9. Religion.

The caste worship the ordinary Hindu and village deities of

the localities in which they reside, and observe the principal

festivals. In Saugor the Chamars have a family god, known as Marri,

who is represented by a lump of clay kept in the cooking-room of the

house. He is supposed to represent the ancestors of the family. The

Seoni Chamars especially worship the castor-oil plant. Generally

the caste revere the _rampi_ or skinning-knife with offerings of

flour-cakes and cocoanuts on festival days. In Chhattisgarh more than

half the Chamars belong to the reformed Satnami sect, by which the

worship of images is at least nominally abolished. This is separately

treated. Mr. Gordon states [458] that it is impossible to form a clear

conception of the beliefs of the village Chamars as to the hereafter:

"That they have the idea of hell as a place of punishment may be

gathered from the belief that if salt is spilt the one who does this

will in Patal--or the infernal region--have to gather up each grain of

salt with his eyelids. Salt is for this reason handed round with great

care, and it is considered unlucky to receive it in the palm of the

hand; it is therefore invariably taken in a cloth or in a vessel. There

is a belief that the spirit of the deceased hovers round familiar

scenes and places, and on this account, whenever it is possible,

it is customary to destroy or desert the house in which any one has

died. If a house is deserted the custom is to sweep and plaster the

place, and then, after lighting a lamp, to leave it in the house and

withdraw altogether. After the spirit of the dead has wandered around

restlessly for a certain time it is said that it will again become

incarnate and take the form of man or of one of the lower animals."

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 2 · 第 434 / 579 题