#quis# or #quī#; #quispiam#.
2388. #quis# or #quī#, a, _some_, _somebody_, always stands after one or
more words of the sentence. #quis# or #quī# is used after #sī# (#nisi#,
#sīve#), #nē#, #num#, #utrum#, #an#, #quō#, or #quandō#, in preference
to #aliquis#, unless emphasis is intended.
#dīxerit quis#, _Off._ 3, 76, _somebody may say_. #malum quod tibī dī
dabunt#, Pl. _Am._ 563, _some curse the gods will bring upon thee_. #hī,
sī quid erat dūrius, concurrēbant; sī quī equō dēciderat,
circumsistēbant#, 1, 48, 6, _if there was ever any sharpish work, these
men would rally; if a man fell from his horse, they would close round
him_. #praecipit atque interdīcit ūnum omnēs peterent Indutiomarum, neu
quis quem vulneret#, 5, 58, 4, _he charges them and forbids them; they
were all to assail Indutiomarus alone; and nobody was to wound anybody_
(2402).
2389. #quispiam#, _a_, _some_, _one or another_.
#forsitan quispiam dīxerit#, _Off._ 3, 29, _peradventure somebody may
say_. #quispiam dīcet#, _V._ 3, 111, _somebody will say_. #cum quaepiam
cohors impetum fēcerat, hostēs vēlōcissimē refugiēbant#, 5, 35, 1,
_every time one or another cohort charged, the enemy fled back quick
speed_ (2394).
#aliquis.#
2390. #aliquis# or #aliquī# _some one_, _some one or other_, has always
some affirmative emphasis, and is opposed to the idea of _all_, _much_,
_none_: as,
#nōn enim dēclāmātōrem aliquem dē lūdō, sed perfectissimum quaerimus#,
_O._ 47, _for it is not some spouter from school that we aim to find,
but the ideal orator_. #omnēs ut aliquam perniciōsam bēstiam fugiēbant#,
_Clu._ 41, _everybody avoided him, like some dangerous wild animal or
other_. #audē aliquid Gyarīs dīgnum sī vīs esse aliquid#, J. 1, 73,
_venture some deed that deserves transportation, if you care to be
something grand_. #nōn sine aliquā spē#, _D._ 7, _not without some
hope_. #quaerō sitne aliqua āctiō an nūlla#, _Caec._ 33, _I ask whether
there is some ground for an action or none_. #num igitur aliquis dolor
post mortem est?# _TD._ 1, 82, _is there, then, some sense of pain after
death?_ With emphasis after #sī# (2388): #sī aliquid dē summā gravitāte
Pompēius, multum de cupiditāte Caesar remīsisset, aliquam rem pūblicam
nōbīs habēre licuisset#, _Ph._ 13, 2, _if Pompey had sacrificed really
something of his importance, and Caesar a good deal of his ambition, we
might have had what would have been to some degree a commonwealth_.
2391. #aliquis# is sometimes equivalent to #aliquis alius#: as,
#cum M. Pīsōne et cum Q. Pompēiō aut cum aliquō#, _Br._ 310, _with Piso
or Pompey or some other man_. #ea mihī cottīdiē aut tūre aut vīnō aut
aliquī semper supplicat#, Pl. _Aul. prol._ 23, _she always offers me
incense or wine or something else every day_.
#quīdam.#
2392. #quīdam#, _a_, _a certain_, denotes a thing which we cannot
describe or do not care to.
#nōn inrīdiculē quīdam ex mīlitibus decimae legiōnis dīxit: plūs quam
pollicitus esset, Caesarem facere#, 1, 42, 6, _one of the privates of
the Tenth said a very dry thing: that ‘Caesar was doing more than he
engaged to.’_ #accurrit quīdam nōtus mihi nōmine tantum#, H. _S._ 1, 9,
3, _up trots a man I knew by name alone_. #assimilis quīdam mūgituī
sonus#, Suet. _Galb._ 18, _a mysterious sound like the lowing of a cow_.
#vidēmus nātūram suō quōdam itinere ad ultimum pervenīre#, _DN._ 2, 35,
_nature reaches perfection by a kind of road of her own_. Often in
translations from Greek: as, #aliīs librīs ratiōnem quandam per omnem
nātūram rērum pertinentem vī dīvīnā esse adfectam putat#, _DN._ 1, 36,
_in other works he supposes ‘a kind of Reason pervading all nature and
endowed with divine power_, of Zeno’s doctrine.
2393. #quīdam# is often used to soften an exaggeration or a metaphor,
sometimes to denote contempt.
#ēloquentissimōs hominēs innumerābilīs quōsdam nōminābat#, _DO._ 1, 91,
_great speakers he named, absolutely without number_. #ad omnīs enim
meōs impetūs quasi mūrus quīdam bonī nōmen imperātōris oppōnitur#, _V._
5, 2, _for against all assaults of mine the name of a good commander is
set up, like a regular wall_. #sed aliud quoddam fīlum ōrātiōnis tuae#,
_L._ 25, _but there is quite a different fibre to your speech_. #nōn est
eōrum urbānitāte quādam quasi colōrāta ōrātiō#, _Br._ 170, _their
language lacks the tinge of an indefinable metropolitan element_.
#Theomnāstus quīdam, homo rīdiculē īnsānus#, _V._ 4, 148, _a person of
the name of Theomnastus, an absurd, crack-brained creature_.
[Erratum:
2392 ... he supposes ‘a kind of Reason pervading all nature and
endowed with divine power
mismatched open quote in original; author’s meaning unclear
(work cited does not use explicit quotation marks)]
#quisque.#
2394. #quisque#, _each_, _each in particular_, _each by himself_,
applies what is stated of all to each several case, out of a number more
than two.
#laudātī prō cōntiōne omnēs sunt, dōnātīque prō meritō quisque#, L. 38,
23, 11, _they were collectively commended in assembly convened, and
received presents, each in proportion to his deserts_. #quotiēns quaeque
cohors prōcurrerat, magnus numerus hostium cadēbat#, 5, 34, 2, _as the
cohorts successively charged, a great number of the enemy fell every
time_ (2389). #mēns cuiusque, is est quisque, nōn ea figūra quae digitō
dēmōnstrārī potest#, _RP._ 6, 26, _the mind of a man is always the man,
and not that shape which can be pointed out by the finger_.
2395. #quisque# is sometimes used in a relative and demonstrative
sentence both.
#quod cuique obtigit, id quisque teneat#, _Off._ 1, 21, _let every man
keep what he has got_. #id enim est cuiusque proprium, quō quisque
fruitur atque ūtitur#, _Fam._ 7, 30, 2, _for that is always a man’s
property which he has the enjoyment and use of_.
2396. In a complex sentence, consisting of a main and a relative
sentence, #quisque# is usually expressed but once, and then in the
unemphatic relative sentence. In English, the equivalent of #quisque#
goes with the main sentence.
#nēmō fuit quī nōn surrēxerit, tēlumque quod cuique fors offerēbat,
adripuerit#, _V._ 4, 95, _not a man but sprang from his bed, and seized
in every instance such a weapon as chance threw in his way_. #theātrum
cum commūne sit, rēctē tamen dīcī potest, eius esse eum locum, quem
quisque occupārit#, _Fin._ 3, 67, _though the theatre is open to all,
still it may be said with perfect propriety, that each spectator is
entitled to the seat he has taken_. #Messānam ut quisque nostrūm
vēnerat, haec vīsere solēbat#, _V._ 4, 5, _any Roman, who went to
Messana, invariably went to see these statues_ (1939). #eōrum ut quisque
prīmus vēnerat, sub mūrō cōnsistēbat#, 7, 48, 2, _as they successively
arrived, each man of them took his stand under the wall_.
2397. #quisque# is often used with #sē# or #suus#, superlatives, and
ordinals, holding an unemphatic place _after_ these words: as,
#ipse sē quisque dīligit#, _L._ 80, _a man always loves his own self_.
#suos quoique mōs#, T. _Ph._ 454, _every man his own way_. #huic prō sē
quisque nostrūm medērī velle dēbēmus#, _L. Agr._ 1, 26, _this evil we
ought to wish to remedy, according to our several abilities_. #optimum
quidque rārissimum est#, _Fin._ 2, 81, _ever the fairest is the rarest_.
#nam in forō vix decumus quisquest, quī ipsus sēsē nōverit#, Pl. _Ps._
973, _for in the marketplace there’s scarce one man in every ten that
knows himself_. #quīntō quōque annō Sicilia tōta cēnsētur#, _V._ 2, 139,
_at the end of every four years all Sicily is assessed_. #quamquam
prīmum quidque explicēmus#, _Fam._ 12, 1, 1, _but stay--let me explain
things successively_; or, _one thing after another_. #litterās mīsit, ut
is ānulus ad sē prīmō quōque tempore adferrētur#, _V._ 4, 58, _he sent a
letter directing said ring to be sent to him without delay_.
2398. In old Latin #quisque# is sometimes equivalent to #quīcumque# or
#quisquis#, _whoever_: as, #quisque obviam huic occesserit īrātō,
vāpulābit#, Pl. _As._ 404, _whoever meets him in his wrath will catch
it_. In #cuiusque generis# and #cuiusque modī#, it means _any and
every_: as, #tot hominēs cuiusque modī#, _V._ 4, 7, _so many people of
every sort_, i.e. #cuicuimodī#. The neuter #quidquid# for #quidque# is
not uncommon: as, #cum prōcessit paulum et quātenus quicquid sē attingat
perspicere coepit#, _Fin._ 5, 24, _when it has progressed a little and
has begun to discover how far each thing affects it_. Masculine
#quisquis# for #quisque# is doubtful (see _Fam._ 6, 1, 1).
#uterque.#
2399. #uterque#, _each_, is used of two individuals, and #utrīque# of
two sets or parties. But sometimes #utrīque# is used of two individuals.
(_a._) #ut illa nātūra caelestis et terrā vacat et ūmōre, sīc utriusque
hārum rērum hūmānus animus est expers#, _TD._ 1, 65, _even as the
heavenly nature is free from the earthy and the humid, so the soul of
man has no part in either of these qualities_ (1243). #nūtū tremefactus
uterque est polus#, O. _F._ 2, 489, _at his nod trembled each pole_
(1243). #Aetōliōrum utraeque manūs Hēraclēam sēsē inclūsērunt#, L. 36,
16, 5, _both bands of the Aetolians shut themselves up in Heraclea_.
(_b._) #sex fīliī nōbīs, duae fīliae sunt, utraeque iam nūptae#, L. 42,
34, 4, _we have six sons and two daughters, both already married_.
2400. Reciprocal relations (2344) are sometimes expressed by #uterque#
followed by a different case of #alter#; rarely by #uterque# and a
different case of the same word.
(_a._) #quōrum uterque contempsit alterum#, _Off._ 1, 4, _each of whom
lightly esteemed the other_. (_b._) #abdūcī nōn potest :: quī nōn
potest? :: quia uterque utrīquest cordī#, T. _Ph._ 799, _she’s not to be
taken from him :: why isn’t she? :: because they’re heart to heart_.
This doubling of #uterque# is found only half a dozen times; not in
Cicero.
#quīvīs# and #quīlibet#; #utervīs# and #uterlibet#.
2401. #quīvīs# and #quīlibet#, _any you please_, are used either in
affirmative or negative sentences. When two are spoken of, #utervīs# or
#uterlibet# is used.
(_a._) #ut quīvīs intellegere posset#, _V._ 5, 17, _so that any fool
might know_. #faciat quidlubet#, T. _Hau._ 464, _let him do anything he
likes_. (_b._) #quī utramvīs rēctē nōvit, ambās nōverit#, T. _Andr.
prol._ 10, _who knows either well, knows both_. #utrumlibet ēlige#,
_Quinct._ 81, _choose either you like_.
#quisquam# and #ūllus#.
2402. #quisquam# (692), _a single one_, _any one at all_, and #ūllus#,
_any_, are used chiefly in negative sentences or in interrogative,
conditional, and comparative sentences implying negation, or with
#sine#.
#vēnī Athēnās, neque mē quisquam ibī̆ adgnōvit#, _TD._ 5, 104, _I came
to Athens and not a person there knew me_ (1659). #interdīcit omnibus,
nē quemquam interficiant#, 7, 40, 4, _he warns them collectively against
killing any man at all_ (2388). #hunc suā quisquam sententiā ex hāc urbe
expellet?# _Mil._ 104, _will anybody at all, by his vote, banish this
man from Rome?_ #quis hoc fēcit ūllā in Scythiā tyrannus?# _Pis._ 18,
_what tyrant ever did this in any Scythia?_ #sī quisquam est timidus, is
ego sum#, _Fam._ 6, 14, 1, _if anybody is timid, I am the man_. #quī
saepius cum hoste cōnflīxit quam quisquam cum inimīcō concertāvit#,
_IP._ 28, _who has measured swords oftener with the enemy than anybody
ever wrangled with an opponent in private life_. #sine ūllō metū in
ipsum portum penetrāre coepērunt#, _V._ 5, 96, _without a bit of fear
they began to make their way right into the harbour_. #nēmō quisquam#
and #nihil quicquam# are old and late: as, #lepidiōrem uxōrem nēmō
quisquam habet#, Pl. _Cas._ 1008, _nobody has a jollier wife_. #noster
malī nīl quicquam prīmō#, T. _Ph._ 80, _our young master didn’t make any
trouble at first_.
2403. #nēmō# is generally used for #nōn quisquam#, #nēmō umquam# for
#numquam quisquam#, #nihil# for #nōn quicquam#, and #nūllus# for #nōn
ūllus#. If only two are spoken of, #neuter# is used. The plural #neutrī#
is used of two parties.
#nēmōst miserior mē#, T. _Hau._ 263, _no man’s unhappier than I_. #nēmō
igitur vir magnus sine aliquō adflātū dīvīnō umquam fuit#, _DN._ 2, 167,
_nobody who is a great man was ever without some divine inspiration_.
#ab nūllō ille līberālius quam ā Cluentiō trāctātus est#, _Clu._ 161,
_by no man has he been treated more generously than by Cluentius_.
#neutrum eōrum contrā alterum iuvāre#, Caes. _C._ 1, 35, 5, _to help
neither of them against the other_. #neutrī alterōs prīmō cernēbant#, L.
21, 46, 4, _neither party saw the others at first_.
(D.) NUMERALS.
2404. Numerals are divided into Adjectives: _Cardinal_, #ūnus#, _one_,
#duo#, _two_, &c.; _Ordinal_, #prīmus#, _first_, #secundus#, _second_,
&c.; _Distributive_, #singulī#, _one each_, #bīnī#, _two each_, &c.; and
Numeral Adverbs: #semel#, _once_, #bis#, _twice_, &c.
For the inflection of numerals, see 637-643.
[Transcriber’s Note:
The following section was printed as a single large table, spanning
two facing pages. It has been reformatted for this text.]
2405.
ARABIC.
CARDINALS.
ORDINALS.
DISTRIBUTIVES.
NUMERAL ADVERBS.
ROMAN.
1
ūnus, _one_ (638)
prīmus, _first_ (643)
singulī, _one each_ (643)
semel, _once_
I
2
duo, _two_ (639)
secundus, _second_
bīnī, _two each_
bis, _twice_
II
3
trēs, _three_ (639)
tertius, _third_
ternī, trīnī, _three each_
ter, _thrice_
III
4
quattuor, _four_
quārtus, _fourth_
quaternī, _four each_
quater, _four times_
IIII or IV
5
quīnque, _five_
quīntus, _fifth_
quīnī, _five each_
quīnquiēns, _five times_
V
6
sex, _six_
sextus, _sixth_
sēnī, _six each_
sexiēns, _six times_
VI
7
septem, _seven_
septimus, _seventh_
septēnī, _seven each_
septiēns, _seven times_
VII
8
octō, _eight_
octāvus, _eighth_
octōnī, _eight each_
octiēns, _eight times_
VIII
9
novem, _nine_
nōnus, _ninth_
novēnī, _nine each_
noviēns, _nine times_
VIIII or IX
10
decem, _ten_
decimus, _tenth_
dēnī, _ten each_
deciēns, _ten times_
X
11
ūndecim, _eleven_
ūndecimus, _eleventh_
ūndēnī, _eleven each_
ūndeciēns, _eleven times_
XI
12
duodecim
duodecimus
duodēnī
duodeciēns
XII
13
tredecim
tertius decimus
ternī dēnī
terdeciēns
XIII
14
quattuordecim
quārtus decimus
quaternī dēnī
quater deciēns
XIIII or XIV
15
quīndecim
quīntus decimus
quīnī dēnī
quīndeciēns
XV
16
sēdecim
sextus decimus
sēnī dēnī
sēdeciēns
XVI
17
septendecim
septimus decimus
septēni dēnī
septiēns deciēns
XVII
18
duodēvīgintī
duodēvīcēsimus
duodēvīcēnī
octiēns deciēns
XVIII
19
ūndēvīgintī
ūndēvīcēsimus
ūndēvīcēnī
noviēns deciēns
XVIIII or XIX
20
vīgintī, _twenty_
vīcēsimus, _twentieth_
vīcēnī, _twenty each_
vīciēns, _twenty times_
XX
21
vīgintī ūnus or ūnus et vīgintī
vīcēsimus prīmus or ūnus et vīcēsimus
vīcēnī singulī or singulī et vīcēnī
vīciēns semel or semel et vīciēns
XXI
22
vīgintī duo or duo et vīgintī
vīcēsimus alter or alter et vīcēsimus
vīcēnī bīnī or bīnī et vīcēnī
vīciēns bis or bis et vīciēns
XXII
28
duodētrīgintā
duodētrīcēsimus
duodētrīcēnī
duodētrīciēns
XXVIII
29
ūndētrīgintā
ūndētrīcēsimus
ūndētrīcēnī
*ūndētrīciēns
XXVIIII or XXIX
30
trīgintā
trīcēsimus
trīcēnī
trīciēns
XXX
40
quadrāgintā
quadrāgēsimus
quadrāgēnī
quadrāgiēns
XXXX or Xↆ
50
quīnquāgintā
quīnquāgēsimus
quīnquāgēnī
quīnquāgiēns
ↆ
60
sexāgintā
sexāgēsimus
sexāgēnī
sexāgiēns
ↆX
70
septuāgintā
septuāgēsimus
septuāgēnī
septuāgiēns
ↆXX
80
octōgintā
octōgēsimus
octōgēnī
octōgiēns
ↆXXX
90
nōnāgintā
nōnāgēsimus
nōnāgēnī
nōnāgiēns
ↆXXXX or XC
99
ūndēcentum
ūndēcentēsimus
ūndēcentēnī
*ūndēcentiēns
ↆXXXXVIIII or XCIX
100
centum, _one hundred_
centēsimus, _one hundredth_
centēnī, _a hundred each_
centiēns, _a hundred times_
C
101
centum ūnus or centum et ūnus
centēsimus prīmus or centēsimus et prīmus
centēnī singulī
centiēns semel or centiēns et semel
CI
200
ducentī (641)
ducentēsimus
ducēnī
ducentiēns
CC
300
trecentī
trecentēsimus
trecēnī
trecentiēns
CCC
400
quadringentī
quadringentēsimus
quadringēnī
quadringentiēns
CCCC
500
quīngentī
quīngentēsimus
quīngēnī
quīngentiēns
D
600
sescentī
sescentēsimus
sescēnī
sescentiēns
DC
700
septingentī
septingentēsimus
septingēnī
septingentiēns
DCC
800
octingentī
octingentēsimus
octingēnī
octingentiēns
DCCC
900
nōngentī
nōngentēsimus
nōngēnī
nōngentiēns
DCCCC
1,000
mīlle, _thousand_ (642)
mīllēsimus, _thousandth_
singula mīllia, _a thousand each_
mīlliēns, _a thousand times_
ↀ
2,000
duo mīllia
bis mīllēsimus
bīna mīllia
bis mīlliēns
ↀↀ
5,000
quīnque mīllia
quīnquiēns mīllēsimus
quīna mīllia
quīnquiēns mīlliēns
ↁ
10,000
decem mīllia
deciēns mīllēsimus
dēna mīllia
deciēns mīlliēns
ↂ
50,000
quīnquāgintā mīllia
quīnquāgiēns mīllēsimus
quīnquāgēna mīllia
quīnquāgiēns mīlliēns
ↇ
100,000
centum mīllia
centiēns mīllēsimus
centēna mīllia
centiēns mīlliēns
ↈ
1,000,000
deciēns centēna mīllia
deciēns centiēns mīllēsimus
deciēns centēna mīllia
deciēns centiēns mīlliēns
[symbol]
[Erratum:
2405 ... quadringentēsimus
quādringentēsimus]
[Transcriber’s Note:
In this section, [--] represents a letter or image that could not be
reproduced in plain text.]