribal subdivisions.
4. Marriage.
5. Birth and funeral rites.
6. Religion.
7. Appearance and mode of life.
8. Dress and food.
9. Occupation.
10. Language.
Bairagi
List of Paragraphs
1. Definition of name and statistics.
2. The four Sampradayas or main orders.
3. The Ramanujis.
4. The Ramanandis
5. The Nimanandis.
6. The Madhavacharyas.
7. The Vallabhacharyas.
8. Minor sects.
9. The seven Akharas.
10. The Dwaras.
11. Initiation, appearance and customs.
12. Recruitment of the order and its character.
13. Social position and customs.
14. Bairagi monasteries.
15. Married Bairagis.
Balahi
1. General notice.
2. Marriage.
3. Other customs.
Balija
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Marriage.
3. Occupation and social status.
Bania
List of Paragraphs
List of Subordinate Articles on Subcastes
1. General notice.
2. The Banias a true caste: use of the name.
3. Their distinctive occupation.
4. Their distinctive status.
5. The endogamous divisions of the Banias.
6. The Banias derived from the Rajputs.
7. Banias employed as ministers in Rajput courts.
8. Subcastes.
9. Hindu and Jain subcastes: divisions among subcastes.
10. Exogamy and rules regulating marriage.
11. Marriage customs.
12. Polygamy and widow-marriage.
13. Disposal of the dead and mourning.
14. Religion: the god Ganpati or Ganesh.
15. Diwali festival.
16. Holi festival.
17. Social customs: rules about food.
18. Character of the Bania.
19. Dislike of the cultivators towards him.
20. His virtues.
21. The moneylender changed for the worse.
22. The enforcement of contracts.
23. Cash coinage and the rate of interest.
24. Proprietary and transferable rights in land.
25. The Bania as a landlord.
26. Commercial honesty.
Bania, Agarwala
Bania, Agrahari
Bania, Ajudhiabasi
Bania, Asathi
Bania, Charnagri
Bania, Dhusar
Bania, Dosar
Bania, Gahoi
Bania, Golapurab
Bania, Kasarwani
Bania, Kasaundhan
Bania, Khandelwal
Bania, Lad
Bania, Lingayat
Bania, Maheshri
Bania, Nema
Bania, Oswal
Bania, Parwar
1. Origin.
2. Subdivisions.
3. Exogamy.
4. Marriage customs.
5. Religion: Hindu observances.
6. Disposal of the dead.
7. Social rules and customs.
Bania, Srimali
Bania, Umre
Banjara
List of Paragraphs
1. Historical notice of the caste.
2. Banjaras derived from the Charans or Bhats.
3. Charan Ranjarans employed with the Mughal armies.
4. Internal structure.
5. Minor subcastes.
6. Marriage: betrothal.
7. Marriage.
8. Widow remarriage.
9. Birth and death.
10. Religion: Banjari Devi.
11. Mithu Bhukia.
12. Siva Bhaia.
13. Worship of cattle.
14. Connection with the Sikhs.
15. Witchcraft.
16. Human sacrifice.
17. Admission of outsiders: kidnapped children and slaves.
18. Dress.
19. Social customs.
20. The Naik or headman. Banjara dogs.
21. Criminal tendencies of the caste.
22. Their virtues.
Barai
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Caste subdivisions.
3. Marriage
4. Religion and social status.
5. Occupation.
Barhai
List of Paragraphs
1. Strength and local distribution.
2. Internal structure.
3. Marriage customs.
4. Religion.
5. Social position.
6. Occupation.
Bari
Basdewa
Basor
List of Paragraphs
1. Numbers and distribution.
2. Caste traditions.
3. Subdivisions.
4. Marriage.
5. Religion and social status.
6. Occupation.
Bedar
1. General notice.
2. Subdivisions and marriage customs.
3. Funeral rites.
Beldar
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice.
2. Beldars of the northern Districts.
3. Odias of Chhattisgarh.
4. Other Chhattisgarhi Beldars.
5. Munurwar and Telenga.
6. Vaddar.
7. Pathrot.
8. Takari.
1. Historical notice.
2. Criminal tendencies in the Central Provinces.
3. Social customs.
Bhaina
List of Paragraphs
1. The tribe derived from the Baigas.
2. Closely connected with the Kawars.
3. Internal structure: Totemism.
4. Marriage.
5. Religious superstitions.
6. Admission of outsiders and caste offences.
7. Social customs.
Bhamta or Bhamtya
1. Occupation.
2. Subdivisions and marriage customs.
3. Religion and social customs.
Bharbhunja
1. General notice
2. Social customs.
3. Occupation.
Bharia
List of Paragraphs
1. Origin and tribal legend.
2. Tribal subdivisions.
3. Marriage.
4. Childbirth.
5. Funeral ceremonies.
6. Religion and magic.
7. Social life and customs.
8. Occupation.
Bhat
List of Paragraphs
1. Origin of the Bhats.
2. Bhats and Charans.
3. Lower-class Bhats.
4. Social status of the caste.
5. Social customs.
6. The Bhat's business.
7. Their extortionate practices.
8. The Jasondhis.
9. The Charans as carriers.
10. Suicide and the fear of ghosts.
11. Instances of haunting and laying ghosts.
12. The Charans as sureties.
13. Suicide as a means of revenge.
14. _Dharna._
15. Casting out spirits.
16. Sulking. Going bankrupt.
17. Bhat songs.
Bhatra
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice and structure of the caste.
2. Admission of outsiders.
3. Arrangement of marriages.
4. The Counter of Posts.
5. Marriage customs.
6. Propitiation of ghosts.
7. Religion. Ceremonies at hunting.
8. Superstitious remedies.
9. Occupation.
10. Names.
Bhil
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice. The Bhils a Kolarian tribe.
2. Rajputs deriving their title to the land from the Bhils.
3. Historical notice.
4. General Outram and the Khandesh Bhil Corps.
5. Subdivisions.
6. Exogamy and marriage customs.
7. Widow--marriage, divorce and polygamy.
8. Religion.
9. Witchcraft and amulets.
10. Funeral rites.
11. Social customs.
12. Appearance and characteristics.
13. Occupation.
14. Language.
Bhilala
1. General notice.
2. Marriage.
3. Social customs.
4. Occupation and character.
5. Character.
Bhishti
Bhoyar
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Subcastes and sections.
3. Marriage.
4. Occupation.
5. Social status.
Bhuiya
List of Paragraphs
1. The tribe and its name.
2. Distribution of the tribe.
3. Example of the position of the aborigines in Hindu society.
4. The Bhuiyas a Kolarian tribe.
5. The Baigas and the Bhuiyas. Chhattisgarh the home of the Baigas.
6. The Baigas a branch of the Bhuiyas.
7. Tribal sub-divisions.
8. Exogamus septs.
9. Marriage customs.
10. Widow-marriage and divorce.
11. Religion.
12. Religious dancing.
13. Funeral rites and inheritance.
14. Physical appearance and occupation.
15. Social customs.
Bhulia
Bhunjia
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Subdivisions.
3. Marriage.
4. Religion.
5. Social rules.
Binjhwar
List of Paragraphs
1. Origin and tradition.
2. Tribal subdivisions.
3. Marriage.
4. The marriage ceremony.
5. Sexual morality.
6. Disposal of the dead.
7. Religion.
8. Festivals.
9. Social customs.
Bishnoi
List of Paragraphs
1. Origin of the sect.
2. Precepts of Jhambaji.
3. Customs of the Bishnois in the Punjab.
4. Initiation and baptism.
5. Nature of the sect.
6. Bishnois in the Central Provinces.
7. Marriage.
8. Disposal of the dead.
9. Development into a caste.
Bohra
List of Paragraphs
1. Origin of the sect.
2. Their religious tenets.
3. The Mullahs.
4. Bohra graveyards.
5. Religious customs.
6. Occupation.
7. Houses and dress.
Brahman [397]
List of Paragraphs
List of Subordinate Articles on Subcastes
1. Origin and development of the caste.
2. Their monopoly of literature.
3. Absence of central authority.
4. Mixed elements in the caste.
5. Caste subdivisions.
6. Miscellaneous groups.
7. Sectarian divisions.
8. Exogamy.
9. Restrictions on marriage.
10. Hypergamy.
11. Marriage customs.
12. Polygamy, divorce and treatment of widows.
13. _Sati_ or burning of widows.
14. Funeral rites and mourning.
15. Religion.
16. Daily ritual.
17. The sacred thread.
18. Social position.
19. Titles.
20. Caste _panchayat_ and offences.
21. Rules about food.
22. Dress.
23. Tattooing.
24. Occupation.
25. Character of Brahmans.
Brahman, Ahivasi
Brahman, Jijhotia
Brahman, Kanaujia, Kanyakubja
Brahman, Khedawal
Brahman, Maharashtra
Brahman, Maithil
Brahman, Malwi
Brahman, Nagar
Brahman, Naramdeo
Brahman, Sanadhya
Brahman, Sarwaria
Brahman, Utkal
Chadar
Chamar
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice of the caste.
2. Endogamous divisions.
3. Subcastes continued.
4. Exogamous divisions.
5. Marriage.
6. Widow-marriage and divorce.
7. Funeral customs.
8. Childbirth.
9. Religion.
10. Occupation.
11. The tanning process.
12. Shoes.
13. Other articles made of leather.
14. Customs connected with shoes.
15. The Chamar as general village drudge.
16. Social status.
17. Character.
Chasa
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Exogamous divisions.
3. Status and customs of the caste.
Chauhan
Chhipa
1. Constitution of the caste.
2. Its origin and position.
3. Caste subdivisions.
4. Marriage and other customs.
5. Occupation.
Chitari
List of Paragraphs
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Social customs.
3. Birth and childhood.
4. The evil eye.
5. Cradle-songs.
6. Occupation.
Chitrakathi
Cutchi
1. General notice.
2. Origin of the caste.
3. Social customs.
Dahait [487]
List of Paragraphs
1. Origin of the caste.
2. Internal structure: totemism.
3. Marriage and other customs.
4. Social position.
5. Former occupations: door-keeper and mace-bearer.
6. The umbrella.
7. Significance of the umbrella.
Daharia
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Sept and subsept.
3. Social customs.
Dangi
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Caste subdivisions.
3. Marriage.
4. Religious and social customs.
5. Occupation and character.
Dangri
Darzi
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice.
2. Subdivisions.
3. Sewn clothes not formerly worn.
4. Occupation.
5. Religion.
Dewar
1. General notice.
2. Subdivisions.
3. Marriage customs.
4. Religion and social practices.
5. Occupation.
Dhakar
1. Origin and subdivisions.
2. Marriage.
3. Funeral rites.
4. Occupation and social status.
Dhangar
1. Traditions and structure of the caste.
2. Marriage.
3. Religion.
4. Birth, death and social status.
5. Occupation.
Dhanuk
1. Original and classical records.
2. Marriage.
3. Social rank and customs.
Dhanwar
List of Paragraphs
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Exogamous septs.
3. Marriage.
4. Festivities of the women of the bridegroom's party.
5. Conclusion of the marriage.
6. Widow-marriage and divorce.
7. Childbirth.
8. Disposal of the dead.
9. Religion.
10. Magic and witchcraft.
11. Social rules.
12. Dress and tattooing.
13. Names of children.
14. Occupation.
Dhimar [536]
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice.
2. Subcastes.
3. Exogamous groups.
4. Marriage.
5. Childbirth
6. Disposal of the dead.
7. Religion.
8. Occupation: fisherman.
9. Water-carrier.
10. Palanquin-bearer and personal servant.
11. Other occupations.
12. Social status.
13. Legend of the caste.
Dhoba
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice.
2. Exogamous divisions.
3. Marriage customs.
4. Funeral rites.
5. Caste _panchayat_ and social penalties.
6. Occupation and social customs.
Dhobi
List of Paragraphs
1. Character and structure of the caste.
2. Marriage customs.
3. Other social customs.
4. Religion.
5. Occupation: washing clothes.
6. Social position.
7. Proverbs about the Dhobi.
8. Wearing and lending the clothes of customers.
Dhuri
1. Origin and Subdivisions.
2. Marriage.
3. Religious beliefs.
4. Occupation and social status.
Dumal
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Subdivisions.
3. Marriage.
4. Religious and social customs.
Fakir
1. General notice.
2. Principal orders.
3. Rules and customs.
End of vol. II
NOTES