2109. Instead of a conditional protasis with #sī# or #nisi#, equivalents
are often used.
2110. Thus, the protasis may be coordinated (1701), or be introduced by
a relative pronoun (1812), by #quod# (1843), #cum# (1859, 1860), #ubī̆#
(1932), #ut# or #nē# (1963), #dum#, #dum modo#, #modo# (2003), or
#quandō# (2011). Or the protasis may be intimated by #sine#, _without_,
#cum#, _with_, by a participle or ablative absolute, by a wish, or
otherwise: as,
(_a._) #nēmō umquam sine magnā spē immortālitātis sē prō patriā offerret
ad mortem#, _TD._ 1, 32, _nobody would ever expose himself to death for
his country without a well-grounded conviction of immortality_. #cum hāc
dōte poteris vel mendīcō nūbere#, Pl. _Per._ 396, _with such a dowry you
can e’en a beggar wed_. #Sūlla, crēdō, hunc petentem repudiāsset#,
_Arch._ 25, _Sulla, I suppose, would have turned my client away, if he
petitioned him_. #quae legentem fefellissent, trānsferentem fugere nōn
possunt#, Plin. _Ep._ 7, 9, 2, _what would have escaped a reader can’t
escape a translator_. #vīvere ego Britannicō potiente rērum poteram?#
Ta. 13, 21, _as for me, could I live, if Britannicus were on the throne_
(2102)? #nisi tē salvō salvī esse nōn possumus#, _Marc._ 32, _without
you safe, safe we cannot be_. #aspicerēs utinam, Sāturnia: mītior
essēs#, O. 2, 435, _would thou couldst see, Saturnia; thou wouldst
gentler be_.
(_b._) #habet ōrātiōnem tālem cōnsul, quālem numquam Catilīna vīctor
habuisset#, _Sest._ 28, _he makes a speech--yes, and he a consul--such
as a Catiline would never have made, if flushed with success_.
#revereāris occursum, nōn reformīdēs#, Plin. _Ep._ 1, 10, 7, _you might
well be abashed in his presence, but you would not be afraid_. #dī
immortālēs mentem illī perditō ac furiōsō dedērunt ut huic faceret
insidiās; aliter perīre pestis illa nōn potuit#, _Mil._ 88, _the
immortal gods inspired that mad miscreant to waylay my client;
otherwise, that monster could not have been destroyed_. For the use of
#absque# in a coordinate protasis in Plautus and Terence, see 1701,
1421.
2111. The verb of the protasis is sometimes omitted: as in abridged
sentences (1057), or when it may be easily supplied (1036).
#aut enim nēmō, aut sī quisquam, ille sapiēns fuit#, _L._ 9, _for either
nobody or, if anybody, that was a wise man_. #sī ēveniet, gaudēbimus:
sīn secus, patiēmur#, Pl. _Cas._ 377, _if it shall come to pass, glad
shall we be; if else, we shall endure_. #mē voluisse, sī haec cīvitās
est, cīvem esse mē; sī nōn, exsulem esse#, _Fam._ 7, 3, 5, _that I
wished, if this is a commonwealth, to be a citizen of it; if it is not,
to be an exile_. #sūmeret alicunde . . . sī nūllō aliō pactō, faenore#,
T. _Ph._ 299, _he could have got it from somebody or other . . . if in
no other way, on usury_ (2113).