554. (_a._) These ablatives have only #-ī#:

secūrī, sitī, tussī, vī, _axe_, _thirst_, _cough_, _strength_

canālī, cucumī, _conduit_, _cucumber_

Some names of rivers and cities have only #-ī#: as, #Tiberī#, #Hispalī#.

The locative also ends in #-ī#: as, #Neāpolī#, _at Neapolis_.

555. (_b._) These ablatives of gender substantives with the nominative

in #-is# have #-ī# or #-e#:

amne, -ī, _river_

ave, -ī, _bird_

bīle, -ī, _bile_

cīvī, -e, _citizen_

classe, -ī, _fleet_

clāvī, -e, _key_

febrī, -e, _fever_

fūstī, -e, _club_

ignī, -e, _fire_

nāvī, -e, _ship_

orbī, -e, _circle_

puppī, -e, _stern_

sēmentī, -e, _planting_

strigilī, -e, _skin-scraper_

turrī, -e, _tower_

556. A few other words in #-is# have occasionally an ablative in #-ī#:

as, #anguis#, _snake_, #collis#, _hill_, #fīnis#, _end_, #postis#,

_post_, #unguis#, _nail_, &c. #sors#, _lot_, #imber#, _shower_, and

#lūx#, _light_, have also #-e# or #-ī#; #supellēx#, _furniture_, has

#supellēctilī# or #-e#; #Arar# has #-e# or #-ī#; #Liger#, #-ī# or #-e#.

557. Neuter names of towns with the nominative in #-e# have #-e# in the

ablative: as, #Praeneste#. #rēte#, _net_, has only #rēte#; #mare#,

_sea_, has rarely #mare# (527).

558. (2.) Adjectives ‘of two endings’ with stems in #-i-# (630) often

have #-e# in the ablative when they are used as substantives, and

sometimes in verse, when a short vowel is needed: as,

#adfīnī#, #-e#, _connection by marriage_; #aedīle#, #-ī#, _aedile_;

#familiārī#, #-e#, _friend_. But some, even as substantives, have #-ī#:

as, #aequālī#, _of the same age_, #cōnsulārī#, _ex-consul_, #gentīlī#,

_tribesman_. Adjectives of place in #-ēnsis# (330) usually have #-ī#,

but sometimes #-e#: as, #Tarquiniēnse#. Proper names have usually #-e#:

as, #Iuvenāle#.

559. Adjectives ‘of one ending’ with stems in #-i-# (632), have commonly

#-ī# in the ablative. The following ablatives have only #-ī#:

#āmentī#, _frenzied_, #ancipitī#, _two-headed_, #praecipitī#,

_head-first_, #concolōrī#, _of like hue_, #concordī#, _harmonious_,

#discordī#, _at variance_, #sōcordī#, _imperceptive_, #dēgenerī#,

_degenerate_, #dītī#, _rich_, #teretī#, _rounded_, #ingentī#, _huge_,

#inopī#, _without means_, #memorī#, _remembering_, #immemorī#,

_forgetful_.

560. Present participles, when used as adjectives, have #-ī# in the

ablative, otherwise #-e#: as,

#ā sapientī virō#, _by a wise man_; #adulēscente#, _youth_, substantive;

#Rōmulō rēgnante#, _in the reign of Romulus_, ablative absolute (1362).

561. Other adjectives ‘of one ending’ occasionally have #-e# in the

ablative when used as substantives or as epithets of persons, or in

verse when a short syllable is needed: as,

#cōnsortī#, _sharing_, #parī#, _equal_, #vigilī#, _wide-awake_,

#fēlīcī#, _happy_, as adjectives; but #cōnsorte#, &c., as substantives;

in prose, #imparī#, #disparī#, _unequal_; in verse, #impare#, #dispare#.

Proper names have #-e#: as, #Fēlīce#.

A Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges · 第 164 / 808 题