1835. Besides the ordinary use of the relative, to introduce a
subordinate sentence, it is often used like #hīc#, or #is#, or like #et
is#, #is autem#, #is enim#, or #is igitur#, to append a fresh main
sentence or period to the foregoing: as,
#cōnsiliō convocātō sententiās exquīrere coepit, quō in cōnsiliō
nōnnūllae huius modī sententiae dīcēbantur#, 3, 3, 1, _calling a council
of war, he proceeded to ask their opinion, and in this council some
opinions of the following import were set forth_. #centuriōnēs hostēs
vocāre coepērunt; quōrum prōgredī ausus est nēmō#, 5, 43, 6, _the
officers proceeded to call the enemy; but not a man of them ventured to
step forward_. #perūtilēs Xenophōntis librī sunt; quos legite studiōsē#,
_CM._ 59, _Xenophon’s works are extremely profitable reading; so do read
them attentively_. In Plautus this use is rare; but it becomes more and
more prevalent, and in the time of Cicero the relative is one of the
commonest connectives.
1836. From this use of the relative come many introductory formulas,
such as #quō factō#, #quā rē cōgnitā#, #quae cum ita sint#, &c., &c.
1837. A connective #quod# is often used before #sī#, #nisi#, or #etsī#,
less frequently before #quia#, #quoniam#, #utinam#, #quī#, &c.
This #quod# may be translated _so_, _but_, _now_, _whereas_, _as to
that_, &c., or it is often best omitted in translation. See 2132.