9. Hindu and Jain subcastes: divisions among subcastes.

Another classification may be made of the subcastes according as

they are of the Hindu or Jain religion; the important Jain subcastes

are the Oswal, Parwar, Golapurab, Saitwal and Charnagar, and one or

two smaller ones, as the Baghelwal and Samaiya. The other subcastes

are principally Hindu, but many have a Jain minority, and similarly

the Jain subcastes return a proportion of Hindus. The difference of

religion counts for very little, as practically all the non-Jain Banias

are strict Vaishnava Hindus, abstain entirely from any kind of flesh

meat, and think it a sin to take animal life; while on their side the

Jains employ Brahmans for certain purposes, worship some of the local

Hindu deities, and observe the principal Hindu festivals. The Jain and

Hindu sections of a subcaste have consequently, as a rule, no objection

to taking food together, and will sometimes intermarry. Several of the

important subcastes are subdivided into Bisa and Dasa, or twenty and

ten groups. The Bisa or twenty group is of pure descent, or twenty

carat, as it were, while the Dasas are considered to have a certain

amount of alloy in their family pedigree. They are the offspring of

remarried widows, and perhaps occasionally of still more irregular

unions. Intermarriage sometimes takes place between the two groups,

and families in the Dasa group, by living a respectable life and

marrying well, improve their status, and perhaps ultimately get

back into the Bisa group. As the Dasas become more respectable they

will not admit to their communion newly remarried widows or couples

who have married within the prohibited degrees, or otherwise made a

_mésalliance_, and hence a third inferior group, called the Pacha or

five, is brought into existence to make room for these.

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 2 · 第 131 / 579 题