4. Social customs.

The caste do not admit outsiders. In the matter of food they eat flesh

and fish, but abstain from liquor and from eating fowls, except in

the Maratha country. They will take pakka food or that cooked without

water from Gujars, Raghuvansis and Lodhis. In the Nagpur country,

where the difference between katcha and pakka food is not usually

observed, they will not take it from any but Maratha Brahmans. Abirs

and Dhimars are said to eat with them, and the northern Brahmans will

take water from them. They have a caste panchayat or committee with

a hereditary president called Sethia, whose business it is to eat

first when admitting a person who has been put out of caste. Killing

a cat or a squirrel, selling a cow to a butcher, growing hemp or

selling shoes are offences which entail temporary excommunication

from caste. A woman who commits adultery with a man of another caste

is permanently excluded. The Kirars are tall in stature and well

and stoutly built. They have regular features and are generally of a

fair colour. They are regarded as quarrelsome and untruthful, and as

tyrannical landlords. As agriculturists they are supposed to be of

encroaching tendencies, and the proverbial prayer attributed to them

is, "O God, give me two bullocks, and I shall plough up the common

way." Another proverb quoted in Mr. Standen's Betul Settlement Report,

in illustration of their avarice, is "If you put a rupee between two

Kirars, they become like mast buffaloes in Kunwar." The men always wear

turbans, while the women may be distinguished in the Maratha country

by their adherence to the dress of the northern Districts. Girls are

tattooed on the back of their hands before they begin to live with

their husbands. A woman may not name her husband's elder brother or

even touch his clothes or the vessels in which he has eaten food. They

are not distinguished for cleanliness.

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 3 · 第 514 / 625 题