3. Social customs.

The caste commonly bury the dead and erect memorial stones at the

heads of graves which they worship in the month of Chait (April),

smearing them with vermilion and making an offering of flowers. This

may either be a Dravidian usage or have been adopted by imitation

from the Muhammadans. The caste worship the ordinary Hindu deities,

but each family has a _Kul-devi_ or household god, Mr. Korke remarks,

to which they pay special reverence. The offerings made to the Kul-devi

must be consumed by the family alone, but married daughters are allowed

to participate. They employ Nimari Brahmans as their priests, and also

have _gurus_ or spiritual preceptors, who are Gosains or Bairagis. They

will take food cooked with water from Brahmans, Rajputs, Munda Gujars

and Tirole Kunbis. The last two groups are principal agricultural

castes of the locality and the Bhilalas are probably employed by them

as farmservants, and hence accept cooked food from their masters in

accordance with a common custom. The local Brahmans of the Nagar,

Naramdeo, Baisa and other subcastes will take water from the hand of

a Bhilala. Temporary excommunication from caste is imposed for the

usual offences, such as going to jail, getting maggots in a wound,

killing a cow, a dog or a squirrel, committing homicide, being beaten

by a man of low caste, selling shoes at a profit, committing adultery,

and allowing a cow to die with a rope round its neck; and further, for

touching the corpses of a cow, cat or horse, or a Barhai (carpenter) or

Chamar (tanner). They will not swear by a dog, a cat or a squirrel, and

if either of the first two animals dies in a house, it is considered to

be impure for a month and a quarter. The head of the caste committee

has the designation of Mandloi, which is a territorial title borne

by several families in Nimar. He receives a share of the fine levied

for the _Sarni_ or purification ceremony, when a person temporarily

expelled is readmitted into caste. Under the Mandloi is the Kotwal

whose business is to summon the members to the caste assemblies;

he also is paid out of the fines and his office is hereditary.

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 2 · 第 318 / 579 题