1824. (3.) Relative sentences of cause, reason, proof, or of concession,
are equivalent to subjunctive sentences introduced by #cum#, _since_,
_though_ (1877): as,
(_a._) #hospes, quī nihil suspicārētur, hominem retinēre coepit#, _V._
1, 64, _the friend, suspecting nothing, undertook to hold on to the
man_. Often justifying the use of a single word: as, #ō fortūnāte
adulēscēns, quī tuae virtūtis Homērum praecōnem invēnerīs#, _Arch._ 24,
_oh youth thrice-blest, with Homer trumpeter of thy prowess_. #ad mē
vēnit Hēraclīus, homo nōbilis, quī sacerdōs Iovis fuisset#, _V._ 4, 137,
_I had a call from Heraclius, a man of high standing, as is proved by
his having been a priest of Jupiter_. (_b._) #Cicerō, quī mīlitēs in
castrīs continuisset, quīnque cohortēs frūmentātum mittit#, 6, 36, 1,
_though Cicero had kept his men in camp, he sends five cohorts
foraging_.
1825. With #quī tamen#, however, the indicative is usual: as, #alter,
quī tamen sē continuerat, nōn tenuit eum locum#, _Sest._ 114, _the
other, though he had observed a quiet policy, did not hold the place_.
1826. Oftentimes, where a causal relation might be expected, a simple
declaratory indicative is used: as,
#habeō senectūtī magnam grātiam, quae mihī̆ sermōnis aviditātem auxit#,
_CM._ 46, _I feel greatly indebted to age, which has increased my
eagerness for conversation_. Particularly thus in old Latin: as, #sed
sumne ego stultus, quī rem cūrō pūblicam?# Pl. _Per._ 75, _but am I not
a fool, who bother with the common weal?_ Compared with: #sed ego sum
īnsipientior, quī rēbus cūrem pūplicis#, Pl. _Tri._ 1057, _but I’m a
very fool, to bother with the common weal_. Often of coincident action
(1733): as, #stultē fēcī, quī hunc āmīsī#, Pl. _MG._ 1376, _I’ve acted
like a fool, in letting this man off_.
1827. The causal relative is often introduced by #quippe#, less
frequently by #ut#, or #ut pote#, _naturally_: as,
#‘convīvia cum patre nōn inībat;’ quippe quī nē in oppidum quidem nisi
perrārō venīret#, _RA._ 52, _‘he never went to dinner-parties with his
father;’ why, of course not, since he never went to a simple country
town even, except very rarely_. #dictātor tamen, ut quī magis animīs
quam vīribus frētus ad certāmen dēscenderet, omnia circumspicere
coepit#, L. 7, 14, 6, _but the dictator, naturally, since he went into
the struggle trusting to mind rather than muscle, now began to be all on
the alert_. With #quippe quī#, the indicative only is used by Sallust,
and is preferred by Plautus and Terence. Cicero has, with one exception,
the subjunctive, Tacitus and Nepos have it always. Livy has either mood.
Not in Caesar. #ut quī# has the subjunctive. It occurs a few times in
Plautus, Cicero, once in Caesar, oftenest in Livy. With the indicative
once in Cicero, and once in Tacitus. #ut pote quī# has the subjunctive.
It is used by Plautus, by Cicero, once with the indicative, by Sallust,
and Catullus.
1828. The indefinite ablative #quī#, _somehow_, _surely_, sometimes
follows #quippe# or #ut# in old Latin, in which case it must not be
confounded with the relative: as, #quippe quī ex tē audīvī#, Pl. _Am._
745, _why, sure I’ve heard from you_; it cannot be the relative here, as
the speaker is a woman.
1829. The subjunctive is used in parenthetical sentences of restriction:
as,
#quod sciam#, Pl. _Men._ 500; T. _Ad._ 641; _RA._ 17, _to the best of my
knowledge and belief_. #quod sine molestiā tuā fīat#, _Fam._ 13, 23, 2,
_as far as may be without trouble to yourself_. #quī# is often followed
by #quidem#: as, #omnium ōrātōrum, quōs quidem ego cōgnōverim,
acūtissimum iūdicō Q. Sertōrium#, _Br._ 180, _of all orators, at least
of all that I have made the acquaintance of myself, I count Sertorius
the sharpest_.
1830. The indicative, however, is used in #quod attinet ad#, _as to_,
and usually with #quantum#, and with forms of #sum# and #possum#: as,
#quod sine molestiā tuā facere poteris#, _Att._ 1, 5, 7, _as far as you
can without troubling yourself_.