2. Internal structure.

The caste have a number of subdivisions, mainly of a territorial

nature. Among these are the Maratha Kasars; the Deshkar, who also

belong to the Maratha country; the Pardeshi or foreigners, the

Jhade or residents of the forest country of the Central Provinces,

and the Audhia or Ajudhiabasi who are immigrants from Oudh. Another

subdivision, the Bharewas, are of a distinctly lower status than the

body of the caste, and have non-Aryan customs, such as the eating of

pork. They make the heavy brass ornaments which the Gonds and other

tribes wear on their legs, and are probably an occupational offshoot

from one of these tribes. In Chanda some of the Bharewas serve as

grooms and are looked down upon by the others. They have totemistic

septs, named after animals and plants, some of which are Gond words;

and among them the bride goes to the bridegroom's house to be married,

which is a Gond custom. The Bharewas may more properly be considered as

a separate caste of lower status. As previously stated, the Maratha and

Deshkar subcastes of the Maratha country no longer make vessels, but

only keep them for sale. One subcaste, the Otaris, make vessels from

moulds, while the remainder cut and hammer into shape the imported

sheets of brass. Lastly comes a group comprising those members of

the caste who are of doubtful or illegitimate descent, and these are

known either as Takle ('Thrown out' in Marathi), Bidur, 'Bastard,'

or Laondi Bachcha, 'Issue of a kept wife.' In the Maratha country the

Kasars, as already seen, say that they all belong to one gotra, the

Ahihaya. They have, however, collections of families distinguished by

different surnames, and persons having the same surname are forbidden

to marry. In the northern Districts they have the usual collection

of exogamous septs, usually named after villages.

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 3 · 第 390 / 625 题