Latin Grammar
章节目录
共 808 题- A LATIN GRAMMAR
- FOR
- SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES
- BY
- PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION.
- MORRIS H. MORGAN.
- PREFATORY NOTE TO THE REVISED EDITION.
- M. H. M.
- TABLE OF CONTENTS.
- PART FIRST: WORDS, 2-1022.
- PART SECOND: SENTENCES, 1023-2299.
- THE SIMPLE SENTENCE, 1099-1635.
- THE COMPOUND SENTENCE, OR COORDINATION, 1636-1713.
- THE COMPLEX SENTENCE, OR SUBORDINATION, 1714-2299.
- APPENDIX, 2300-2745.
- LATIN GRAMMAR
- PART FIRST [decoration] WORDS
- PARTS OF SPEECH.
- 3. I. NOUNS are _Substantive_ or _Adjective_.
- A. SOUND.
- ALPHABET.
- PRONUNCIATION.
- VOWELS.
- QUANTITY OF VOWELS.
- 35. A vowel is short:
- 36. All vowels are long which are:
- PRONUNCIATION OF VOWELS.
- CLASSIFICATION OF VOWELS.
- DIPHTHONGS.
- CONSONANTS.
- PRONUNCIATION OF CONSONANTS.
- 55. #c# has always the sound of English _k_.
- 69. #v# is like the English _w_.
- CLASSIFICATION OF CONSONANTS.
- SYLLABIC AND UNSYLLABIC FUNCTION.
- ACCENT.
- THE CLASSICAL ACCENT.
- EARLIER RECESSIVE ACCENT.
- PROCLITICS AND ENCLITICS.
- CHANGE OF SOUND.
- CHANGE OF DIPHTHONGS IN ACCENTED SYLLABLES.
- WEAKENING IN UNACCENTED SYLLABLES.
- WEAKENING OF SIMPLE VOWELS IN MEDIAL SYLLABLES.
- WEAKENING OF SIMPLE VOWELS IN FINAL SYLLABLES.
- WEAKENING OF DIPHTHONGS IN UNACCENTED SYLLABLES.
- LOSS IN UNACCENTED SYLLABLES.
- COMBINATION OF ADJACENT VOWELS.
- LENGTHENING.
- SHORTENING.
- TRANSFER OF QUANTITY.
- VARIATIONS OF QUANTITY.
- QUANTITATIVE VOWEL GRADATION.
- QUALITATIVE VOWEL CHANGES.
- ASSIMILATION.
- QUALITATIVE VOWEL GRADATION.
- CHANGES OF CONSONANT GROUPS.
- ASSIMILATION.
- CONSONANTAL GLIDES.
- DISAPPEARANCE.
- DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANAPTYCTICAL VOWEL.
- DISSIMILATION.
- CHANGES WITHIN COMPOUNDS.
- SYLLABLES.
- LENGTH OF SYLLABLES.
- LOSS OF SYLLABLES.
- B. FORMATION.
- ROOTS.
- PRESENT STEMS AS ROOTS.
- STEMS.
- PRIMITIVES AND DENOMINATIVES.
- WITHOUT A FORMATIVE SUFFIX.
- WITH A FORMATIVE SUFFIX.
- STEM. NOMINATIVE. FROM.
- I. THE SUBSTANTIVE.
- I. THE AGENT.
- STEM. NOMINATIVE. FROM.
- II. THE ACTION.
- III. THE INSTRUMENT OR MEANS.
- STEM. NOMINATIVE. FROM.
- I. THE QUALITY.
- STEM. NOMINATIVE. FROM.
- 262. #-tāt-#, N. #-tā-s# (202), is one of the very commonest suffixes.
- II. THE PERSON CONCERNED.
- STEM. NOMINATIVE. FROM.
- III. THE PLACE.
- STEM. NOMINATIVE. FROM.
- IV. DIMINUTIVES.
- V. PATRONYMICS.
- II. THE ADJECTIVE.
- I. WITH AN ACTIVE MEANING.
- STEM. NOMINATIVE. FROM.
- II. WITH A PASSIVE MEANING.
- STEM. NOMINATIVE. FROM.
- I. MATERIAL OR RESEMBLANCE.
- STEM. NOMINATIVE. FROM.
- II. APPURTENANCE.
- STEM. NOMINATIVE. FROM.
- III. SUPPLY.
- STEM. NOMINATIVE. FROM.
- IV. DIMINUTIVES.
- 339. Diminutives are formed from adjectives, as from substantives (267).
- V. COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES.
- COMPARATIVE. SUPERLATIVE.
- POSITIVE. COMPARATIVE. SUPERLATIVE.
- POSITIVE. COMPARATIVE. SUPERLATIVE.
- POSITIVE. COMPARATIVE. SUPERLATIVE.
- THE COMPARATIVE SUFFIX.
- THE SUPERLATIVE SUFFIX.
- PECULIARITIES OF COMPARISON.
- COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADVERBS.
- VERB. FROM NOUN.
- 373. A few frequentatives add #-tā-# to the perfect participle stem: as,
- COMPOSITION.
- I. COMPOSITION OF NOUNS.
- FORM OF COMPOUNDS.
- MEANING OF COMPOUNDS.
- 386. Apparent Compounds are formed:
- II. COMPOSITION OF VERBS.
- 393. Apparent Compounds are formed by the juxtaposition of:
- C. INFLECTION.
- THE STEM.
- 401. Some nouns have more than one form of the stem: as,
- GENDER.
- GENDER OF SOME CLASSES OF SUBSTANTIVES.
- MASCULINES.
- FEMININES.
- MOBILE, COMMON, AND EPICENE NOUNS.
- NEUTERS.
- VARIABLE GENDER.
- NUMBER.
- 416. Some substantives, from their meaning, have no plural.
- 417. Some substantives, from their meaning, have no singular.
- 418. Some substantives have different meanings in the two numbers: as,
- CASE.
- GENITIVE SINGULAR. GENITIVE PLURAL. STEMS IN.
- 430. Many nouns are defective in case.
- THE SUBSTANTIVE
- 435. Stems in #-ā-# are declined as follows:
- SINGULAR CASES.
- PLURAL CASES.
- 443. Other case forms are found in inscriptions, as follows:
- GREEK NOUNS.
- SINGULAR CASES.
- 459. Latin proper names in #-ius# have the vocative in #-ī# only: as,
- PLURAL CASES.
- 465. Other case forms are found in inscriptions as follows:
- GREEK NOUNS.
- CONSONANT STEMS.
- I. MUTE STEMS.
- II. STEMS IN A CONTINUOUS CONSONANT.
- 481. (1.) Stems in #-l-# and #-n-# are declined as follows:
- 487. (2.) Stems in #-r-# and #-s-# are declined as follows:
- III. STEMS IN #-u-# OR #-v-#.
- SINGULAR CASES.
- PLURAL CASES.
- 507. Other case forms are found in inscriptions, as follows:
- GREEK NOUNS.
- I. PARISYLLABLES.
- II. IMPARISYLLABLES.
- 530. Imparisyllabic stems in #-i-# are declined as follows:
- SINGULAR CASES.
- 548. (_a._) Accusatives in #-im#
- 551. Six have the accusative commonly in #-em#, sometimes in #-im#:
- 554. (_a._) These ablatives have only #-ī#:
- PLURAL CASES.
- 564. Other case forms are found in inscriptions, as follows:
- GREEK NOUNS.
- MASCULINE.
- FEMININE.
- NEUTER.
- 585. Stems in #-u-# are substantive only, and mostly masculine.
- 589. Stems in #-u-# are declined as follows:
- SINGULAR CASES.
- PLURAL CASES.
- 593. Other case forms are found in inscriptions, as follows:
- 596. Stems in #-ē-# are substantive only, and feminine.
- 599. Stems in #-ē-# are of two classes:
- 601. Stems in #-ē-# of the first class are declined as follows:
- 605. Stems in #-ē-# of the second class are declined as follows:
- THE ADJECTIVE.
- CONSONANT STEMS.
- OF TWO ENDINGS.
- OF ONE ENDING.
- M. F. and Ne. #dīves#, _rich_, stem #dīvit-#.
- OF THREE ENDINGS.
- 628. These adjectives are declined as follows:
- OF TWO ENDINGS.
- OF ONE ENDING.
- THE NUMERAL ADJECTIVE.
- 638. #ūnus#, _one_, is declined as follows:
- 639. #duo#, _two_, and #trēs#, _three_, are declined as follows:
- THE PRONOUN.
- THE PERSONAL AND REFLEXIVE POSSESSIVE.
- 654. Other case forms are found in inscriptions, as follows:
- THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN.
- 665. Other case forms of #hīc# are found in inscriptions, as follows:
- 668. Other case forms of ille are found in inscriptions, as follows:
- THE DETERMINATIVE PRONOUN.
- 674. Other case forms of #is# are found in inscriptions, as follows:
- THE PRONOUN OF IDENTITY.
- 678. Other case forms of #īdem# are found in inscriptions, as follows:
- THE INTENSIVE PRONOUN.
- THE RELATIVE, INTERROGATIVE, AND INDEFINITE PRONOUN.
- 682. (_a._) The relative #quī#, _who_, _which_, is declined as follows:
- 694. The derivatives of #uter# are declined like #uter#; they are:
- CORRELATIVE PRONOUNS.
- THE ADVERB, THE CONJUNCTION, AND THE PREPOSITION.
- I. NOUNS AS ADVERBS.
- OTHER ENDINGS.
- CORRELATIVE ADVERBS.
- II. SENTENCES AS ADVERBS.
- 712. Some adverbs are condensed sentences: as,
- THE STEM.
- THE PERSON ENDING.
- 726. The person endings are as follows:
- ACTIVE VOICE.
- PASSIVE VOICE.
- NOUNS OF THE VERB.
- PRINCIPAL PARTS.
- DESIGNATION OF THE VERB.
- THEME OF THE VERB.
- ARRANGEMENT OF THE VERB.
- I. PRIMITIVE VERBS.
- 751. #possum#, _can_.
- 762. (2.) #eō#, _go_ (#ī-# for #ei-#, #i-#)
- 773. (2.) #volō#, _will_, _wish_, _want_, _am willing_ (#vol-#, #vel-#).
- 776. #nōlō#, _won’t_, _don’t want_, _object_, _am not willing_.
- 778. #mālō#, _like better_, _choose rather_.
- 782. #regō#, _rule_.
- 783. #regor#, _am ruled_.
- 786. #aiō#, _say_, is defective, and has only these parts in common use:
- II. DENOMINATIVE VERBS.
- 792. #laudō#, _praise_.
- 793. #laudor#, _am praised_.
- 794. #moneō#, _advise_.
- 795. #moneor#, _am advised_.
- 796. #audiō#, _hear_.
- 797. #audior#, _am heard_.
- THE DEPONENT VERB.
- PERIPHRASTIC FORMS.
- DEFECTIVE VERBS.
- 805. (1.) Some verbs have only a few forms: as,
- 806. (2.) Many verbs have only the present system; such are:
- REDUNDANT VERBS.
- 818. (1.) Some verbs have more than one form of the present stem: thus,
- 823. (2.) Some verbs have more than one form of the perfect stem: as,
- FORMATION OF STEMS.
- VARIABLE VOWEL.
- I. THE PRESENT SYSTEM.
- PRESENT INDICATIVE STEM.
- I. PRIMITIVES.
- II. DENOMINATIVES.
- PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE.
- IMPERATIVE.
- IMPERFECT INDICATIVE.
- IMPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE.
- FUTURE.
- II. THE PERFECT SYSTEM.
- PERFECT INDICATIVE STEM.
- 860. In compounds the reduplication is commonly dropped: as,
- PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE.
- PERFECT IMPERATIVE.
- PLUPERFECT INDICATIVE.
- PLUPERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE.
- FUTURE PERFECT.
- 882. The future perfect stem ends in #-erō-# and #-eri-#: as,
- SHORT OR OLD FORMS.
- NOUNS OF THE VERB.
- INFINITIVE.
- GERUNDIVE AND GERUND.
- SUPINE.
- PRESENT PARTICIPLE.
- FUTURE PARTICIPLE.
- PERFECT PARTICIPLE.
- 908. The perfect participle is formed in one of two separate ways:
- LIST OF VERBS
- ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE PRINCIPAL PARTS.
- I. PRIMITIVE VERBS.
- 922. Root verbs have their principal parts as follows:
- 924. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
- 926. (_c._) With the present stem in #-l{o|e-}# (833).
- 927. (_d._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).
- 928. (_e._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
- 930. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
- 932. (_c._) With the present stem in #-r{o|e-}#, or #-l{o|e-}# (833).
- 935. (_b._) With the present stem in #-l{o|e-}# (833).
- 937. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
- 939. (_c._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).
- 940. (_d._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
- 942. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
- 943. (_b._) With reduplication and #{-o|e-}# in the present stem (829).
- 945. (_d._) With the present stem in #-s{o|e-}# for #-t{o|e-}# (835).
- 946. (_e._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
- 951. (_b._) With the present stem in #-l{o|e-}# (833).
- 953. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
- 955. (_c._) With the present stem in #-n{o|e-}# (833).
- 956. (_d._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
- 958. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
- 959. (_b._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).
- 960. (_c._) With the present stem in #-t{o|e-}# (835).
- 961. (_d._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
- 963. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
- 964. (_b._) With the present stem in #-n{o|e-}# (833).
- 965. (_c._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).
- 967. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
- 968. (_b._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).
- 969. (_c._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
- 970. (_d._) With the present stem in #-ss{o|e-}# (375).
- 972. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
- 973. (_b._) With reduplication and #{-o|e-}# in the present stem (829).
- 975. (_d._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
- 978. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
- 980. (_c._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).
- 981. (_d._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
- 983. (_a._) With the present stem in #{-o|e-}# (829).
- 984. (_b._) With the present stem in #-sc{o|e-}# (834).
- 985. (_c._) With the present stem in #-t{o|e-}# (835).
- 986. (_d._) With the present stem in #-i{o|e-}# (836).
- II. DENOMINATIVE VERBS.
- PART SECOND [decoration] SENTENCES
- THE SIMPLE SENTENCE AND ITS PARTS.
- THE SUBJECT.
- THE PREDICATE.
- ENLARGEMENT OF THE SIMPLE SENTENCE.
- COMBINATION OF SENTENCES.
- I. THE COMPOUND SENTENCE.
- II. THE COMPLEX SENTENCE.
- AGREEMENT.
- THE SIMPLE SENTENCE.
- NUMBER AND GENDER.
- CASE.
- THE NOMINATIVE.
- THE NOMINATIVE OF TITLE.
- THE NOMINATIVE OF EXCLAMATION.
- THE VOCATIVE NOMINATIVE AND VOCATIVE PROPER.
- THE ACCUSATIVE.
- I. THE ACCUSATIVE OF THE OBJECT.
- THE EMPHASIZING OR DEFINING ACCUSATIVE.
- THE ACCUSATIVE OF THE PART CONCERNED.
- THE ACCUSATIVE OF THE THING PUT ON.
- THE ACCUSATIVE OF EXCLAMATION.
- II. THE ACCUSATIVE OF SPACE AND TIME, AND OF AIM OF MOTION.
- THE ACCUSATIVE OF SPACE AND TIME.
- THE ACCUSATIVE OF THE AIM OF MOTION.
- TWO ACCUSATIVES COMBINED.
- OBJECT AND PREDICATE.
- PERSON AND THING.
- OBJECT AND EXTENT, DURATION, OR AIM.
- THE DATIVE.
- I. THE COMPLEMENTARY DATIVE.
- THE DATIVE WITH VERBS.
- WITH VERBS OF INTRANSITIVE USE.
- WITH VERBS OF TRANSITIVE USE.
- THE DATIVE WITH ADJECTIVES.
- THE EMOTIONAL DATIVE.
- THE DATIVE OF THE POSSESSOR.
- THE DATIVE OF RELATION.
- II. THE PREDICATIVE DATIVE.
- THE DATIVE OF TENDENCY OR RESULT.
- THE DATIVE OF PURPOSE OR INTENTION.
- THE GENITIVE.
- I. THE GENITIVE WITH SUBSTANTIVES.
- THE GENITIVE OF THE SUBJECT, CAUSE, ORIGIN, OR OWNER.
- THE GENITIVE OF QUALITY.
- THE PARTITIVE GENITIVE.
- THE GENITIVE OF DEFINITION.
- THE OBJECTIVE GENITIVE.
- II. THE GENITIVE WITH ADJECTIVES.
- III. THE GENITIVE WITH VERBS.
- VERBS OF VALUING.
- JUDICIAL VERBS.
- IMPERSONAL VERBS OF MENTAL DISTRESS.
- VERBS OF MEMORY.
- VERBS OF PARTICIPATION AND MASTERY.
- VERBS OF FULNESS AND WANT.
- IV. THE GENITIVE OF EXCLAMATION.
- THE ABLATIVE.
- I. THE ABLATIVE PROPER.
- THE ABLATIVE OF SEPARATION AND WANT, AND OF DEPARTURE.
- TOWN AND ISLAND NAMES.
- THE ABLATIVE OF SOURCE, STUFF, OR MATERIAL.
- THE ABLATIVE OF CAUSE, INFLUENCE, OR MOTIVE.
- THE ABLATIVE OF COMPARISON.
- II. THE LOCATIVE ABLATIVE.
- PLACE IN, ON, OR AT WHICH.
- TIME AT WHICH OR TIME WITHIN WHICH.
- III. THE INSTRUMENTAL ABLATIVE.
- THE ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT.
- THE ABLATIVE OF MANNER.
- THE ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE.
- THE ABLATIVE OF QUALITY.
- THE ABLATIVE OF THE ROUTE TAKEN.
- THE ABLATIVE OF INSTRUMENT OR MEANS.
- THE ABLATIVE OF SPECIFICATION.
- THE ABLATIVE OF FULNESS.
- THE ABLATIVE OF MEASURE, EXCHANGE, AND PRICE.
- THE ABLATIVE OF THE AMOUNT OF DIFFERENCE.
- TWO OR MORE ABLATIVES COMBINED.
- USE OF CASES WITH PREPOSITIONS.
- PREPOSITIONS USED WITH THE ACCUSATIVE.
- PREPOSITIONS USED WITH THE ABLATIVE.
- PREPOSITIONS USED WITH THE ACCUSATIVE OR THE ABLATIVE.
- COMBINATION OF SUBSTANTIVES BY A PREPOSITION.
- REPETITION OR OMISSION OF A PREPOSITION WITH SEVERAL SUBSTANTIVES.
- TWO PREPOSITIONS WITH ONE SUBSTANTIVE.
- POSITION OF PREPOSITIONS.
- USE OF ADVERBS.
- NEGATIVE ADVERBS.
- USE OF DEGREES OF COMPARISON.
- THE POSITIVE.
- THE COMPARATIVE.
- THE SUPERLATIVE.
- VOICE.
- THE ACTIVE VOICE.
- THE PASSIVE VOICE.
- DEPONENTS.
- MOOD.
- THE INDICATIVE MOOD.
- DECLARATIONS.
- QUESTIONS.
- YES OR NO QUESTIONS.
- POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ANSWERS.
- ALTERNATIVE QUESTIONS.
- PRONOUN QUESTIONS.
- SOME APPLICATIONS OF QUESTIONS.
- THE INFINITIVE OF INTIMATION.
- THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
- DECLARATIONS.
- I. THE SUBJUNCTIVE OF DESIRE.
- II. THE SUBJUNCTIVE OF ACTION CONCEIVABLE.
- QUESTIONS.
- THE IMPERATIVE MOOD.
- COMMAND.
- PROHIBITION.
- TENSE.
- THE TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE.
- THE PRESENT TENSE.
- THE IMPERFECT TENSE.
- THE PERFECT TENSE.
- THE HISTORICAL PERFECT.
- THE PERFECT DEFINITE.
- THE PLUPERFECT TENSE.
- THE FUTURE TENSE.
- THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE.
- THE TENSES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE.
- THE COMPOUND SENTENCE, OR COORDINATION.
- COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT COPULATIVES.
- THE INTERMEDIATE COORDINATE SENTENCE.
- THE COMPLEX SENTENCE, OR SUBORDINATION.
- MOOD OF THE SUBORDINATE SENTENCE.
- THE INDICATIVE MOOD.
- THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
- THE SUBJUNCTIVE OF INDIRECT DISCOURSE AND OF ATTRACTION.
- THE SUBJUNCTIVE OF REPEATED ACTION.
- THE SUBJUNCTIVE AS IN THE SIMPLE SENTENCE.
- TENSE OF THE SUBORDINATE SENTENCE.
- THE TENSES OF THE INDICATIVE.
- THE TENSES OF THE SUBJUNCTIVE.
- TENSE SUBORDINATE TO AN INDICATIVE.
- TENSE SUBORDINATE TO A SUBJUNCTIVE.
- TENSE SUBORDINATE TO A NOUN OF THE VERB.
- THE INDIRECT QUESTION.
- YES OR NO QUESTIONS.
- ALTERNATIVE QUESTIONS.
- PRONOUN QUESTIONS.
- ORIGINAL SUBJUNCTIVES.
- INDICATIVE QUESTIONS APPARENTLY INDIRECT.
- THE RELATIVE SENTENCE.
- AGREEMENT OF THE RELATIVE.
- MOODS IN THE RELATIVE SENTENCE.
- THE INDICATIVE MOOD.
- THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
- SENTENCES OF PURPOSE.
- SENTENCES OF CHARACTERISTIC OR RESULT.
- SENTENCES OF CAUSE OR CONCESSION.
- CORRELATIVE SENTENCES.
- RELATIVE SENTENCES COMBINED.
- THE RELATIVE INTRODUCING A MAIN SENTENCE.
- THE CONJUNCTIVE PARTICLE SENTENCE.
- WITH THE INDICATIVE.
- WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE.
- WITH THE INDICATIVE.
- WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE.
- WITH THE INFINITIVE.
- IN GENERAL STATEMENTS.
- IN PARTICULAR STATEMENTS.
- WITH THE INDICATIVE.
- WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE.
- I. COMPLEMENTARY FINAL CLAUSES.
- II. PURE FINAL CLAUSES.
- I. COMPLEMENTARY CONSECUTIVE CLAUSES.
- II. PURE CONSECUTIVE CLAUSES.
- WITH THE INDICATIVE.
- WITH THE SUBJUNCTIVE.
- CONDITIONAL PERIODS.
- CLASSES OF CONDITIONAL PROTASES.
- I. INDETERMINATE PROTASES.
- 2026. (_a._) #Apodosis in the Present.#
- 2027. (_b._) #Apodosis in the Perfect.#
- 2028. (_c._) #Apodosis in the Imperfect.#
- 2029. (_d._) #Apodosis in the Pluperfect.#
- 2030. (_e._) #Apodosis in the Future.#
- 2031. (_f._) #Apodosis in the Future Perfect.#
- 2032. (_g._) #Apodosis in the Imperative.#
- 2033. (_h._) #Apodosis in the Present Subjunctive.#
- 2034. (_a._) #Apodosis in the Present.#
- 2035. (_b._) #Apodosis in the Perfect.#
- 2036. (_c._) #Apodosis in the Pluperfect.#
- 2037. (_d._) #Apodosis in the Future.#
- 2038. (_e._) #Apodosis in the Imperative.#
- 2039. (_f._) #Apodosis in the Present Subjunctive.#
- 2040. (_g._) #Apodosis in the Imperfect Subjunctive.#
- 2041. (_h._) #Apodosis in the Pluperfect Subjunctive.#
- 2042. (_a._) #Apodosis in the Present.#
- 2043. (_b._) #Apodosis in the Perfect.#
- 2044. (_c._) #Apodosis in the Imperfect.#
- 2045. (_d._) #Apodosis in the Future.#
- 2046. (_e._) #Apodosis in the Present Subjunctive.#
- 2047. (_f._) #Apodosis in the Imperfect Subjunctive.#
- 2048. (_a._) #Apodosis in the Present.#
- 2049. (_b._) #Apodosis in the Perfect.#
- 2050. (_c._) #Apodosis in the Imperfect.#
- 2051. (_d._) #Apodosis in the Imperfect Subjunctive.#
- 2052. (_a._) #Apodosis in the Present.#
- 2053. (_b._) #Apodosis in the Perfect.#
- 2054. (_c._) #Apodosis in the Future.#
- 2055. (_d._) #Apodosis in the Future Perfect.#
- 2056. (_e._) #Apodosis in the Imperative.#
- 2057. (_f._) #Apodosis in the Present Subjunctive.#
- 2058. (_g._) #Apodosis in the Perfect Subjunctive.#
- 2059. (_a._) #Apodosis in the Present.#
- 2060. (_b._) #Apodosis in the Perfect.#
- 2061. (_c._) #Apodosis in the Future.#
- 2062. (_d._) #Apodosis in the Future Perfect.#
- 2063. (_e._) #Apodosis in the Imperative.#
- 2064. (_f._) #Apodosis in the Present Subjunctive.#
- SOME SPECIAL USES.
- THE SUBJUNCTIVE FOR THE INDICATIVE.
- 2076. (_a._) #Apodosis in the Present Subjunctive.#
- 2077. (_b._) #Apodosis in the Perfect Subjunctive.#
- 2078. (_c._) #Apodosis in the Present Indicative.#
- 2079. (_d._) #Apodosis in the Future.#
- 2080. (_e._) #Apodosis in the Future Perfect.#
- 2081. (_f._) #Apodosis in the Periphrastic Future.#
- 2082. (_g._) #Apodosis in the Imperfect Subjunctive.#
- 2083. (_h._) #Apodosis in the Pluperfect Subjunctive.#
- 2084. (_a._) #Apodosis in the Present Subjunctive.#
- 2085. (_b._) #Apodosis in the Perfect Subjunctive.#
- 2086. (_c._) #Apodosis in the Future Indicative.#
- 2087. (_d._) #Apodosis in the Periphrastic Future.#
- 2088. (_e._) #Apodosis in the Imperfect Subjunctive.#
- CONVERSION TO PAST TIME.
- PERIODS OF EXEMPLIFICATION.
- II. PROTASES OF ACTION NON-OCCURRENT.
- 2094. (_a._) #Apodosis in the Imperfect Subjunctive.#
- 2095. (_b._) #Apodosis in the Pluperfect Subjunctive.#
- 2096. (_c._) #Periphrastic Apodosis.#
- 2097. (_a._) #Apodosis in the Imperfect Subjunctive.#
- 2098. (_b._) #Apodosis in the Pluperfect Subjunctive.#
- 2099. (_c._) #Apodosis in the Present Subjunctive.#
- 2100. (_d._) #Periphrastic Apodosis.#
- INDICATIVE APODOSIS.
- 2102. (_a._) #Apodosis in the Imperfect Indicative.#
- 2103. (_b._) #Apodosis in the Perfect Indicative.#
- 2105. (_a._) #Apodosis in the Perfect Indicative.#
- 2106. (_b._) #Apodosis in the Imperfect Indicative.#
- 2108. (3.) PERIPHRASTIC PROTASIS.
- VARIATION OF THE PROTASIS.
- VARIATION OF THE APODOSIS.
- CONCESSIVE PROTASES.
- CONDITIONAL COMPARISONS.
- CONNECTION OF SEPARATE SENTENCES OR PERIODS.
- AFFIRMATIVE COORDINATION.
- NOUNS OF THE VERB.
- THE INFINITIVE.
- OLD AND POETICAL USE OF THE INFINITIVE.
- THE INFINITIVE OF PURPOSE.
- THE INFINITIVE WITH ADJECTIVES.
- THE ORDINARY USE OF THE INFINITIVE.
- THE COMPLEMENTARY INFINITIVE.
- THE ACCUSATIVE WITH THE INFINITIVE.
- VERBS OF PERCEIVING, KNOWING, THINKING, AND SAYING.
- VERBS OF ACCUSING.
- VERBS OF HOPING, PROMISING, AND THREATENING.
- VERBS OF EMOTION.
- VERBS OF DESIRE.
- VERBS OF ACCOMPLISHING.
- VERBS OF TEACHING AND TRAINING.
- VERBS OF BIDDING AND FORBIDDING AND OF ALLOWING.
- THE INFINITIVE AS A SUBSTANTIVE ACCUSATIVE.
- THE INFINITIVE OF EXCLAMATION.
- THE INFINITIVE OF INTIMATION.
- THE TENSES OF THE INFINITIVE.
- THE PRESENT TENSE.
- THE PERFECT TENSE.
- THE FUTURE TENSE.
- THE GERUNDIVE AND GERUND.
- CASES OF GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES.
- NOMINATIVE.
- ACCUSATIVE.
- DATIVE.
- GENITIVE.
- ABLATIVE.
- THE SUPINE.
- THE PARTICIPLE.
- TIME OF THE PARTICIPLE.
- THE ATTRIBUTIVE PARTICIPLE.
- THE SUBSTANTIVE PARTICIPLE.
- THE APPOSITIVE PARTICIPLE.
- THE PREDICATIVE PARTICIPLE.
- APPENDIX.
- THE CONATIVE USE.
- THE CAUSATIVE USE.
- THE POTENTIAL USE.
- THE OBLIGATORY USE.
- THE PERMISSIVE USE.
- MOOD.
- CONDITIONAL PERIODS IN INDIRECT DISCOURSE.
- THE PERSONAL PRONOUN.
- EQUIVALENTS FOR A RECIPROCAL PRONOUN.
- THE POSSESSIVE PRONOUN.
- THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN.
- THE DETERMINATIVE PRONOUN.
- THE PRONOUN OF IDENTITY.
- THE INTENSIVE PRONOUN.
- THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN.
- THE RELATIVE PRONOUN.
- THE INDEFINITE PRONOUN.
- NOTATION.
- SOME FORMS OF NUMERALS.
- SOME USES OF NUMERALS.
- CARDINALS AND ORDINALS.
- DISTRIBUTIVES.
- OTHER NUMERALS.
- EXPRESSION OF FRACTIONS.
- I. RULES OF QUANTITY.
- MONOSYLLABLES.
- POLYSYLLABLES.
- PENULTS.
- FINAL SYLLABLES.
- POSITION.
- HIDDEN QUANTITY.
- LAW OF IAMBIC SHORTENING.
- II. FIGURES OF PROSODY.
- HIATUS.
- ELISION.
- III. VERSIFICATION.
- BY HERMAN W. HAYLEY, PH.D.
- QUANTITY.
- FEET.
- KINDS OF FEET.
- 2521. The feet in common use are the following:--
- 2522. Other feet mentioned by the ancient grammarians are:--
- CYCLIC FEET.
- IRRATIONAL SYLLABLES AND FEET.
- RHYTHMS.
- ANACRUSIS.
- GROUPS OF FEET.
- SYLLABA ANCEPS.
- CATALEXIS, PAUSE, SYNCOPE.
- CAESURA.
- STROPHE. SYSTEM.
- NUMERI ITALICI.
- THE SATURNIAN.
- Virúm mihī́, Camḗna, # ī́nsecḗ versū́tum. (Livius Andronicus.)
- E͡ōrúm sectám sequóntur # múltī mórtā́lēs. (Naevius.)
- Vírum míhi, Camḗna, # ī́nsecḗ versū́tum. (Livius Andronicus.)
- E͡ōrum séctam sequóntur # múltī mórtā́lēs. (Naevius.)
- DACTYLIC RHYTHMS.
- THE DACTYLIC HEXAMETER.
- Lines without a principal caesura are rare. An instance is
- NOTES ON THE HEXAMETER.
- THE DACTYLIC PENTAMETER.
- IAMBIC RHYTHMS.
- THE IAMBIC TRIMETER OR SENARIUS.
- Fulsḗ|re quon|dam ‖ cán|didī| tibī́ | sṓlēs. (Cat. 8, 3.)
- THE IAMBIC TRIMETER CATALECTIC.
- IAMBIC SEPTENARIUS.
- OTHER IAMBIC VERSES.
- THE VERSUS REIZIANUS.
- Examples are:--
- TROCHAIC RHYTHMS.
- The following lines are examples of the Septenarius:--
- 2635. The rhythm of the Septenarius may be illustrated by this line:--
- Example:--
- Compare in English:--
- An example is:--
- THE NINE-SYLLABLED ALCAIC.
- An example is:--
- Sil|vaé la|bōran|tḗs ge|lūque. (H. 1, 9, 3.)
- The Horatian scheme is:--
- Examples are:--
- THE TROCHAIC TRIPODY ACATALECTIC.
- THE TROCHAIC TRIPODY CATALECTIC.
- Example:--
- OTHER TROCHAIC VERSES.
- LOGAOEDIC RHYTHMS.
- 2654. The following are the principal logaoedic rhythms:--
- DIPODY.
- THE ADONIC.
- 2655. This is a logaoedic dipody, with the scheme:--
- Examples are:--
- TRIPODIES.
- THE ARISTOPHANIC.
- There is no fixed caesura. Examples are:--
- TETRAPODIES.
- THE GLYCONIC.
- PENTAPODIES.
- Examples are:--
- Compare in English:--
- THE LESSER SAPPHIC.
- COMPOSITE LOGAOEDIC VERSES.
- THE LESSER ASCLEPIADEAN.
- Examples are:--
- THE GREATER ASCLEPIADEAN.
- Examples are:--
- THE GREATER SAPPHIC.
- An example is:--
- THE PRIAPEAN.
- Examples are:--
- DACTYLO-TROCHAIC RHYTHMS.
- THE GREATER ARCHILOCHIAN.
- An example is:--
- THE IAMBELEGUS.
- An example is:--
- THE ELEGIAMBUS.
- An example is:--
- ANAPAESTIC RHYTHMS.
- Examples are:--
- Examples are:--
- Examples are:--
- Examples are:--
- CRETIC RHYTHMS.
- THE CRETIC TETRAMETER ACATALECTIC.
- Examples are:--
- THE CRETIC TETRAMETER CATALECTIC.
- Examples are:--
- OTHER CRETIC VERSES.
- More frequent is the dimeter acatalectic, which has the scheme:--
- BACCHĪAC RHYTHMS.
- THE BACCHIAC TETRAMETER ACATALECTIC.
- Examples are:--
- OTHER BACCHIAC VERSES.
- 2705. (2.) Bacchiac hexameters occur in a few instances, as:--
- CHORIAMBIC RHYTHMS.
- IONIC RHYTHMS.
- Compare in Greek:--
- Examples are:--
- THE IONIC #ā minōre# TETRAMETER CATALECTIC (or _Galliambic_.)
- Examples are:--
- 2716. Compare the Greek:--
- 2718. The following is a list of the Horatian lyric metres:--
- So in Archilochus, e.g.:--
- So in Archilochus, e.g.:--
- So the Greek epigrammatists, e.g.:--
- Compare Archilochus fr. 85, Bergk (elegiambus; the trimeter is lost):--
- So Archilochus, e.g.:--
- See, however, 2677 _ad fin._
- So Alcaeus, e.g.:--
- So Alcaeus, e.g.:--
- Cf. Alcaeus:--
- So Sappho:--
- So Alcaeus:--
- ABBREVIATIONS USED IN CITING THE AUTHORS.
- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
- INDEX OF SUBJECTS.
- THE REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.
- Use of, treated, 2160-2236;
- INDEX OF LATIN WORDS.
- THE REFERENCES ARE TO SECTIONS.
- #Messālla#,
- MORRIS & MORGAN’S LATIN SERIES FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES
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- Errors and Inconsistencies
- Index under Future Tense: / #-ōr#, #-ār#, 68
- Index under Present: / #-īt#, #-āt#, #-ēt#, 132
- Section 160 (several references)
- Elsewhere