3. Marriage customs.

Marriage within the exogamous section and also with first cousins is

forbidden, though in some places the union of a sister's son with

a brother's daughter is permitted. Child marriage is usual, and

censure visits a man who allows an unmarried daughter to arrive at

adolescence. The bridegroom should always be older than the bride,

at any rate by a day. When a betrothal is arranged some ornaments

and a cloth bearing the _swastik_ or lucky mark are sent to the

girl. Marriages are always celebrated during the months of Magh

and Phagun, and they are held only once in five or six years,

when all children whose matches can be arranged for are married

off. This custom is economical, as it saves expenditure on marriage

feasts. Colonel Dalton also states that the Agharias always employ

Hindustani Brahmans for their ceremonies, and as very few of these

are available, they make circuits over large areas, and conduct all

the weddings of a locality at the same period. Before the marriage a

kid is sacrificed at the bride's house to celebrate the removal of her

status of maidenhood. When the bridegroom arrives at the bride's house

he touches with his dagger the string of mango-leaves suspended from

the marriage-shed and presents a rupee and a hundred betel-leaves

to the bride's _sawasin_ or attendant. Next day the bridegroom's

father sends a present of a bracelet and seven small earthen cups to

the bride. She is seated in the open, and seven women hold the cups

over her head one above the other. Water is then poured from above

from one cup into the other, each being filled in turn and the whole

finally falling on the bride's head. This probably symbolises the

fertilising action of rain. The bride is then bathed and carried

in a basket seven times round the marriage-post, after which she

is seated in a chair and seven women place their heads together

round her while a male relative winds a thread seven times round

the heads of the women. The meaning of this ceremony is obscure. The

bridegroom makes his appearance alone and is seated with the bride,

both being dressed in clothes coloured yellow with turmeric. The

bridegroom's party follows, and the feet of the couple are washed

with milk. The bride's brother embraces the bridegroom and changes

cloths with him. Water is poured over the hands of the couple,

the girl's forehead is daubed with vermilion, and a red silk cloth

is presented to her and the couple go round the marriage-post. The

bride is taken for four days to the husband's house and then returns,

and is again sent with the usual _gauna_ ceremony, when she is fit

for conjugal relations. No price is usually paid for the bride, and

each party spends about Rs. 100 on the marriage ceremony. Polygamy

and widow marriage are generally allowed, the widow being disposed

of by her parents. The ceremony at the marriage of a widow consists

in putting vermilion on the parting of her hair and bangles on her

wrists. Divorce is allowed on pain of a fine of Rs. 50 if the divorce

is sought by the husband, and of Rs. 25 if the wife asks for it. In

some localities divorce and also polygamy are said to be forbidden,

and in such cases a woman who commits adultery is finally expelled

from the caste, and a funeral feast is given to symbolise her death.

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 2 · 第 19 / 579 题