1417. The ablative is accompanied by the following prepositions:
#abs#, #ab#, or #ā#, _from_, #cōram#, _face to face_, #dē#, _down from_,
_from_, _of_, #ex# or #ē#, _out of_, #prae#, _at the fore_, _in front
of_, #prō#, _before_, #quom# or #cum#, _with_, #sine#, _without_. In
official or legal language, also #sēd# or #sē#, _without_. For the
different classes of ablatives with these prepositions, see 1297-1300;
for the various shades of meanings and applications, see the dictionary.
1418. Prepositions which accompany the ablative may be easily remembered
in this order:
abs (ab, ā), cum, cōram, dē,
prae, prō, sine, ex (or ē).
1419. The ablative #fīnī#, _as far as_, is used in old Latin as a
preposition with the ablative: as, #osse fīnī#, Pl. _Men._ 859, _down to
the bone_. #operītō terrā rādīcibus fīnī#, Cato, _RR._ 28, 2, _cover
with loam the length of the roots_. Also, as a real substantive, with a
genitive (1255): as, #ānsārum īnfimārum fīnī#, Cato, _RR._ 113, 2, _up
to the bottom of the handles_. Rarely #fīne#, and before the genitive:
as, #fīne genūs#, O. 10, 537, _as far as the knee_.
1420. #tenus#, _the length_, was originally a substantive accusative
(1151). From Cicero on, it is used as a preposition with the ablative,
and standing after its case: as, #Taurō tenus#, _D._ 36, _not further
than Taurus_. #pectoribus tenus#, L. 21, 54, 9, _quite up to the
breast_. #hāctenus#, _thus far_, _only thus far_. Also, as a real
substantive, with a genitive, usually a plural, mostly in verse (1232):
as, #labrōrum tenus#, Lucr. 1, 940, _the length of the lips_, _up to the
lips_. #Cūmārum tenus#, Cael. in _Fam._ 8, 1, 2, _as far as Cumae_.
1421. The adverbs #palam#, _in presence of_, #procul#, _apart from_,
either _near_ or _far_, #simul#, _with_, are rarely used in poetry and
late prose as prepositions with the ablative. #coram# occurs but once as
a preposition (inscriptional) before Cicero’s time. #absque# with the
ablative occurs once each in Cicero and Quintilian; in Plautus and
Terence only in a coordinate protasis (1701; 2110).