fugā-re, _rout_ fugā-, N. fuga
locā-re, _place_ loco-, N. locus
nōminā-re, _name_ nōmin-, N. nōmen
levā-re, _lighten_ levi-, N. levis
sinuā-re, _bend_ sinu-, N. sinus
albē-re, _be white_ albo-, N. albus
miserē-rī, _pity_ misero-, N. miser
flōrē-re, _blossom_ flōr-, N. flōs
sordē-re, _be dirty_ sordi-, N. sordēs
pūnī-re, _punish_ poenā-, N. poena
condī-re, _season_ condo-, N. condus
custōdī-re, _guard_ custōd-, N. custōs
vestī-re, _dress_ vesti-, N. _vestis_
gestī-re, _flutter_ gestu-, N. _gestus_
366. These present verb stems are formed by adding the suffix #-i̭o-#,
#-i̭e-# to the noun stem: as #*fugā-i̭ō#, _I flee_; the #i̭# between two
vowels was dropped (153, 2) and the final vowel of noun stem was often
contracted with the ending (118, 3). The noun stem ending is often
slightly modified.
367. In a half a dozen denominatives from stems in #-u-# the #u# of the
noun stem remains without modification, and is not contracted with the
variable vowel (116, _c_): these are, #acuere#, _sharpen_ (#acu-#),
#metuere#, _fear_, #statuere#, _set_, #tribuere#, _assign_; #arguere#,
_make clear_, #bātuere#, _beat_.
368. Verbs in #-āre# are by far the most numerous class of
denominatives; they are usually transitive; but deponents often express
condition, sometimes occupation: as, #dominārī#, _lord it_, _play the
lord_; #aquārī#, _get oneself water_. Most verbs in #-īre# also are
transitive; those in #-ēre# usually denote a state: as, #calēre#, _be
warm_; but some are causative: as, #monēre#, _remind_.
369. Many denominative verbs in #-āre# contain a noun suffix which is
not actually found in the noun itself; such suffixes are: #-co-#,
#-cin-#, #-lo-#, #-er-#, #-ro-#, #-to-#, &c.: as,
#-co-#: #albi-cāre#, _be white_ (#*albi-co-#); #velli-cāre#, _pluck_
(#*velli-co-#, _plucker_). #-cin-#: #latrō-cinārī#, _be a robber_
(#latrōn-#); #sermō-cinārī#, _discourse_ (#sermōn-#). #-lo-#:
#grātu-lārī#, _give one joy_ (#*grātu-lo-#); #vi-olāre#, _harm_
(#*vi-olo-#); #heiu-lāri#, _cry_ ‘#heia#’ (#*heiu-lo-#). #-er-#:
#mod-erārī#, _check_ (#*mod-es-#, 236). #-ro-#: #tole-rāre#, _endure_
(#*tole-ro-#); #flag-rāre#, _blaze_ (#*flag-ro-#). #-to-#:
#dēbili-tāre#, _lame_ (#*dēbili-to-#); #dubi-tāre#, _doubt_
(#*dubi-to-#).
370. Many denominatives in #-āre# are indirect compounds (377), often
from compound noun stems which are not actually found. So, particularly,
when the first part is a preposition, or the second is from the root
#fac-#, _make_, #ag-#, _drive_, _do_, or #cap-#, _take_: as,
#opi-tul-ārī#, _bear help_ (#opitulo-#); #suf-fōc-āre#, _suffocate_
(#*suf-fōc-o-#, #fauci-#); #aedi-fic-āre# (_housebuild_), _build_
(#*aedific-# or #*aedifico-#, _housebuilder_); #sīgni-fic-āre#, _give
token_ (#*sīgnifico-#); #fūm-ig-āre#, _make smoke_ (#*fūmigo-#,
_smoker_, #fūmo-#, √#ag-#); #nāv-ig-āre#, _sail_, and #rēm-ig-āre#,
_row_ (#nāvi-#, _ship_, and #rēmo-#, _oar_); #mīt-ig-āre#, _make mild_
(#mīti-#); #iūr-ig-āre#, commonly #iūr-g-āre#, _quarrel_ (#iūr-#);
#pūr-ig-āre#, commonly #pūr-g-āre#, _clean_ (#pūro-#); #gnār-ig-āre#,
_tell_ (#gnāro-#, #narrāre#, 169, 2; 133, 1); #anti-cip-āre#, _take
beforehand_ (#*anticipo-#, #ante#, √#cap-#); #oc-cup-āre#, _seize_
(#*occupo-#); #re-cup-er-āre#, _get back_ (#*recupero-#).
371. Many verbs in #-tāre# (#-sāre#), or #-tārī# (#-sārī#), express
frequent, intense, or sometimes attempted action. These are called
_Frequentatives_ or _Intensives_; they are formed from perfect
participle stems; but stems in #-ā-to-# become #-i-to-#: as,
#cant-āre#, _sing_ (#canto-#); #cess-āre#, _loiter_ (#cesso-#);
#amplex-ārī#, _embrace_ (#amplexo-#); #habit-āre#, _live_ (#habito-#);
#pollicit-āri#, _make overtures_ (#pollicito-#); #dormīt-āre#, _be
sleepy_ (#dormīto-#); #neg-itāre#, _keep denying_ (for #*negā-tāre#,
with suffix #-i-tāre#, 910).
372. Some frequentatives in #-tāre# are formed from the present stem of
a verb in #-ere#; the formative vowel before #-tāre# becomes #i#: as,
#agi-tāre#, _shake_ (#age-re#); #flui-tāre#, _float_ (#flue-re#);
#nōsci-tāre#, _recognize_ (#nōsce-re#); #quaeri-tāre#, _keep seeking_
(#quaere-re#); #scīsci-tārī#, _enquire_ (#scīsce-re#); #vēndi-tāre#,
_try to sell_ (#vēnde-re#).