Tribes and

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 3

Name: The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 3
Author: Russell, R. V. (Robert Vane), 1873-1915

作者：Russell, R. V. (Robert Vane), 1873-1915
体例：题　章数：625
字数：1,056,788　来源：Project Gutenberg

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共 625 题

THE TRIBES AND CASTES OF THE CENTRAL PROVINCES OF INDIA
By
Published Under the Orders of the Central Provinces Administration
CONTENTS OF VOLUME III
ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME III
PRONUNCIATION
PART III
ARTICLES ON CASTES AND TRIBES
GARARDIA--KOSHTI
Gadaria
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice.
2. Subdivisions.
3. Marriage customs.
4. Religion and funeral rites.
5. Social customs.
6. Goats and sheep.
7. Blanket-weaving.
8. Sanctity of wool.
Gadba
1. Description and structure of the tribe.
2. Marriage.
3. Religious beliefs and festivals.
4. Disposal of the dead.
5. Occupation and mode of living.
Ganda
1. Distribution and origin.
2. Caste subdivisions.
3. Marriage.
4. Religion.
5. Occupation and social status.
Gandhmali
Garpagari
1. Origin of the caste.
2. Marriage.
3. Religion.
4. Occupation.
5. Social status.
Gauria
GHASIA
List of Paragraphs
1. Description of the caste.
2. Subcastes.
3. Exogamous sections.
4. Marriage.
5. Religion and superstitions.
6. Occupation.
7. Social customs.
8. Ghasias and Kayasths.
Ghosi
Golar
GOND
List of Paragraphs
1. Numbers and distribution.
2. Gondwana.
3. Derivation of name and origin of the Gonds.
4. History of the Gonds.
5. Mythica traditions. Story of Lingo.
6. Legend of the creation.
7. Creation of the Gonds and their imprisonment by Mahadeo.
8. The birth and history of Lingo.
9. Death and resurrection of Lingo.
11. Subcastes.
12. Exogamy.
13. Totemism.
14. Connection of totemism with the gods.
15. Prohibitions on intermarriage, and unions of relations.
16. Irregular marriages.
17. Marriage. Arrangement of matches.
18. The marriage ceremony.
19. Wedding expenditure.
20. Special customs.
21. Taking omens.
22. Marriage by capture. Weeping and hiding.
23. Serving for a wife.
24. Widow remarriage.
25. Divorce.
26. Polygamy.
27. Menstruation.
28. Superstitions about pregnancy and childbirth.
29. Procedure at a birth.
30. Names.
31. Superstitions about children.
32. Disposal of the dead.
33. Funeral ceremony.
34. Mourning and offerings to the dead.
35. Memorial stones to the dead.
36. House abandoned after a death.
37. Bringing back the soul.
38. The dead absorbed in Bura Deo.
39. Belief in a future life.
40. Nature of the Gond religion. The gods.
41. Tribal gods, and their place of residence.
42. Household gods.
43. Nag Deo.
44. Narayan Deo.
45. Bura Deo.
46. Charms and magic.
47. Omens.
48. Agricultural superstitions.
49. Magical or religious observances in fishing and hunting.
50. Witchcraft.
51. Human sacrifice. [76]
52. Cannibalism.
53. Festivals. The new crops.
54. The Holi festival.
55. The Meghnath swinging rite.
56. The Karma and other rites.
57. Physical type.
58. Character.
59. Shyness and ignorance.
60. Villages and houses.
61. Clothes and ornaments.
62. Ear-piercing.
63. Hair.
64. Bathing and washing clothes.
65. Tattooing.
66. Special system of tattooing.
67. Branding.
68. Food.
69. Liquor.
70. Admission of outsiders and sexual morality.
71. Common sleeping-houses.
72. Methods of greeting and observances between relatives.
73. The caste panchayat and social offences.
74. Caste penalty feasts.
75. Special purification ceremony.
76. Dancing.
77. Songs.
78. Language.
79. Cultivation.
80. Patch cultivation.
81. Hunting: traps for animals.
Gond-Gowari
Gondhali
Gopal
GOSAIN
List of Paragraphs
1. Names for the Gosains.
2. The ten orders.
3. Initiation.
4. Dress.
5. Methods of begging and greetings.
6. The Dandis.
7. The Rawanvansis.
8. Monasteries.
9. The fighting Gosains.
10. Burial.
11. Sexual indulgence.
12. Missionary work.
13. The Gosain caste.
Gowari
1. Origin of the caste.
2. Subcastes.
3. Totemism and exogamy.
4. Marriage customs.
5. Funeral rites.
6. Religion.
7. Caste rules and the panchayat.
8. Social customs.
GUJAR
List of Paragraphs
1. Historical notice of the caste.
2. The Gujars and the Khazars.
3. Predatory character of the Gujars in northern India.
4. Subdivisions.
5. Marriage.
6. Disposal of the dead.
7. Religion.
8. Character.
GURAO
List of Paragraphs
1. Origin of the caste.
2. Internal structure.
3. Marriage and ceremonies of adolescence.
4. Birth customs.
5. The sacred thread.
6. Funeral customs.
7. Social position.
8. The Jain Guraos.
HALBA
List of Paragraphs
1. Traditions of the caste.
2. Halba landowners in Bastar and Bhandara.
3. Internal structure: subcastes.
4. Exogamous sections.
5. Theory of the origin of the caste.
6. Marriage.
7. Importance of the sister's son.
8. The wedding ceremony.
9. Going-away ceremony.
10. Widow-marriage and divorce.
11. Religion.
12. Disposal of the dead.
13. Propitiating the spirits of those who have died a violent death.
14. Impurity of women.
15. Childbirth.
16. Names.
17. Social status.
18. Caste panchayat.
19. Dress.
20. Tattooing.
21. Occupation.
Halwai
Hatkar
1. Derivation and historical notice.
2. The Gauli Hatkar's reverence for cattle.
3. Funeral rites.
4. Exogamous groups.
Hijra
Holia
Injhwar
1. Origin of the caste.
2. Subdivisions.
3. Marriage and other customs.
4. Occupation and social status.
Jadam
Jadua
Jangam
JAT
List of Paragraphs
1. Theories of the origin of the caste.
2. Sir D. Ibbetson's description of the caste.
3. Are the Jats and Rajputs distinct?
4. The position of the Jat in the Punjab.
5. Social status of the Jats.
6. Brahmanical legend of origin.
7. The Jats in the Central Provinces.
8. Marriage customs.
9. Funeral rites.
10. The Paida ceremony.
11. Customs at birth.
12. Religion.
13. Social customs.
14. Occupation.
JHADI TELENGA
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice.
2. Exogamous divisions.
3. Admission of outsiders.
4. Marriage.
5. Religion.
6. Names.
7. Magical devices
8. Occupation.
JOGI
List of Paragraphs
1. The Yoga philosophy.
2. Abstraction of the senses or autohypnotism.
3. Breathing through either nostril.
4. Self-torture of the Jogis.
5. Resort to them for oracles.
6. Divisions of the order.
7. Hair and clothes.
8. Burial.
9. Festivals.
10. Caste subdivisions.
11. Begging.
12. Other occupations.
13. Swindling practices.
14. Proverbs about Jogis.
JOSHI
List of Paragraphs
1. The village priest and astrologer.
2. The apparent path of the sun. The ecliptic or zodiac.
3. Inclination of the ecliptic to the equator.
4. The orbits of the moon and planets.
5. The signs of the zodiac.
6. The Sankrants.
7. The nakshatras or constellations of the moon's path.
8. The revolution of the moon.
9. The days of the week.
10. The lunar year.
11. Intercalary months.
12. Superstitions about numbers.
13. The Hindu months.
14. The solar nakshatras.
15. Lunar fortnights and days.
16. Divisions of the day.
17. The Joshi's calculations.
18. Personal names.
19. Terminations of names.
20. Women's names.
21. Special names and bad names.
Julaha
Kachera
1. Origin of the caste.
2. Exogamous groups.
3. Social customs.
4. Occupation.
KACHHI
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice.
2. Subdivisions.
3. Marriage customs.
4. Childbirth.
5. Ear-piercing
6. Disposal of the dead.
Kadera
1. Historical notice.
2. Subdivisions.
3. Social customs.
4. Religion and occupation.
Kahar
1. Origin and statistics.
2. The doli or palanquin.
3. Female bearers.
4. Indoor servants.
Kaikari
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Marriage.
3. Religion.
4. Social customs and position.
5. Occupation.
Kalanga
1. Origin.
2. Subdivisions.
3. Marriage.
4. Social position.
KALAR
List of Paragraphs
1. Strength of the caste.
2. Internal structure.
3. Dandsena Kalars in Chhattisgarh.
4. Social customs.
5. Liquor held divine in Vedic times.
6. Subsequent prohibition of alcohol.
7. Spirits habitually drunk in ancient times.
8. Drunkenness and divine inspiration.
9. Sanctity of liquor among the Gonds and other castes.
10. Drugs also considered divine.
11. Opium and ganja.
12. Tobacco.
13. Customs in connection with drinking.
KAMAR [299]
List of Paragraphs
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Subdivisions and marriage.
3. The sister's son.
4. Menstruation.
5. Birth customs.
6. Death and inheritance.
7. Religious beliefs.
8. Veneration of iron and liquor.
9. Social customs and caste penalties.
10. Tattooing.
11. Hair.
12. Occupation and manner of life.
13. Their skill with bows and arrows.
KANJAR
List of Paragraphs
1. Derivation of the Kanjars from the Doms.
2. The Kanjars and the Gipsies.
3. The Thugs derived from the Kanjars.
4. The Doms.
5. The criminal Kanjars.
6. The Kunchband Kanjars.
7. Marriage and religion.
8. Social customs.
9. Industrial arts.
Kapewar
Karan
KASAI
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice of the caste.
2. The cattle-slaughtering industry.
3. Muhammadan rite of zibah or halal.
4. Animism.
5. Animal-gods. The domestic animals.
6. Other animals.
7. Animals worshipped in India.
8. The sacrificial meal.
9. Primitive basis of kinship.
10. The bond of food.
11. The blood-feud.
12. Taking food together and hospitality.
13. The Roman sacra.
14. The Hindu caste-feasts.
15. Sacrifice of the camel.
16. The joint sacrifice.
17. Animal sacrifices in Greece.
18. The Passover.
19. Sanctity of domestic animals.
20. Sacrificial slaughter for food.
21. Animal fights.
22. The sacrificial method of killing.
23. Animal sacrifices in Indian ritual.
Kasar
1. Distribution and origin of the caste.
2. Internal structure.
3. Social customs.
4. Occupation.
KASBI
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice.
2. Girls dedicated to temples.
3. Music and dancing.
4. Education of courtesans.
5. Caste customs.
6. First pregnancy.
7. Different classes of women.
8. Dancing and singing.
Katia
1. General notice.
2. Subcastes and exogamous groups.
3. Marriage customs.
4. Funeral rites.
5. Social rules.
KAWAR [418]
List of Paragraphs
1. Tribal legend.
2. Tribal subdivisions.
3. Exogamous groups.
4. Betrothal and marriage.
5. Other customs connected with marriage.
6. Childbirth.
7. Disposal of the dead.
8. Laying spirits.
9. Religion.
10. Magic and witchcraft.
11. Dress.
12. Occupation and social rules.
KAYASTH
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice and legend of origin.
2. The origin of the caste.
3. The rise of the Kayasths under foreign rulers.
4. The original profession of the Kayasths.
5. The caste an offshoot from Brahmans.
6. The success of the Kayasths and their present position.
7. Subcastes.
8. Exogamy.
9. Marriage customs.
10. Marriage songs.
11. Social rules.
12. Birth customs.
13. Religion.
14. Social customs.
15. Occupation.
Kewat
1. General notice.
2. Exogamous divisions and marriage.
3. Social customs.
KHAIRWAR
List of Paragraphs
1. Historical notice of the tribe.
2. Its origin.
3. Tribal subdivisions.
4. Exogamous septs.
5. Marriage.
6. Disposal of the dead.
7. Religion.
8. Inheritance.
9. The Khairwas of Damoh.
Khandait
KHANGAR
List of Paragraphs
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Caste subdivisions.
3. Marriage.
4. Religion.
5. Social status.
6. Occupation.
KHARIA
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice.
2. Legend of origin.
3. Subcastes.
4. Exogamy and totemism.
5. Marriage.
6. Taboos as to food.
7. Widow-marriage and divorce.
8. Religion.
9. Funeral rites.
10. Bringing back the souls of the dead.
11. Social customs.
12. Caste rules and organisation.
13. Occupation and character.
14. Language.
Khatik
Khatri
1. Rajput origin.
2. Sir George Campbell's account of the Khatris.
3. Higher and lower groups.
4. Marriage and funeral customs.
Khojah
KHOND [509]
List of Paragraphs
1. Traditions of the tribe.
2. Tribal divisions.
3. Exogamous septs.
4. Marriage.
5. Customs at birth.
6. Disposal of the dead.
7. Occupation.
8. A Khond combat.
9. Social customs.
10. Festivals.
11. Religion.
12. Human sacrifice.
13. Last human sacrifices.
14. Khond rising in 1882.
15. Language.
Kir
1. Origin and Traditions.
2. Marriage.
3. Religion.
4. Birth and death ceremonies.
5. Food, dress and occupation.
Kirar
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Marriage.
3. Religion.
4. Social customs.
5. Occupation.
Kohli
1. General notice.
2. Marriage and other customs.
3. The Kohlis as tank-builders.
4. Agricultural customs.
5. General characteristics.
KOL
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice. Strength of the Kols in India.
2. Names of the tribe.
3. Origin of the Kolarian tribes.
4. The Kolarians and Dravidians.
5. Date of the Dravidian immigration.
6. Strength of the Kols in the Central Provinces.
7. Legend of origin.
8. Tribal subdivisions.
9. Totemism.
10. Marriage customs.
11. Divorce and widow-marriage.
12. Religion.
13. Witchcraft.
14. Funeral rites.
15. Inheritance.
16. Physical appearance.
17. Dances.
18. Social rules and offences.
19. The caste panchayat.
20. Names.
21. Occupation.
22. Language.
KOLAM
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice of the tribe.
2. Marriage.
3. Disposal of the dead.
4. Religion and superstitions.
5. Social position.
6. Miscellaneous customs.
KOLHATI
List of Paragraphs
1. Introductory notice.
2. Internal structure.
3. Marriage.
4. Funeral rites.
5. Other customs.
6. Occupation.
KOLI
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice of the caste.
2. Subdivisions.
3. Exogamous divisions.
4. Widow-marriage or divorce.
5. Religion.
6. Disposal of the dead.
7. Social rules.
Kolta
1. Origin and traditions.
2. Exogamous groups.
3. Marriage
4. Religion.
5. Occupation.
Komti
Kori
1. Description of the caste.
2. Marriages
3. Customs at birth and death.
4. Religion.
5. Occupation and social status.
KORKU
List of Paragraphs
1. Distribution and origin.
2. Tribal legends.
3. Tribal subdivisions.
4. Marriage Betrothal.
5. The marriage ceremony.
6. Religion.
7. The Bhumka.
8. Magical practices.
9. Funeral rites.
10. Appearance and social customs.
11. Character.
12. Inheritance.
13. Occupation.
14. Language.
KORWA
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice.
2. Physical appearance.
3. Subdivisions.
4. Marriage customs.
5. Funeral rites.
6. Religion.
7. Social customs.
8. Dancing.
9. Occupation.
10. Dacoity.
11. Folk-tales.
KOSHTI
List of Paragraphs
1. General notice.
2. Subdivisions.
3. Marriage.
4. Funeral customs.
5. Religion.
6. Superstitions.
7. Clothes, etc.
8. Social rules and status.
9. Occupation.
END OF VOL. III
NOTES