+--------+------------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|Examples| pater, | dolor, | flōs, | genus, |
| | _father_, | _pain_, | _flower_, | _race_, |
| Stems | patr-, M. | dolōr-, M. | flōr-, M. | gener-, Ne. |
+--------+------------+------------+-------------+-------------+
|Singular| | | | |
| _Nom._ | pater | dolor | flōs | genus |
| _Gen._ | patris | dolōris | flōris | generis |
| _Dat._ | patrī | dolōrī | flōrī | generī |
| _Acc._ | patrem | dolōrem | flōrem | genus |
| _Abl._ | patre | dolōre | flōre | genere |
+--------+------------+------------+-------------+-------------+
| Plural | | | | |
| _Nom._ | patrēs | dolōrēs | flōrēs | genera |
| _Gen._ | patrum | dolōrum | flōrum | generum |
| _Dat._ | patribus | dolōribus | flōribus | generibus |
| _Acc._ | patrēs | dolōrēs | flōrēs | genera |
| _Abl._ | patribus | dolōribus | flōribus | generibus |
+--------+------------+------------+-------------+-------------+
488. Many stems in #-r-# ended originally in #-s-#, which became #-r-#
between two vowels, and in some words in the nominative also (154): as,
#flōs#, M., _flower_, G. #*flōsis#, #flōris#; #honōs#, M., _honour_, G.
#honōris#, N. #honor#.
489. (_a._) Examples of stems in #-r-#, with nominative #-r#, genitive
#-ris#, are:
#-ar#, #-aris#
#baccar#, Ne., _a plant_; #iūbar#, Ne., rarely M., _bright sky_,
no Pl.
#-ār#, #-aris#
#lār#, M., _household god_; G. Pl. #larum#; two or three times
#larium#.
#-ār#, #-arris#
#fār# (171, 1), Ne., _spelt_; Pl. only N. and Ac. #farra#.
#-er#, #-eris#
Masculines: #acipēnser#, _sturgeon_; #agger#, _mound_; #ānser#,
rarely F., _goose_; #asser#, _pole_; #carcer#, _jail_; #later#,
_brick_; #mulier#, F., _woman_; #passer#, _sparrow_; #vōmer#,
_ploughshare_. Neuters: #cadāver#, _corpse_; #tūber#, _swelling_;
#ūber#, _breast_; #verberis#, G., _lash_, no N., generally Pl.;
#acer#, _maple_, and some other plant names: see 573. #pauper#,
_poor_, adjective.
#-ter#, #-tris#
#accipiter#, M., _hawk_; #frāter#, M., _brother_; #māter#, F.,
_mother_; #pater#, M., _father_.
#-ēr#, #-ēris#
#vēr#, Ne.; no Pl.
#-or#, #-oris#
#aequor#, Ne., _sea_; #marmor#, Ne., _marble_; #arbor#, F., _tree_.
#-or#, #-ōris#
#olor#, M., _swan_; #soror#, F., _sister_; #uxor#, F., _wife_.
Many masculines in #-or# for #-ōs# (237): as, #odor#, _smell_; and
in #-tor#, #-tōris# (205): as, #amātor#, _lover_. Also gender
comparatives of adjectives: as, #trīstior# (346), M., F., _sadder_.
#-ur#, #-oris#
Neuters: #ebur#, _ivory_; Pl. only #ebora#; #rōbur#, _heart of oak_;
Pl. #rōbora# common, #rōborum# and #rōboribus# twice each. Also
#femur#,_thigh_, #femoris# or #feminis#, and #iecur#, _liver_,
#iecoris#, #iecineris#, or #iocineris#.
#-ur#, #-uris#
#augur#, M., F., _augur_; #furfur#, M., _bran_; #turtur#, M., F.,
_turtle-dove_; #voltur# or #vultur#, M., _vulture_. Neuters:
#fulgur#, _lightning_; #guttur#, rarely M., _throat_; #murmur#,
_murmur_; #sulpur#, _sulphur_. #cicur#, _tame_, adjective.
#-ūr#, #-ūris#
#fūr#, M., _thief_.
490. #volucris#, F., _bird_, stem #volucr-#, has its nominative formed
like that of #-i-# stems.
491. (_b._) Examples of stems in #-s-#, or #-r-# for #-s-#, with
nominative #-s#, genitive #-ris#, are:
#-aes#, #-aeris#
#aes#, Ne., _copper_, _bronze_; in the Pl. only #aera# and #aerum#
are usual.
#-ēs#, #-eris#
#Cerēs#. #pūbēs#, _mangrown_; #impūbēs#, _immature_, adjectives;
for the last more commonly #impūbis#, like #brevis# (630).
#-is#, #-eris#
#cinis#, M., _ashes_; #cucumis#, M., _cucumber_, also with #-i-#
stem; #pulvis#, M., _dust_; #vōmis#, M., _ploughshare_.
#-ōs#, #-oris#
#arbōs#, F., _tree_.
#-ōs#, #-ōris#
Masculines: #flōs#, _flower_; #mōs#, _custom_; #rōs#, _dew_, no
G. Pl. (430); #lepōs#, _grace_; #honōs# or #honor#, _honour_, and
some old Latin words for later #-or#: as, #odōs# or #odor#, _smell_
(489). #ōs#, Ne., _mouth_, _face_, no G. Pl. (430).
#-us#, #-eris#
Neuters: #acus#, _husk_; #foedus#, _treaty_; #fūnus#, _funeral_;
#genus#, _race_; #glŏ̄mus# (134), _clew_; #holus#, _green stuff_;
#latus#, _side_; #mūnus#, _gift_; #onus#, _burden_; #opus#, _work_;
#pondus#, _weight_; #raudus# or #rūdus#, _piece of copper_;
#scelus#, _crime_; #sīdus#, _constellation_; #ulcus#, _sore_;
#vellus#, _fleece_; #vīscus#, _bowel_, usually plural; #volnus#
or #vulnus#, _wound_. Also #Venus#, F., and #vetus#, _old_,
adjective.
#-us#, #-oris#
Neuters: #corpus#, _body_; #decus#, _grace_; #dēdecus#, _disgrace_;
#facinus#, _deed_; #faenus#, _interest_; #frīgus#, _cold_; #lītus#,
_shore_; #nemus#, _grove_; #pectus#, _breast_; #pecus#, _flock_;
#penus#, _store_; #pignus#, _pledge_; #stercus#, _dung_; #tempus#,
_time_; #tergus#, _back_. Also #lepus#, M., _hare_.
#-us#, #-ōris#
Neuter comparatives of adjectives: as, #trīstius# (346), _sadder_.
#-ūs#, #-ūris#
Neuters: #crūs#, _leg_; #iūs#, _right_, Pl. #iūra#, G. Pl. twice
only (Plaut.; Cato), no D. or Ab. Pl.; #iūs#, _broth_, #pūs#,
_pus_, #rūs#, _country_, #tūs#, _frankincense_, Pl. only N. and Ac.
#iūra#, &c. #tellūs#, F., _earth_.
492. #vās#, Ne., _vessel_, _utensil_, retains the #s# between two
vowels: G. #vāsis#, D. #vāsī#, Ab. #vāse#, plural N. and Ac. #vāsa#; the
G. #vāsōrum#, and D. and Ab. #vāsis#, are formed from an #-o-# stem,
#vāso-# (401). #mēnsis#, M., _month_, #mēnsis#, has its nominative
formed like that of #-i-# stems; G. Pl. #mēnsum#, sometimes #mēnsuum# or
#mēnsium#. #os# (171, 1) Ne., _bone_, #ossis#, has no G. Pl. in good
writers (430): #ossium# late.
493. The two neuters #vīrus#, _gall_, _poison_, and #volgus# or
#vulgus#, _the crowd_, have #-o-# stems, except in the nominative and
accusative (401), and no plural: thus, N. and Ac. #volgus#, G. #volgī#,
D. and Ab. #volgō#. A masculine accusative #volgum# is sometimes found.
The Greek neuter #pelagus#, _the deep_, has also G. #pelagī#, D. and Ab.
#pelagō#, Pl. N. and Ac. #pelagē# (508).
[Erratum:
489a ... Also #femur#, _thigh_
#femur# _thigh_]