1124. The accusative is used primarily with verbs, or with expressions
equivalent to verbs. The relations expressed by the accusative are all
of one general kind; but they vary somewhat, according to the nature of
the verb.
1125. I. With most verbs, the accusative either (_a._) denotes that
which is affected or apprehended, or is produced by the action of the
verb (1132); or, less frequently (_b._) it repeats the meaning of the
verb in the form of a substantive (1140).
Such accusatives, called accusatives of the _Object_, are never attended
by a preposition, and become nominative in the passive construction.
1126. II. With some verbs, the accusative denotes (_a._) extent or
duration (1151); with others it denotes (_b._) aim of motion (1157).
Both these accusatives sometimes have their places taken by a
prepositional expression, or by an adverb; in the passive construction,
they are not convertible into a nominative, but remain accusative.
1127. Two or even three accusatives are sometimes used with one and the
same verb: see 1167-1174.
1128. The accusative is sometimes disengaged from the verb, with which
it originally stood, and used with a noun or a preposition.
1129. (1.) With substantives, the accusative is rare; it is used (_a._)
in a few attributive expressions, chiefly old set forms, and rarely to
denote (_b._) aim of motion.
Thus (_a._) the predicative #id aetātis#, in #id aetātis iam sumus#, _we
are now of that age_, becomes attributive in #hominēs id aetātis#,
_people of that age_. And (_b._) as #domum#, _home_, is used with the
verb #redeō#, _go back_, so also rarely with the substantive #reditiō#,
_a return_.
1130. With adjectives, the accusative is commonly that of extent: so
with #altus#, _high_, #lātus#, _wide_, and #longus#, _long_, sometimes
with #crassus#, _thick_.
Thus, in #eōs surculōs facitō sint longī pedēs bīnōs#, _see that the
scions be two feet long_, the accusative #pedēs#, which belongs with the
predicate #sint longī#, may be used with the attributive adjective
#longus# alone, thus: #surculī longī pedēs bīnōs#, _scions two feet
long_.
1131. (2.) The accusative is used with many prepositions: see 1410.
[Erratum:
1130 ... and #longus#, _long_
#longus#.]