9. Marriage customs.

As a rule, girls may be married before or after puberty, but the

Golkars of Chanda insist on infant marriage, and fine the parents if

an unmarried girl becomes adolescent. On the other hand, the Kaonra

Ahirs of Mandla make a practice of not getting a girl married till

the signs of puberty have appeared. It is said that in Mandla if an

unmarried girl becomes pregnant by a man of the caste the _panchayat_

give her to him and fine him Rs. 20 or 30, which they appropriate

themselves, giving nothing to the father. If an Ahir girl is seduced

by an outsider, she is made over to him, and a fine of Rs. 40 or 50

is exacted from him if possible. This is paid to the girl's father,

who has to spend it on a penalty feast to the caste. Generally,

sexual offences within the community are leniently regarded. The

wedding ceremony is of the type prevalent in the locality. The

proposal comes from the boy's family, and a price is usually given

for the bride. The Kaonra Ahirs of Mandla and the Jharia and Kosaria

Rawats of Chhattisgarh employ a Brahman only to write the _lagun_ or

paper fixing the date of the wedding, and the ceremony is conducted

by the _sawasins_ or relatives of the parties. In Chhattisgarh the

bridegroom is dressed as a girl to be taken to the wedding. In Betul

the weddings of most Gaolis are held in Magh (January), and that of

the Ranya subcaste in the bright fortnight of Kartik (October). At

the ceremony the bride is made to stand on a small stone roller; the

bridegroom then takes hold of the roller facing the bride and goes

round in a circle seven times, turning the roller with him. Widow

remarriage is permitted, and a widow is often expected to marry

the younger brother of her deceased husband. If a bachelor wishes

to marry a widow he first goes through the ceremony with a dagger

or an earthen vessel. Divorce is freely permitted. In Hoshangabad a

strip is torn off the clothes worn by husband and wife as a sign of

their divorce. This is presumably in contrast to the knotting of the

clothes of the couple together at a wedding.

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 2 · 第 35 / 579 题