2. Caste subdivisions.

The caste has four subdivisions, named Rai, Mirdha or Nakib, Karbal

and Dahat. The Rai or royal Khangars are the highest group and

practise hypergamy with families of the Mirdha and Karbal groups,

taking daughters from them in marriage but not giving their daughters

to them. The Mirdhas or Nakibs are so called because they act as

mace-bearers and form the bodyguard of princes. Very few, if any,

are to be found in the Central Provinces. The Karbal are supposed

to be especially valorous. The Dahats have developed into a separate

caste called Dahait, and are looked down on by all the other divisions

as they keep pigs. The caste is also divided into numerous exogamous

septs, all of which are totemistic; and the members of the sept usually

show veneration to the object from which the sept takes its name. Some

of the names of septs are as follows: Bachhiya from bachhra a calf;

Barha from barah a pig, this sept worshipping the pig; Belgotia from

the bel tree; Chandan from the sandalwood tree; Chirai from chiriya

a bird, this sept revering sparrows; Ghurgotia from ghora a horse

(members of this sept touch the feet of a horse before mounting it and

do not ride on a horse in wedding processions); Guae from the iguana;

Hanuman from the monkey god; Hathi from the elephant; Kasgotia from

kansa bell-metal (members of this sept do not use vessels of bell-metal

on ceremonial occasions nor sell them); Mahiyar from maihar fried cakes

(members of this sept do not use ghi at their weddings and may not sell

ghi by weight though they may sell it by measure); San after san-hemp

(members of this sept place pieces of hemp near their family god);

Sandgotia from sand a bullock; Tambagotia from tamba copper; and Vishnu

from the god of that name, whom the sept worship. The names of 31 septs

in all are reported and there are probably others. The fact that two or

three septs are named after Hindu deities may be noticed as peculiar.

The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India, Volume 3 · 第 459 / 625 题