2265. In the ablative a transitive gerund with a substantive object is
not uncommon.
#frātrem laudandō#, _Leg._ 1, 1, _in quoting your brother_. #largē
partiendō praedam#, L. 21, 5, 5, _by a lavish distribution of the
spoil_. This use is particularly common in Livy. Not in Caesar.
2266. (1.) The ablative of the gerundive construction or gerund denotes
means, less often cause, rarely manner and circumstances, or time, or
respect.
Means: #Caesar dandō sublevandō īgnōscundō, Catō nihil largiundō glōriam
adeptus est#, S. _C._ 54, 3, _Caesar gained reputation by giving,
helping, and pardoning, Cato by lavishing no gifts_. #opprimī
sustentandō ac prōlātandō nūllō pactō potest#, _C._ 4, 6, _it cannot be
crushed by patience and procrastination_. Livy has this ablative with
the adjective #contentus# (1377): #nec iam possidendīs pūblicīs agrīs
contentōs esse#, 6, 14, 11, _that they were no longer satisfied with the
occupation of the public lands_. Cause: #aggerundā curvom aquā#, Pl.
_Cas._ 124, _bowed with water carrying_. #flendō turgidulī rubent
ocellī#, Cat. 3, 18, _with weeping red and swollen are her eyne_. Manner
and circumstances: rare in old Latin and Cicero: not in Caesar: #bellum
ambulandō cōnfēcērunt#, Caelius in _Fam._ 8, 15, 1, _they strolled
through the war_. #senex vincendō factus#, L. 30, 28, 5, _maturing in
victories_. Time: #cum plausum meō nōmine recitandō dedissent#, _Att._
4, 1, 6, _when they had applauded on the reading of my name_. #partibus
dīvidendīs ipsī regiō ēvēnit#, L. 25, 30, 6, _at the distribution, the
district fell to him_. Respect: #Latīnē loquendō cuivīs erat pār#, _Br._
128, _in his use of Latin he was a match for anybody_.
2267. (2.) The ablative of the gerundive construction or gerund is also
accompanied by a preposition, #ab#, #dē#, #in#, or #ex#; rarely by
#prō#.
#nūllum tempus illī umquam vacābat aut ā scrībendō aut ā cōgitandō#,
_Br._ 272, _he never had any time free from writing or from thinking_.
#quod verbum ductum est ā nimis intuendō fortūnam alterīus#, _TD._ 3,
20, _a word which is derived from ‘looking too closely at’ another’s
prosperity_, of the word #invidia#. #cōnsilium illud dē occlūdendīs
aedibus#, T. _Eu._ 784, _that idea about barring up the house_. #nihil
dē causā discendā praecipiunt#, _DO._ 2, 100, _they give no instruction
about studying up a case_. #vostra ōrātiō in rē incipiundā#, T. _Ph._
224, _your remarks when we started in with this affair_. #Āfricānī in rē
gerundā celeritātem#, _V._ 5, 25, _Africanus’s swiftness in execution_.
#vix ex grātulandō ēminēbam#, Pl. _Cap._ 504, _I barely got my head
above their congratulations_. #quae virtūs ex prōvidendō est appellāta
prūdentia#, _Leg._ 1, 60, _a virtue which from ‘foreseeing’ is called
foresight_. #prō līberandā amīcā#, Pl. _Per._ 426, _for setting free a
leman_. #prō ope ferendā#, L. 23, 28, 11, _instead of going to the
rescue_. In this use #ab# is not found in Plautus or Terence, nor #prō#
in Terence. #cum# is found in Quintilian, #super# once in Horace, then
in Tacitus, #sine# once in Varro.
2268. With a comparative expression, the ablative of the gerundive is
found once: #nūllum officium referendā grātiā magis necessārium est#,
_Off._ 1, 47, _no obligation is more binding than the returning of a
favour_. The gerundive construction in the ablative of separation (1302)
is found rarely in Livy and Pliny the younger; Livy has also the gerund:
as, #Verminam absistere sequendō coēgit#, L. 29, 33, 8, _he forced
Vermina to abandon his pursuit_.