2. Internal structure: totemism.

The subcastes returned from the Mandla District have already been

mentioned. In Bilaspur they have quite different ones, of which two,

Joharia and Pailagia, are derived from methods of greeting. Johar

is the salutation which a Rajput prince sends to a vassal or chief

of inferior rank, and Pailagi or 'I fall at your feet' is that with

which a member of a lower caste accosts a Brahman. How such names

came to be adopted as subcastes cannot be explained. The caste have

a number of exogamous groups named after plants and animals. Members

of the Bel, [489] Rusallo and Chheola [490] septs revere the trees

after which these septs are named. They will not cut or injure

the tree, and at the time of marriage they go and invite it to be

present at the ceremony. They offer to the tree the _maihar_ cake,

which is given only to the members of the family and the husbands

and children of daughters. Those belonging to the Nagotia sept [491]

will not kill a snake, and at the time of marriage they deposit the

_maihar_ cake at a snake-hole. Members of the Singh (lion) and Bagh

(tiger) septs will not kill a tiger, and at their weddings they draw

his image on a wall and offer the cake to it, being well aware that

if they approached the animal himself, he would probably repudiate

the relationship and might not be satisfied with the cake for his meal.

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 2 · 第 470 / 579 题