(A.) #ut#, _where_.
1936. #utī# or #ut# in the rare signification of _where_, accompanies
the indicative: as, #atque in eōpse adstās lapide, ut praecō praedicat#,
Pl. _B._ 815, _and there you stand right on the auction block, just
where the crier always cries_. #sīve in extrēmōs penetrābit Indōs, lītus
ut longē resonante Eōā tunditur undā#, Cat. 11, 2, _or shall he pierce
to farthest Ind, where by the long-resounding eastern wave the strand is
lashed_. In classical Latin, #ut# in this sense is used only by the
poets, as here and there in Lucilius, Catullus, Cicero’s _Aratēa_, and
Vergil. #ubī̆# is the word regularly used. For #ut#, _when_, see 1923.
(B.) #ut#, _as_.
1937. The indicative is used in the protasis of a comparative period
introduced by #utī# or #ut#, _as_.
#ut# often has as a correlative #ita#, #item#, #itidem#, #sīc#,
#perinde#, or #similiter#, and sometimes in old Latin and poetry
#aequē#, #adaequē#, #pariter#, #nōn aliter#, #nōn secus#, #īdem#. #sīc#
is sometimes drawn to the protasis, making #sīcutī#, #sīcut#; #utī# is
sometimes strengthened by #vel#, making #velutī#, #velut#, _even as_,
_just as_. #quemadmodum# often, and #quōmodo# sometimes, stands for
#ut#. For the use of #ut# in old Latin in sentences in which classical
Latin would employ the indirect question, see 1791. For coordinated
comparative sentences without #ut#, see 1704.
#perge ut īnstituistī#, _RP._ 2, 22, _go on as you have begun_. #ut
volēs mēd esse, ita erō#, Pl. _Ps._ 240, _as you will have me be, so
will I be_ (1625). #ut sēmentem fēceris, ita metēs#, _DO._ 2, 261, _as
you sow, y’are like to reap_ (1626). #ut nōn omnem frūgem in omnī agrō
reperīre possīs, sīc nōn omne facinus in omnī vītā nāscitur#, _RA._ 75,
_every crime does not start into being in every life, any more than you
can find every fruit in every field_ (1731). Also in asseverations: #ita
mē dī amābunt, ut ego hunc auscultō lubēns#, Pl. _Aul._ 496, _so help me
heaven, as I am glad to hear this man_ (1622).
1938. #ut . . . ita# or #sīc#, _as . . . so_, often stand where
concessive and adversative conjunctions might be used; _while . . .
nevertheless_, _although ... yet_, _certainly . . . but_: as,
#ut nihil bonī est in morte, sīc certē nihil malī#, _L._ 14, _while
there is nothing good after death, yet certainly there is nothing bad_.
#quō factō sīcut glōriam auxit, ita grātiam minuit#, Suet. _Oth._ 1, _by
this action he increased his reputation, but lessened his popularity_.
#nec ut iniūstus in pāce rēx, ita dux bellī prāvus fuit#, L. 1, 53, 1,
_but while he was an unjust king in peace, he was not a bad leader in
war_. This adversative correlation is found sometimes in Cicero, but is
far more common in late writers.
1939. #ut quisque#, commonly with a superlative expression, is used in
the protasis of a comparative period of equality, with #ita# or #sīc#
and commonly another superlative expression in the apodosis: as,
#ut quaeque rēs est turpissima, sīc maximē vindicanda est#, _Caec._ 7,
_the more disgraceful a thing is, the more emphatically does it call for
punishment_. #ut quisque optimē Graecē scīret, ita esse nēquissimum#,
_DO._ 2, 265, _that the better Greek scholar a man was, the greater
rascal he always was_ (1722). This construction is often abridged: as,
#sapientissimus quisque aequissimō animō moritur#, _CM._ 83, _the sage
always dies with perfect resignation_. #optimus quisque praeceptor
frequentiā gaudet#, Quint. 1, 2, 9, _the best teachers always revel in
large classes_. See 2397.
1940. #ut# often introduces a parenthetical idea, particularly a general
truth or a habit which accounts for the special fact expressed in the
main sentence: as,
#nēmō, ut opīnor, in culpā est#, _Clu._ 143, _nobody, as I fancy, is to
blame_. #excitābat flūctūs in simpulō, ut dīcitur, Grātidius#, _Leg._ 3,
36, _Gratidius was raising a tempest in a teapot, as the saying is_.
#paulisper, dum sē uxor, ut fit, comparat, commorātus est#, _Mil._ 28,
_he had to wait a bit, as is always the case, while his wife was putting
on her things_. #hōrum auctōritāte adductī, ut sunt Gallōrum subita
cōnsilia, Trebium retinent#, 3, 8, 3, _influenced by these people they
detain Trebius, as might have been expected, sudden resolutions being
always characteristic of the Gauls_. #sēditiōne nūntiātā, ut erat laenā
amictus, ita vēnit in cōntiōnem#, _Br._ 56, _an outbreak was reported,
and he came to the meeting all accoutred as he was, with his sacrificial
robe on_. Often elliptically: as, #acūtī hominis, ut Siculī#, _TD._ 1,
15, _a bright man, of course, being a Sicilian_. #Aequōrum exercitus, ut
quī permultōs annōs imbellēs ēgissent, trepidāre#, L. 9, 45, 10, _the
army of the Aequians alarmed and irresolute, and naturally, since they
had passed a great many years without fighting_ (1824, 1827).
1941. #ut#, _as for example_, is used in illustrations, particularly in
abridged sentences (1057): as,
#genus est quod plūrēs partēs amplectitur, ut ‘animal.’ pars est, quae
subest generī, ut ‘equos,’# _Inv._ 1, 32, _a class is what embraces a
number of parts, as ‘living thing’; a part is what is included in a
class, as ‘horse.’_ #sunt bēstiae in quibus inest aliquid simile
virtūtis, ut in leōnibus, ut in canibus#, _Fin._ 5, 38, _there are
brutes in which there is a something like the moral quality of man, as
for instance the lion and the dog_.
1942. The parenthetical clause with #ut# or #prout# sometimes makes an
allowance for the meaning of a word, usually an adjective, in the main
sentence: as,
#cīvitās ampla atque flōrēns, ut est captus Germānōrum#, 4, 3, 3,
_a grand and prosperous community, that is according to German
conceptions_. #ut captus est servōrum, nōn malus#, T. _Ad._ 480, _not a
bad fellow, as slaves go_. #Sthenius ab adulēscentiā haec comparārat,
supellēctilem ex aere ēlegantiōrem, tabulās pīctās, etiam argentī bene
factī prout Thermītānī hominis facultātēs ferēbant, satis#, _V._ 2, 83,
_Sthenius had been a collector from early years of such things as
artistic bronzes, pictures; also of curiously wrought silver a goodly
amount, that is as the means of a Thermae man went_. Often in abridged
sentences: as, #scrīptor fuit, ut temporibus illīs, lūculentus#, _Br._
102, _he was a brilliant historian for the times_. #multae etiam, ut in
homine Rōmānō, litterae#, _CM._ 12, _furthermore, extensive reading,
that is for a Roman_. #ut illīs temporibus, praedīves#, L. 4, 13, 1,
_a millionaire, for those times_.
1943. #ut#, _as indeed_, _as in fact_, with the indicative, is used to
represent that an action supposed, conceded, or commanded, really
occurs: as,
#sit Ennius sānē, ut est certē, perfectior#, _Br._ 76, _grant, for aught
I care, that Ennius is a more finished poet, as indeed he is_. #utī erat
rēs, Metellum esse ratī#, S. _I._ 69, 1, _supposing that it was
Metellus, as in fact it was_. This use begins in the classical period.
It is found particularly with #quamvīs#, 1905; with #sī#, see 2017.
1944. #ut#, _as_, _like_, sometimes shows that a noun used predicatively
is not literally applicable, but expresses an imputed quality or
character: as,
#Cicerō ea quae nunc ūsū veniunt cecinit ut vātēs#, N. 25, 16, 4,
_Cicero foretold what is now actually occurring, like a bard inspired_.
#canem et faelem ut deōs colunt#, _Leg._ 1, 32, _they bow the knee to
dog and cat as gods_. #quod mē sīcut alterum parentem dīligit#, _Fam._
5, 8, 4, _because he loves me like a second father_. #rēgiae virginēs,
ut tōnstrīculae, tondēbant barbam patris#, _TD._ 5, 58, _the princesses
used to shave their father, just like common barber-girls_. In an untrue
or a merely figurative comparison #tamquam# (1908) or #quasi# is used.
1945. In old Latin, #prae# is combined with #ut#: #praeut#, _compared
with how_: as, #parum etiam, praeut futūrumst, praedicās#, Pl. _Am._
374, _you say too little still compared with how ’twill be_. #praeut# is
sometimes followed by a relative clause: as, #lūdum iocumque dīcet
fuisse illum alterum, praeut huius rabiēs quae dabit#, T. _Eu._ 300,
_he’ll say the other was but sport and play, compared with what this
youth will in his frenzy do_.
1946. In Plautus #sīcut#, with the indicative, has once or twice the
meaning of _since_: as, #quīn tū illam iubē abs tē abīre quō lubet:
sīcut soror eius hūc gemina vēnit Ephesum#, _MG._ 974, _why, bid her go
away from you wherever she may choose, since her twin sister here to
Ephesus is come_.