(A.) THE LOCATIVE PROPER.
1331. (1.) Singular proper names of towns and of little islands are put
in the locative to denote the place in or at which action occurs: as,
#quid Rōmae faciam? mentīrī nescio#, J. 3, 41, _what can I do in Rome?
I don’t know how to lie_. #Corinthī et Karthāginī#, _Agr._ 2, 90, _at
Corinth and at Carthage_. #Lacedaemonī#, N. _praef._ 4, _in Lacedaemon_.
#Tīburī#, _Att._ 16, 3, 1, _at Tibur_. #Rhodī#, _Fam._ 4, 7, 4, _at
Rhodes_. #mānsiōnēs diutinae Lēmnī#, T. _Ph._ 1012, _protracted stays at
Lemnos_ (1301). Sometimes in dates: as, #data Thessalonīcae#, _Att._ 3,
20, 3, _given at Thessalonica_ (1307). The locative rarely means _near_:
as, #Antiī#, L. 22, 1, 10, _round about Antium_. In Plautus only two
singular town names with consonant stems occur, and these regularly in
the locative, #Carthāginī# and #Sicyōnī#, three times each; once in a
doubtful example, #Sicyōne#, _Cist._ 128. Terence has no examples of
these stems. From Cicero on, the locative ablative is commoner with them
(1343).
1332. With an adjective attribute also, the locative is used: as, #Teānī
Āpulī#, _Clu._ 27, _at the Apulian Teanum_. #Suessae Auruncae#, L. 32,
9, 3, _at the Auruncan Suessa_. The appellative #forum#, _market place_,
used, with an attribute, as a proper name, is sometimes put in the
accusative with #ad#: as, #Claternae, ad Forum Cornēlium#, _Fam._ 12, 5,
2, _at Claterna and at Forum Cornelium_; sometimes in the locative
ablative: #Forō Iūlī#, Plin. _Ep._ 5, 19, 7.
1333. When the locative is further explained by an appellative
following, the appellative is put in the locative ablative, either
alone, or with #in#: as, #Antiochīae, celebrī quondam urbe#, _Arch._ 4,
_at Antioch, once a bustling town_. #Neāpolī, in celeberrimō oppidō#,
_RabP._ 26, _at Neapolis, a town swarming with people_. An appellative
in the ablative with #in# may be further defined by a proper name in the
locative: as, #duābus in īnsulīs, Melitae et Samī#, _V._ 5, 184, _in two
islands--at Melita and Samos_. #in oppidō, Antiochīae#, _Att._ 5, 18, 1,
_within town walls--at Antioch_. #in sēcessū, Apollōniae#, Suet. _Aug._
94, _out of town--at Apollonia_. Or in the ablative: as, #in oppidō
Citiō#, N. 5, 3, 4, _in the town of Citium_. #in urbe Rōmā#, L. 39, 14,
7, _in the city of Rome_.
1334. In Plautus, singular town names with stems in #-ā-# or #-o-# are
put in the locative ten or twelve times, in the ablative with #in# some
fifteen times. Three such have only #in#, never the locative: #in
Anactoriō#, _Poen._ 896, #in Seleuciā#, _Tri._ 901, #in Spartā#, _Poen._
663; furthermore, #in Epidamnō#, _Men._ 267, 380 twice, #in Ephesō#,
_B._ 309, _MG._ 441, 778, and #in Epidaurō#, _Cur._ 341, 429, _E._ 540,
541, 554, but also #Epidamnī#, _Men. prol._ 51, #Ephesī#, _B._ 336,
1047, _MG._ 648, and #Epidaurī#, _E._ 636. Terence, who has only #-o-#
stems, uses the locative six times, the ablative with #in# four times:
only with #in#: #in Andrō#, _Andr._ 931, #in Imbrō#, _Hec._ 171.
Furthermore #in Lēmnō#, _Ph._ 873, 1004 but also #Lēmnī#, _Ph._ 680,
942, 1013. Also #Mīlētī#, _Ad._ 654, #Rhodī#, _Eu._ 107, #Sūniī#, _Eu._
519.
1335. A town name is sometimes put in the ablative with #in# by
assimilation with a parallel #in#: as, #in Illyricō, in ipsā
Alexandrēā#, _Att._ 11, 16, 1, _in Illyricum, and at Alexandrea itself_.
#Antiochum in Syriā, Ptolemaeum in Alexandrīā esse#, L. 42, 26, 7. _that
Antiochus was in Syria, Ptolemy at Alexandria_. #in mōnte Albānō
Lāvīniōque#, L. 5, 52, 8, _on the Alban mount and at Lavinium_. Also
without assimilation: as, #nāvis et in Caiētā est parāta nōbīs et
Brundusiī#, _Att._ 8, 3, 6, _we have a vessel all chartered, one in
Cajeta and one at Brundusium_. #in Hispalī#, Caes. _C._ 2, 18, 1, _in
Hispalis_.
1336. With country names, the locative is very exceptional: as,
#Chersonēsī#, N. 1, 2, 4, _at the Peninsula_. #Aegyptī#, Val. M. 4, 1,
15, _in Egypt_. Similarly #Accheruntī#, Pl. _Cap._ 689, 998, _Mer._ 606,
_Tru._ 749, _in Acheron_; #Accherunte# however once: #Accheruntest#, Pl.
_Poen._ 431. In Sallust, #Rōmae Numidiaeque#, _I._ 33, 4, with
assimilation of #Numidiae# to #Rōmae#.
1337. (2.) The locatives #domī#, #rūrī#, #humī#, and rarely #orbī#, are
used like proper names of towns: as,
(_a._) #cēnābō domī#, Pl. _St._ 482, _I shall dine at home_.
Metaphorically, #domī est#, #nāscitur#, or #habeō#, _I can get at home_,
_I need not go abroad for_, or _I have in plenty_: as, #id quidem domī
est#, _Att._ 10, 14, 2, _as for that, I have it myself_. With a
possessive pronoun or #aliēnus# in agreement, either the locative is
used, or the ablative with #in#; for #domuī#, as, _Off._ 3, 99, see 594;
with other adjectives the ablative with #in#. (_b._) #rūrī#, T. _Ph._
363, _up in the country_; for #rūre#, see 1344 and 1345. (_c._) #humī#,
_on the ground_, or _to the ground_, in Terence first: as, #hunc ante
nostram iānuam appōne :: obsecrō, humīne?# T. _Andr._ 724, _set down
this baby at our door :: good gracious; on the ground?_ #iacēre humī#,
_C._ 1, 26, _sleeping on bare ground_. (_d._) #orbī# with #terrae# or
#terrārum#: as, #amplissimum orbī terrārum monumentum#, _V._ 4, 82, _the
grandest monument in the wide wide world_.
1338. The locatives #bellī#, older #du͡ellī#, and #mīlitiae# are
sometimes used in contrast with #domī#: as, #domī du͡ellīque#, Pl. _Cap.
prol._ 68, #domī bellīque#, L. 2, 50, 11, #domī mīlitiaeque#, _TD._ 5,
55, #mīlitiae et domī#, T. _Ad._ 495, _at home and in the field_. Rarely
without #domī#: as, #bellī#, _RP._ 2, 56, #mīlitiae#, S. _I._ 84, 2.
1339. (3.) Other appellatives rarely have the locative: as, #proxumae
vīcīniae#, Pl. _B._ 205, _MG._ 273, _in the next neighbourhood_.
#terrae#, L. 5, 51, 9, _in the earth_. With verbs of suspense, doubt,
and distress, and with many adjectives, #animī#, _in soul_, is not
infrequent; and #animī# being mistaken for a genitive, #mentis# is also
used: as, #dēsipiēbam mentis#, Pl. _E._ 138, _I was beside myself_.
Oftener #animō# (1344).
1340. Many original locatives have become set as adverbs: as, #peregrī#,
_abroad_. Particularly of pronouns: as, #illī#, Pl. _Am._ 249, _off
there_, oftener #illīc#; #istī# or #istīc#, #hīc#; sometimes further
defined by an added expression: as, #hīc vīcīniae#, T. _Ph._ 95, _here
in the neighbourhood_. #hīc proxumae vīcīniae#, _MG._ 273, _here in the
house next door_. #hīc in Veneris fānō me͡a͡e vīcīniae#, Pl. _R._ 613,
_here, in the shrine of Venus, in my neighbourhood_. #hīc Rōmae#,
_Arch._ 5, _here in Rome_.
1341. The locative proper sometimes denotes time when: as, #lūcī#, _by
light_, #temperī#, _betimes_, #herī# or #here#, _yesterday_, #vesperī#,
_at evening_, #herī vesperī#, _DO._ 2, 13, _last evening_. In Plautus,
#diē septimī#, _Men._ 1156, _Per._ 260, _on the seventh day_, #māne sānē
septimī#, _Men._ 1157, _bright and early on the seventh_, #diē
crāstinī#, _Most._ 881, _tomorrow_. Often with an adjective juxtaposed:
as, #postrīdiē#, _the day after_, #postrīdiē māne#, _Fam._ 11, 6, 1,
_early next day_, #cōtīdiē#, _each day_, _daily_, #prīdiē#, _the day
before_.
[Errata:
1331 ... #mānsiōnēs diutinae Lēmnī#
text unchanged: expected form diūtinae
1340 ... #hīc in Veneris fānō me͡a͡e vīcīniae#
The vowels “eae” are joined with a single ligature]
(B.) THE ABLATIVE USED AS LOCATIVE.