1961. The subjunctive with #ut# or #nē# is used to denote the purpose of
the main action.
The purpose is often indicated in the main sentence by an expression
like #ideō#, #idcircō#, #proptereā#, #eā mente#, &c.
#vigilās dē nocte, ut tuīs cōnsultōribus respondeās#, _Mur._ 22, _you
have to get up early in the morning to give advice to your clients_.
#maiōrēs nostrī ab arātrō addūxērunt Cincinnātum, ut dictātor esset#,
_Fin._ 2, 12, _our fathers brought Cincinnatus from his plough, to be
dictator_. #dīcam auctiōnis causam, ut damnō gaudeant#, Pl. _St._ 207,
_I’ll tell the reason for the sale, that o’er my losses they may gloat_.
#quīn etiam nē tōnsōrī collum committeret, tondēre fīliās suās docuit#,
_TD._ 5, 58, _why, he actually taught his own daughters to shave, so as
not to trust his throat to a barber_. #Caesar, nē graviōrī bellō
occurreret, ad exercitum proficīscitur#, 4, 6, 1, _to avoid facing war
on a more formidable scale, Caesar goes to the army_. #tē ulcīscar, ut
nē inpūne in nōs inlūseris#, T. _Eu._ 941, _I’ll be revenged on you, so
that you shan’t play tricks on me for nothing_ (1947). #nē īgnōrārētis
esse aliquās pācis vōbīs condiciōnēs, ad vōs vēnī#, L. 21, 13, 2,
_I have come to you to let you know that you have some chances of peace_
(1754). #ita mē gessī nē tibī̆ pudōrī essem#, L. 40, 15, 6, _I comported
myself in such a way that I might not be a mortification to you_.
#Mariōnem ad tē eō mīsī, ut tēcum ad mē venīret#, _Fam._ 16, 1, 1,
_I sent Mario to you with the intention of having him come with you to
me_. #idcircō nēmō superiōrum attigit, ut hīc tolleret? ideō C. Claudius
rettulit, ut C. Verrēs posset auferre?# _V._ 4, 7, _was that the reason
why no former officials laid a finger on it, that this man might swoop
it away? was that why Claudius returned it, that a Verres might carry it
off?_ #danda opera est, ut etiam singulīs cōnsulātur, sed ita, ut ea rēs
aut prōsit aut certē nē obsit rē̆ī pūblicae#, _Off._ 2, 72, _we must be
particular in regarding the interests of individuals as well, but with
this restriction, that our action may benefit, or at any rate may not
damage the country_.
1962. The subjunctive with #ut# or #nē# is often used not to express the
purpose of the main action, but in a parenthetical clause, as though
dependant upon some verb unexpressed: as,
#ut in pauca cōnferam, testāmentō factō mulier moritur#, _Caec._ 17, _to
cut a long story short, the woman makes her will and dies_. #sed ut hīc
nē īgnōret, quae rēs agātur: dē nātūrā agēbāmus deōrum#, _DN._ 1, 17,
_but that our friend here may know what is up: we were just on the
nature of the gods_. The tense is present, in late writers the perfect,
as #ut sīc dīxerim#, Quint. 1, 6, 1. Here may also be mentioned the use
of #nēdum# (rarely #nē# or, from Livy on, #nēdum ut#) with the present
subjunctive (rarely the imperfect): as, #satrapa numquam sufferre eius
sūmptūs queat: nēdum tū possīs#, T. _Hau._ 452, _a prince couldn’t stand
her extravagance, much less could you_. This is found in Terence and
Lucretius once each, in Cicero, and later; not in Caesar. The preceding
clause is negative or involves a negative idea. From Livy on, the verb
may be omitted: as, #vix clāmōrem eōrum, nēdum impetum tulēre#, L. 34,
20, 7, _they hardly stood their war cry, much less their charge_.
1963. The subjunctive is used in an assumption or concession with #ut#
or #nē#, or if the negation belongs to a single word, with #ut nōn#,
#nēmō#, &c.: as,
#ut taceam, quoivīs facile scītū est quam fuerim miser#, T. _Hec._ 296,
_even supposing I say nothing, anybody can understand how unhappy I
was_. #sed ut haec concēdantur, reliqua quī concēdī possunt?# _DN._ 3,
41, _but even supposing this be admitted, how can the rest be admitted?_
#nē sit summum malum dolor, malum certē est#, _TD._ 2, 14, _grant that
suffering is not the chiefest evil, an evil it assuredly is_ (1553).
#vērum ut hoc nōn sit, tamen praeclārum spectāculum mihī̆ prōpōnō#,
_Att._ 2, 15, 2, _but suppose this be not the case, still I anticipate a
gorgeous show_. #ac iam ut omnia contrā opīniōnem acciderent, tamen sē
plūrimum nāvibus posse perspiciēbant#, 3, 9, 6, _and even supposing
everything turned out contrary to expectation, still they saw clearly
that they had the advantage by sea_. #ut enim nēminem alium nisi T.
Patinam rogāsset, scīre potuit prōdī flāminem necesse esse#, _Mil._ 46,
_for even supposing he had asked nobody but Patina, he might have known
that a priest must be appointed_. This use is common in Cicero, not
found in Plautus or Sallust.
1964. The subjunctive with #ut# or #nē#, generally with #ita# as a
correlative, sometimes has the force of a proviso: as,
#ita probanda est clēmentia, ut adhibeātur sevēritās#, _Off._ 1, 88,
_mercy is to be commended, provided that strictness is employed_. #satis
memoriae meae tribuent, ut maiōribus meīs dignum crēdant#, Ta. 4, 38,
_they will pay respect enough to my memory, provided they consider me
worthy of my ancestors_.
(B.) RESULT.