1818. (2.) Relative sentences of characteristic or result are equivalent
to subjunctive sentences introduced by #ut#, _so as to_, _so that_
(1947).
The main sentence sometimes has a word denoting character, such as #is#,
#eius modī#, rarely #tālis#: as, #neque is sum, quī mortis perīculō
terrear#, 5, 30, 2, _but I am not the man to be scared by danger of
death, no not I_. Often, however, character is intimated by the mood
alone: as, #secūtae sunt tempestātēs quae nostrōs in castrīs
continērent#, 4, 34, 4, _there followed a succession of storms to keep
our people in camp_. #quod miserandum sit labōrātis#, _DN._ 3, 62, _you
struggle away to a pitiable degree_. Sentences of result are an
extension of the subjunctive of action conceivable (1554).
1819. The subjunctive with #quī# is often used with #dignus#,
#indignus#, or #idōneus#, usually with a form of #sum#: as, #Līviānae
fābulae nōn satis dignae quae iterum legantur#, _Br._ 71, _Livy’s plays
are not worth reading twice_. #nōn erit idōneus quī ad bellum mittātur#,
_IP._ 66, _he will not be a fit person to be sent to the war_. Twice
thus, #aptus#, once in Cicero, once in Ovid. In poetry and late prose
these adjectives sometimes have the infinitive. #dignus# and #indignus#
have also #ut# in Plautus, Livy, and Quintilian.
1820. Relative subjunctive sentences are sometimes coordinated by #et#
or #sed#, with a substantive, adjective, or participle: as, #audāx et
coetūs possit quae ferre virōrum#, J. 6, 399, _a brazen minx, and one
quite capable of facing crowds of men_.
1821. Relative sentences after assertions or questions of existence or
non-existence, usually take the subjunctive: as,
#sunt quī putent#, _TD._ 1, 18, _there be people to think_, _there be
who think_, or _some people think_. #nēmō est quī nesciat#, _Fam._ 1, 4,
2, _there is nobody that doesn’t know_. #sapientia est ūna quae
maestitiam pellat ex animīs#, _Fin._ 1, 43, _wisdom is the only thing to
drive sadness from the soul_.
1822. Such expressions are: #est (exsistit, exortus est), quī#; #sunt
(reperiuntur, nōn dēsunt), quī#; #nēmō est, quī#; #quis est, quī#;
#sōlus# or #ūnus est, quī#; #est, nihil est, quod#; #quid est, quod?#
#habeō, nōn habeō, nihil habeō, quod#, &c., &c. Indefinite subjects are
sometimes used with these verbs: as, #multī#, #quīdam#, #nōnnūllī#,
#aliī#, #paucī#; sometimes appellatives: as, #hominēs#, #philosophī#.
1823. The indicative, however, is not infrequently found in affirmative
sentences, particularly in old Latin and in poetry: as, #sunt quōs sciō
esse amīcōs#, Pl. _Tri._ 91, _some men there are I know to be my
friends_. #interdum volgus rēctum videt, est ubi peccat#, H. _E._ 2, 1,
63, _sometimes the world sees right, there be times when it errs_. #sunt
item, quae appellantur alcēs#, 6, 27, 1, _then again there are what they
call elks_.
[Erratum:
1823 ... #sunt quōs sciō esse amīcōs#, Pl. _Tri._ 91
printed . for ,]