#hīc.#
2347. #hīc# points out what is near the speaker in place, time, or
thought: as,
#hī domum mē ad sē auferent#, Pl. _Men._ 847, _these fellows will hale
me off to their house_. #nōn mē exīstimāvī in hōc sermōne usque ad hanc
aetātem esse ventūrum#, _Br._ 232, _I did not think that in this
discourse I should get down to the present generation_. #reliquum omne
tempus huius annī#, _V._ 1, 30, _all the rest of this year_.
2348. #hīc# sometimes points out the speaker with pathos, or with
emphasis, particularly in comedy.
#haec arma et hunc mīlitem propitiō flūmine accipiās#, L. 2, 10, 11,
_receive these arms and this soldier in thy gracious stream_, the prayer
of Horatius Cocles to Father Tiber. #tibī̆ erunt parāta verba, huic
hominī verbera#, T. _Hau._ 356, _you’ll get a chiding, this child a
hiding_. #fēcisset nī haec praesēnsisset canēs#, Pl. _Tri._ 172, _and
he’d have done it, unless this dog had got scent of it in time_, where
the speaker means himself.
2349. The neuter plural #haec# sometimes means _the realm_, _our
country_, _our state_, _the [Roman] world_: as,
#haec, quae iam prīdem vastāre studēs#, _C._ 1, 21, _the realm which you
have long sought to lay in ruins_. #quī haec dēlēre cōnātī sunt#, _C._
4, 7, _who have tried to destroy the state_. #servus est nēmō quī nōn
haec stāre cupiat#, _C._ 4, 16, _there lives no slave that wills not our
country should abide_.
2350. #hīc#, as expressing a familiar, every-day thing, occasionally has
a shade of contempt, either alone, or with #volgāris#, #cottīdiānus# or
the like: as,
#mittit hominī mūnera satis largē, haec ad ūsum domesticum#, _V._ 4, 62,
_he sent him some presents--pretty liberal ones, commonish things for
household use_. #mittō hāsce artīs volgārīs, coquōs, pistōrēs#, _RA._
134, _I’ll skip your everyday common occupations--such as cooks, bakers,
&c., &c._ #taedet cottīdiānārum hārum fōrmārum#, T. _Eu._ 297, _I’m sick
of your everyday beauties_.
2351. When #hīc# relates to the words of a sentence, it points out what
has preceded or is to follow, or emphasizes a word referred to by a
preceding relative.
For #hīc# used to introduce a new sentence, see 2129.
#haec habuī dē senectūte quae dīcerem#, _CM._ 85, _this was what I had
to say on Old Age_. #sed haec hāctenus; nunc ad ostenta veniāmus#,
_Div._ 2, 53, _so much for this; let us now go on to portents_. #fēcit
pācem hīs condiciōnibus#, N. 8, 3, 1, _he made peace on the following
terms_. #dīcitur locūtus in hanc ferē sententiam esse#, L. 6, 40, 2, _it
is said that he spoke to somewhat the following effect_. #quaesierat ex
mē Scīpiō quidnam sentīrem dē hōc quod duo sōlēs vīsōs esse cōnstāret#,
_RP._ 1, 19, _Scipio had asked me what I thought about this, that it was
generally agreed that two suns had been seen_.
2352. #hīc# and #ille# are often opposed, particularly in contrasts of
classes: as,
#laudātur ab hīs, culpātur ab illīs#, H. _S._ 1, 2, 11, _one side
praises him, the other condemns_. #illud est album, hoc dulce, canōrum
illud, hoc bene olēns, hoc asperum#, _Ac._ 2, 21, _that is white, this
is sweet, that sonorous, this fragrant, this rough_. #ōrātor, nōn ille
volgāris sed hīc excellēns#, _O._ 45, _an orator, not of the common
sort, but the superior one of whom we are speaking_.
2353. In transitions, #ille# introduces a new thing, #hīc# denotes _the
aforementioned_: as,
#sed haec vetera; illud vērō recēns, Caesarem meō cōnsiliō interfectum#,
_Ph._ 2, 25, _but this is all ancient history; here, however, is
something new, that Caesar was killed at my suggestion_.
2354. When #hīc# and #ille# refer to two different persons or things
named in the sentence, #hīc# commonly refers to the nearer word, #ille#
to the remoter word; or #hīc# sometimes refers to what is nearer the
mind of the speaker, even though it be remoter in the sentence.
(_a._) #Caesar beneficiīs ac mūnificentiā magnus habēbātur, integritāte
vītae Catō. Ille mānsuētūdine et misericordiā clārus factus, huic
sevēritās dignitātem addiderat#, S. _C._ 54, 2, _Caesar was esteemed
great for his liberality and generosity, Cato for his unsullied life.
The former became famous through his humanity and mercy, the latter’s
dignity was heightened by his austerity._ (_b._) #cavē Catōnī antepōnās
nē istum quidem ipsum quem Apollō, ut ais, sapientissimum iūdicāvit:
huius enim facta, illīus dicta laudantur#, _L._ 10, _suffer not Cato to
find a rival even in your man himself, whom, as you say, Apollo declared
wisest of mankind; for our Cato is renowned for deeds, the other for
doctrines_.
2355. #hīc# and #ille# are used together, chiefly in poetry, to explain
something past by a present thing: as,
#hunc illum poscere fāta reor#, V. 7, 272, _this I think is he whom the
fates require_. #hunc illum fātīs externā ab sēde profectum portendī
generum#, V. 7, 255, _this was the man whom destiny foretold should fare
from foreign home to be his son-in-law_.
#iste.#
2356. #iste# points out something near to, belonging to, or imputed to
the person addressed: as,
#cum istā sīs auctōritāte, nōn dēbēs adripere maledictum ex triviō#,
_Mur._ 13, _carrying the influence that you do, you ought not to take to
street-corner abuse_. #multae istārum arborum meā manū sunt satae#,
_CM._ 59, _many of the trees you see there were planted by my own hand_.
#salem istum quō caret vestra nātiō, inrīdendīs nōbīs nōlītōte
cōnsūmere#, _ND._ 2, 74, _do not waste in ridiculing us that wit which
your fraternity sadly needs_. Often with #tuus# or #vester#: as, #īsdem
hīc sapiēns dē quō loquor oculīs quibus iste vester intuēbitur#, _Ac._
2, 105, _the sage of whom I speak will look with the same eyes as the
sage you boast of_.
2357. From its use in addressing opponents or in talking at them, #iste#
is common in contemptuous phrases: as,
#tū istīs faucibus, istīs lateribus, istā gladiātōriā tōtīus corporis
firmitāte#, _Ph._ 2, 63, _you with that gullet of yours, those swollen
flanks, that prizefighter’s bulky make-up_. #nōn erit ista amīcitia, sed
mercātūra quaedam#, _ND._ 1, 122, _such a thing will not be a
friendship, but a sort of traffic_.
#ille.#
2358. #ille# points to what is remote in place, time, or thought: as,
#ergō illī intellegunt quid Epicūrus dīcat, ego nōn intellegō?# _Fin._
2, 13, _do those gentlemen then understand what Epicurus means and I
not?_ #populus Rōmānus nihil aequē atque illam veterem iūdiciōrum vim
gravitātemque requīrit#, _Caecil._ 8, _the Roman people miss nothing so
much as the ancient vigour and firmness attaching to public trials_.
#hīs autem dē rēbus sōl mē ille admonuit ut brevior essem#, _DO._ 3,
209, _but on these topics yonder sun has warned me to be pretty brief_.
For other examples, see 2352-2355.
2359. #ille# is used to point out a celebrity, often one of the past.
So, particularly without a proper name, in allusive style, referring to
what is famed in story.
(_a._) #hīc est ille Dēmosthenēs#, _TD._ 5, 103, _this is the famous
Demosthenes_. #Athēniēnsis ille Themistoclēs#, _DO._ 2, 299,
_Themistocles the great, of Athens_. #illud Solōnis#, _CM._ 50, _Solon’s
memorable words_. #Mēdēa illa#, _IP._ 22, _Medea famed in story_. (_b._)
#vīribus ille cōnfīsus periīt#, J. 10, 10, _the man in the story lost
his life through confidence in his strength_. #illae rēgiae lacrimae#,
Plin. _Ep._ 3, 7, 13, _the monarch’s historic tears_, of Xerxes.
2360. Indicating change of subject, #ille# is _this other man_. In such
cases it is often best expressed in English by a proper name or a
descriptive word.
#ad sē adulēscentem iussit venīre. at ille, ut ingressus est, cōnfestim
gladium dēstrīnxit#, _Off._ 3, 112, _he gave orders to admit the young
man. But this other, the moment he entered, drew his sword._ #rūsticus
expectat dum dēfluat amnis: at ille lābitur et lābētur#, H. _E._ 1, 2,
42, _he is a peasant waiting for the river to go down: but the river
flows and will flow on_.
2361. In concessions, #ille# often precedes #quidem#; in translation no
pronoun is required.
#librī scrīptī incōnsīderātē ab optimīs illīs quidem virīs, sed nōn
satis ērudītīs#, _TD._ 1, 6, _books rashly written by men respectable
enough but of insufficient education_. #est tarda illa medicīna, sed
tamen magna#, _TD._ 3, 35, _it is a powerful remedy, though slow in its
working_. #hīc#, #is#, and #iste# are used rarely in this way.
2362. In poetry #ille# may serve: (1.) To repeat a thing with emphasis:
as,
#arma virumque canō Trōiae quī prīmus ab ōrīs Ītaliam vēnit, multum ille
et terrīs iactātus et altō#, V. 1, 1, _arms and the man I sing, from
Troja’s shore the first to come to Italy, much tossed that man by land
and sea_.
2363. (2.) To emphasize the second of two ideas: as,
#nunc dextrā ingemināns ictūs, nunc ille sinistrā#, V. 5, 457, _now with
his right redoubling blows, now mighty with his left_. #nōn tamen
Euryalī, non ille oblītus amōrum#, V. 5, 334, _still not Euryalus
forgetting, no, not he his love!_
2364. (3.) As a provisional subject, to anticipate the real subject, and
keep the attention in suspense till the real subject comes with
emphasis: as,
#ac velut ille canum morsū dē montibus altīs āctus aper substitit#, V.
10, 707, _and e’en as he, goaded by bite of hounds from mountains high,
the boar hath paused_.