885. (1.) Some shorter forms in the perfect system are principally found
in old Latin.
886. (_a._) Shorter forms in the perfect indicative, the pluperfect
subjunctive, and the infinitive, most of them from perfects in #-s-#
(867), occur chiefly in verse: thus,
Perfect indicative, second person singular, common: as, #dīxtī# (Plaut.,
Ter., Cic.); plural, rare: as, #accestis# (Verg.). Pluperfect
subjunctive singular, not very common: as, #exstīnxem# (Verg.),
#intellēxēs# (Plaut.), #vīxet# (Verg.); plural, once only, #ērēpsēmus#
(Hor.). Infinitive, #dīxe# (Plaut.), #cōnsūmpse# (Lucr.).
887. (_b._) A perfect subjunctive stem in #-sī-# or in #-ssī-#, and a
future perfect indicative stem in #-s{o|e-}# or in #-ss{o|e-}#, occur
chiefly in old laws and prayers, and in dramatic verse: as,
Perfect subjunctive: #faxim#, #faxīs#, FAXSEIS (inscr. 145 B.C.),
#faxit#, #faxīmus#, #faxītis#, #faxint#; #ausim#, #ausīs#, #ausit#;
#locāssim#, #amāssīs#, #servāssit#, #amāssint#, #prohibēssīs#,
#prohibēssit#, #cohibēssit#, #licēssit#.
Future perfect indicative: #faxō#, #faxis#, #faxit#, #faxitis#, #capsō#,
#recepsō#, #iussō#, #occīsit#, #capsimus#; #levāssō#, #invītāssitis#,
#mulcāssitis#, #exoculāssitis#, #prohibēssis#, #prohibēssint#.
Denominatives in #-āre# have also, in old Latin, a future perfect
infinitive: as, #impetrāssere#.
888. Passive inflections, as future perfect #faxitur#, #turbāssitur#,
deponent MERCASSITVR (inscr. 111 B.C.), are very rare; and, indeed, with
the exception of #faxō# and #ausim#, even the active forms had become
antiquated by 150 B.C. Denominatives in #-īre# never have the above
formations. But #ambiō#, _canvass_, is thought to have a future perfect
#ambīssit# twice (Plaut. prol.).
889. (2.) Shortened forms from perfect stems formed by the suffix #-v-#
(869) are very common in all periods.
890. (_a._) In tenses formed from perfect stems in #-āv-#, #-ēv-#, and
#-ōv-#, #v# is often dropped before #-is-#, #-ēr-#, or #-er-#, and the
vowels thus brought together are contracted (153, 1): as,
#laudāvistī#, #laudāstī#; #laudāvistis#, #laudāstis#; #laudāvērunt#,
#laudārunt# (but the form in #-re#, as #laudāvēre#, is never
contracted); #laudāverim#, #laudārim#, &c.; #laudāveram#, #laudāram#,
&c.; #laudāvissem#, #laudāssem#, &c.; #laudāverō#, #laudārō#, &c.;
#laudāvisse#, #laudāsse#.
#-plēvistī#, #-plēstī#; #-plēvistis#, #-plēstis#; #-plēvērunt#,
#-plērunt#; #plēverim#, #-plērim#, &c.; #-plēveram#, #-plēram#, &c.;
#-plēvissem#, #-plēssem#, &c.; #-plēverō#, #-plērō#, &c.; #-plēvisse#,
#-plēsse#.
#nōvistī#, #nōstī#; #nōvistis#, #nōstis#; #nōvērunt#, #nōrunt#;
#nōverim#, #nōrim#, &c.; #nōveram#, #nōram#, &c.; #nōvissem#, #nōssem#,
&c.; #nōverō# always retains the #v#, but #cōgnōrō#, &c.; #nōvisse#,
#nōsse#.
891. The verbs in which #v# belongs to the root (864), are not thus
shortened, except #moveō#, mostly in compounds. From #iuvō#, #iuerint#
(Catull.), #adiuerō# (Enn.), once each, and twice #adiuerit# (Plaut.,
Ter.) are unnecessary emendations.
892. Contractions in the perfect before #-t# and #-mus# are rare: as,
#inrītāt#, #disturbāt#; #suēmus# or #su͡emus# (Lucr.), #nōmus# (Enn.),
#cōnsu͡emus# (Prop.).
893. (_b._) In tenses formed from perfect stems in #-īv-#, #v# is often
dropped before #-is-#, #-ēr-#, or #-er-#; but contraction is common only
in the forms which have #-is-#: as,
#audīvistī#, #audīstī#; #audīvistis#, #audīstis#; #audīvērunt#,
#audiērunt#; #audīverim#, #audierim#, &c.; #audīveram#, #audieram#, &c.;
#audīvissem#, #audīssem#, &c.; #audīverō#, #audierō#, &c.; #audīvisse#,
#audīsse#. Sometimes #audiī#, #audiit#, #audīt#. Intermediate between
the long and the short forms are #audīerās# and #audīerit#, once each
(Ter.). In the perfect subjunctive, #sinō# has #sīverīs# (Plaut., Cato),
#sīrīs# (Plaut., Cato, Liv.), #sīreis# (Pac.), or #seirīs# (Plaut.),
#sīrit# (Plaut., Liv.), #sīrītis# (Plaut.), #sīverint# (Plaut., Curt.),
#sierint# (Cic., Curt.), or #sīrint# (Plaut.). #dēsinō# is thought to
have #dēsīmus# in the perfect indicative a couple of times (Sen., Plin.
_Ep._).