4. Occupation and social status.

The Dhakars are mainly engaged in cultivation as farmservants and

labourers. Like the Halbas, they consider it a sin to heat or forge

iron, looking upon the metal as sacred. They eat the flesh of clean

animals, but abstain from both pigs and chickens, and some also do not

eat the peacock. A man as well as a woman is permanently expelled for

adultery with a person of lower caste, the idea of this rule being

no doubt to prevent degradation in the status of the caste from the

admission of the offspring of such unions. If one Dhakar beats another

with a shoe, both are temporarily put out of caste. But if a man

seduces a caste-man's wife and is beaten with a shoe by the husband,

he is permanently expelled, while the husband is readmitted after

a feast. On being received back into caste intercourse an offender

is purified by drinking water in which the image of a local god has

been dipped or the Raja of Bastar has placed his toe. Like other low

castes of mixed origin, they are very particular about each other's

status and will only accept cooked food from families who are well

known to them. At caste feasts each family or group of families cooks

for itself, and in some cases parents refuse to eat with the family

into which their daughter has married and hence cannot do so with

the girl herself.

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 2 · 第 504 / 579 题