1316. The ablative is used to denote cause, influence, or motive: as,
#madeō metū#, Pl. _Most._ 395, _I’m drenched with dread_. #tū
imprūdentiā lāberis#, _Mur._ 78, _you, sir, slip from inadvertence_.
#maerōre et lacrimīs cōnsenēscēbat#, _Clu._ 13, _she just pined away in
sorrow and tears_. #īrā incendor#, Pl. _Ps._ 201, _I’m getting hot with
wrath_. #premor lūctū#, _Att._ 3, 22, 3, _I am bowed down with grief_.
#quod ego nōn superbiā faciēbam#, _DO._ 1, 99, _I did not act thus from
superciliousness, not I_. #nōn movētur pecūniā#, _V._ 4, 18, _he is not
moved by money_. #boat caelum fremitū virūm#, Pl. _Am._ 232, _the welkin
rings with roar of men_. #dēlictō dolēre, corrēctiōne gaudēre#, _L._ 90,
_be pained by the sin, take pleasure in the reproof_. #aetāte nōn quīs
optuērier#, Pl. _Most._ 840, _owing to age thou canst not see_. #Iovis
iussū veniō#, Pl. _Am. prol._ 19, _at Jove’s behest I come_. #Sēiānus
nimiā fortūnā sōcors#, Ta. 4, 39, _Sejanus giddy with over-prosperity_.
#ferōx praedā glōriāque exercitus#, Ta. _H._ 1, 51, _the army flushed
with booty and glory_. #exercitūs nostrī interitus ferrō#, _Pis._ 40,
_the annihilation of our army by the sword_ (1301).
1317. Instead of the ablative, other constructions often occur,
especially with verbs used transitively; such are:
(_a._) Prepositional phrases with #dē# or #ex#, in Varro and Livy with
#ab#; also with #ob#, #per#, or #propter#: as, #multī in oppidum propter
timōrem sēsē recipiunt#, Caes. _C._ 2, 35, 6, _a good many retreated to
the town from fear_. Sometimes with #prae#: as, #prae amōre exclūstī
hunc forās#, T. _Eu._ 98, _it was for love you turned him out of doors_:
in classical Latin, usually of hindrance: as, #sōlem prae iaculōrum
multitūdine nōn vidēbitis#, _TD._ 1, 101, _you won’t see the sun for the
cloud of javelins_. (_b._) Circumlocutions with #causā#, less frequently
with #grātiā# (1257). (_c._) Ablatives absolute, or participles,
particularly auxiliary participles with an ablative to express cause,
oftener motive, such as #captus#, #ductus#, #excitātus# or #incitātus#,
#impulsus#, #incēnsus#, #īnflammātus#, #mōtus#, #perterritus#: as,
#nōnnūllī pudōre adductī remanēbant#, 1, 39, 3, _some stuck by from
shame_.
1318. The person by whom the action of a passive verb is done, is
denoted by the ablative with #ab# or #ā#. Also occasionally with verbs
equivalent to a passive, such as #cadō#, #intereō#, #pereō#, #vēneō#,
&c., &c. Things or animals are sometimes represented as persons by the
use of #ab#: as, #animus bene īnfōrmātus ā nātūrā#, _Off._ 1, 13,
_a soul meetly fashioned by dame nature_. See 1476-1478.
1319. In poetry, an ablative denoting a person, with an adjective in
agreement, is sometimes equivalent to an expression with an abstract
substantive: as, #et adsiduō ruptae lēctōre columnae#, J. 1, 13, _and
pillars by persistent reader riven_, i.e. #adsiduitāte lēctōris#, or
#adsiduā lēctiōne#. #cūrātus inaequālī tōnsōre capillōs#, H. _E._ 1, 1,
94, _my locks by unsymmetric barber trimmed_.