Historical Intro
章节目录
共 313 题- I. The Book of Concord, or The Concordia.
- 1. General and Particular Symbols.
- 2. The German Book of Concord.
- 3. The Latin Concordia.
- 4. English Translations.
- 5. Corpora Doctrinae Supplanted by Book of Concord.
- 6. Subscription to Confessions.
- 7. Pledging of Ministers to the Confessions.
- II. The Three Ecumenical or Universal Symbols.
- 8. Ecumenical Symbols.
- 9. The Apostles' Creed.
- 10. Apostles' Creed and Early Christian Writers.
- 11. Tertullian and Cyprian on Apostles' Creed.
- 12. Variations of the Apostles' Creed.
- 13. Present Form of Creed and Its Contents.
- 14. The Nicene Creed.
- 15. Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed.
- 16. The Athanasian Creed.
- 17. Luther on Ecumenical Creeds.
- III. The Augsburg Confession.
- 18. Diet Proclaimed by Emperor.
- 19. Apology Original Plan of Lutherans.
- 20. Transformation of Apology into Confession Due to Eck's Slanders.
- 21. Marburg, Schwabach, and Torgau Articles.
- 22. Luther's Spokesman at Augsburg.
- 23. Drafting the Confession.
- 24. Public Reading of the Confession.
- 25. Luther's Mild Criticism.
- 26. Luther Praising Confession and Confessors.
- 27. Manuscripts and Editions of Augustana.
- 28. Signatures of Augsburg Confession.
- 29. Tributes to Confession of Augsburg.
- IV. Melanchthon's Alterations of the Augsburg Confession.
- 30. Changes Unwarranted.
- 31. Detrimental Consequences of Alterations.
- 32. Attitude toward Variata.
- 33. Alterations in Editions of 1531, 1533, 1540.
- 34. Alterations Render Confession Ambiguous.
- 35. Variata Disowned by Lutheran Church.
- V. The Pontifical Confutation of the Augsburg Confession.
- 36. Papal Party Refusing Conciliation.
- 37. Further Success Not Hoped for by Luther.
- 38. Papal Peace Sought by Emperor.
- 39. Compulsion Advocated by Theologians.
- 40. Emperor Employs Mildness.
- 41. Augustana Submitted to Catholic Party.
- 42. Rabid Theologians Appointed as Confutators.
- 43. Confutation Prepared.
- 44. A Bulky, Scurrilous Document.
- 45. Confutation Adopted and Read.
- 46. Confutation Denounced by Lutherans.
- 47. Luther on the Confutation.
- VI. The Apology of the Augsburg Confession.
- 48. Emperor Demands Adoption of Confutation.
- 49. Sustained by Luther.
- 50. Copy of Confutation Refused to Lutherans.
- 51. Lutherans on Roman Duplicity and Perfidy.
- 52. Original Draft of Apology.
- 53. Apology Presented, But Acceptance Refused.
- 54. Apology Recast by Melanchthon.
- 55. Completion of Apology Delayed.
- 56. German Translation by Jonas.
- 57. Alterations of Apology.
- 58. Purpose, Arrangement, and Character of Apology.
- 59. Moderate Tone of Apology.
- 60. Symbolical Authority of Apology.
- VII. Smalcald Articles and Tract concerning Power and Primacy of Pope.
- 61. General Council Demanded by Lutherans.
- 62. Luther's Views Regarding the Council.
- 63. Elector Opposed to Hearing Papal Legate.
- 64. Elector Imbued with Luther's Spirit.
- 65. Opinion of Theologians.
- 66. Elector's Strictures on Opinion of Theologians.
- 67. Counter-Council Disadvised.
- 68. Articles Drafted by Luther.
- 69. Articles Endorsed by Elector.
- 70. Melanchthon's Qualified Subscription.
- 71. Luther's Articles Sidetracked at Smalcald.
- 72. Articles Not Discussed in Meeting of League.
- 73. Meeting of Theologians.
- 74. Luther's Articles Subscribed.
- 75. Endorsed by Princes and Estates.
- 76. Symbolical Authority of Smalcald Articles.
- 77. Editions of Smalcald Articles.
- 78. Tract on the Power and Primacy of the Pope.
- 79. Authorship of Tract.
- 80. A Threefold Criticism.
- VIII. Luther's Efforts at Restoring Catechetical Instruction.
- 81. Modern Researches Respecting Luther's Catechisms.
- 82. Meaning of the Word Catechism.
- 83. Chief Parts of Catechism.
- 84. Parts Inherited from Ancient Church.
- 85. Service Rendered Catechism by Luther.
- 86. Catechetical Instruction before Luther.
- 87. Medieval Books of Prayer and Instruction.
- 88. Church Visitation Reveals Deplorable Ignorance.
- 89. Luther Devising Measures to Restore Catechism.
- 90. Cooperation of Parents Urged by Luther.
- 91. German Services with German Catechism.
- 92. Luther Illustrating Method of Procedure.
- 93. Value Placed on Memorizing.
- 94. Memorizing to Serve Understanding.
- 95. Manuals Preceding Luther's Catechism.
- 96. Luther's Catechetical Publications.
- 97. Immediate Forerunners of Luther's Catechisms.
- 98. Catechism of Bohemian Brethren.
- IX. The Small and the Large Catechism of Luther.
- 99. Luther Beginning Work on Catechisms.
- 100. Tables Published First.
- 101. Completion of Catechisms Delayed.
- 102. Similarity and Purpose of Catechisms.
- 103. Particular Purpose of Large Catechism.
- 104. Special Purpose of Small Catechism.
- 105. Small Catechism Intended Also for Pastors.
- 106. A Book Also for Schools and Teachers.
- 107. Titles of Large Catechism.
- 108. Editions of Large Catechism.
- 109. Title of Small Catechism.
- 110. Editions of Small Catechism.
- 111. Translations and Elaborations of Small Catechism.
- 112. The Part "Of Confession."
- 113. Office of the Keys and Christian Questions.
- 114. The Table of Duties--Haustafel.
- 115. Symbolical Authority of Catechisms.
- 116. Enemies and Friends of Small Catechism.
- 117. Evaluation of Small Catechism.
- 118. Literary Merit of Small Catechism.
- X. The Smalcald War and the Augsburg and Leipzig Interims.
- 119. Bulwark of Peace Removed.
- 120. Luther Foretold Coming Distress.
- 121. Unfortunate Issue of Smalcald War.
- 122. The Augsburg Interim.
- 123. Attitude of John Frederick toward Interim.
- 124. Melanchthon's Attitude toward the Interim.
- 125. Melanchthon and the Leipzig Interim.
- 126. Provisions of Leipzig Interim.
- 127. Flacius and Other Opponents of Interimists.
- 128. Grief over Melanchthon's Inconstancy.
- 129. Interim Eliminated Politically, But Not Theologically.
- 130. Three Theological Parties.
- 131. Various Theological Controversies.
- 132. Conflicts Unavoidable.
- 133. Melanchthon Prime Mover of Conflicts.
- 134. Melanchthon's Humanistic and Unionistic Tendencies.
- 135. Melanchthon's "Shameful Servitude."
- XII. The Adiaphoristic Controversy.
- 136. Contents of the Leipzig Interim.
- 137. Issue in Adiaphoristic Controversy.
- 138. Opposition to the Adiaphorists.
- 139. Doctrinal Position of Anti-Adiaphorists.
- 140. Sophistries of Adiaphorists Refuted.
- 141. Theological Attitude of Flacius Sanctioned.
- XIII. The Majoristic Controversy.
- 142. Early Origin of This Error.
- 143. Formula Renewed--Abandoned.
- 144. Major Champions Error.
- 145. Major's Modifications.
- 146. Menius Sides with Major.
- 147. Attitude of Anti-Majorists.
- 148. Major's Concessions Not Satisfactory.
- 149. Absurd Proposition of Amsdorf.
- 150. Other Points of Dispute.
- XIV. The Synergistic Controversy.
- 151. Relation of Majorism and Synergism.
- 152. Luther's Monergism.
- 153. Luther's Doctrine Endorsed.
- 154. The Father of Synergism.
- 155. Unsound Statements of Melanchthon.
- 156. Pfeffinger Champions Synergistic Doctrine.
- 157. Statements of Pfeffinger.
- 158. Strigel and Huegel Entering Controversy.
- 159. Weimar Disputation.
- 160. Strigel's Rationalistic Principle.
- 161. Strigel's Theory.
- 162. Strigel's Semi-Pelagianism.
- 163. Strigel's "Cooperation."
- 164. Objections Answered.
- 165. Teaching of the Anti-Synergists.
- 166. Attitude of Formula of Concord.
- XV. The Flacian Controversy.
- 167. Flacius Entrapped by Strigel.
- 168. Context in which Statement was Made.
- 169. Formal and Material Substance.
- 170. Further Explanations of Flacius.
- 171. Controversy Precipitated by Flacius.
- 172. Publications Pro and Con.
- 173. Adherents of Flacius.
- 174. Decision of Formula of Concord.
- XVI. The Osiandrian and Stancarian Controversies.
- 175. Osiander in Nuernberg and in Koenigsberg.
- 176. Opposed by Moerlin and Lutherans Generally.
- 177. Corruptions Involved in Osiander's Teaching.
- 178. Excerpts from Osiander's Writings.
- 179. Attitude of Brenz and Melanchthon.
- 180. Osiander's Views on Image of God.
- 181. Error of Stancarus.
- 182. Deviations of Parsimonious and Hamburg Ministers.
- XVII. The Antinomistic Controversy.
- 183. Distinction between Law and Gospel of Paramount Import.
- 184. Agricola Breeding Trouble.
- 185. Agricola's Conflict with Melanchthon.
- 186. Luther's First Disputation against the Antinomians.
- 187. Luther's Second Disputation against the Antinomians.
- 188. Third and Fourth Series of Luther's Theses against Antinomianism.
- 189. Luther's Third Public Disputation against the Antinomians.
- 190. Agricola's Retraction Written and Published by Luther.
- 191. Luther's Fourth Disputation against the Antinomians.
- 192. "Grickel" Remained Grickel.
- 193. False Propositions of Agricola.
- 194. Poach, Otto, Musculus, Neander.
- 195. Melanchthon and the Philippists.
- XVIII. The Crypto-Calvinistic Controversy.
- 196. Contents and Purpose of Articles VII and VIII.
- 197. John Calvin.
- 198. Calvin's Zwinglianism.
- 199. Melanchthon's Public Attitude.
- 200. Melanchthon's Private Views.
- 201. Misled by Oecolampadius and Bucer.
- 202. Secret Letters and the Variata of 1540.
- 203. Not in Sympathy with Lutheran Champions.
- 204. Melanchthon Claimed by Calvin.
- 205. Advising the Crypto-Calvinists.
- 206. Historians on Melanchthon's Doctrinal Departures.
- 207. Westphal First to Sound Tocsin.
- 208. Controversial Publications.
- 209. Brenz and Chemnitz.
- 210. Bremen and the Palatinate Lost for Lutheranism.
- 211. Saxony in the Grip of Crypto-Calvinists.
- 212. Bold Strides Forward.
- 213. Apparently Victorious.
- 214. "Exegesis Perspicua."
- 215. Plotters Unmasked.
- 216. Lutheranism Restored.
- 217. Visitation Articles.
- XIX. Controversy on Christ's Descent into Hell.
- 218. Luther's Doctrine.
- 219. Aepinus in Hamburg.
- 220. Opposed by His Colleagues.
- 221. Other Participants in This Controversy.
- XX. The Eleventh Article of the Formula of Concord: On Predestination.
- 222. Why Article XI was Embodied in the Formula.
- 223. Unguarded Statements of Anti-Synergists.
- 224. Synergistic Predestination.
- 225. Calvinistic Predestination.
- 226. Calvinistic Confessions.
- 227. Marbach and Zanchi in Strassburg.
- 228. The Strassburg Formula.
- 229. Predestination according to Article XI of Formula of Concord.
- 230. Agreement of Articles XI and II.
- 231. Mystery in Doctrine of Grace.
- 232. Predestination a Comforting Article.
- 233. Statements of Article XI on Consolation Offered by Predestination.
- XXI. Luther and Article XI of the Formula of Concord.
- 234. Luther Falsely Charged with Calvinism.
- 235. Summary of Luther's Views.
- 236. Object of Luther's "De Servo Arbitrio."
- 237. Relation of Man's Will toward God's Majesty.
- 238. God Not the Cause of Sin.
- 239. Free Will a Mere Empty Title.
- 240. The Gospel to be Our Only Guide.
- 241. God's Grace Is Universal and Serious.
- 242. Sola gratia Doctrine Engenders Assurance.
- 243. Truth of God's Majesty Serves God's Gracious Will.
- 244. There Are No Real Contradictions in God.
- 245. Seeming Contradictions Solved in Light of Glory.
- 247. Statements Made by Luther in 1528.
- 248. Statements Made by Luther in 1531 and 1533.
- 249. Statements Made by Luther in 1538 and 1545.
- 250. Statements Made by Luther in His Commentary on Genesis.
- 251. Luther Never Retracted His Doctrine of Grace.
- 252. Luther's Doctrine Approved by Formula of Concord.
- 253. Attitude of Apology of the Book of Concord.
- 254. Agreement of Apology with Formula of Concord and Luther.
- 255. Apology on Universalis Gratia Seria et Efficax.
- 256. Apology on God's Mysterious Judgments and Ways.
- 257. Purpose of Article XII.
- 258. The Anabaptists.
- 259. Balthasar Hubmaier.
- 260. Dachser and Hutt.
- 261. John Denk.
- 262. The Schwenckfeldians.
- 263. Schwenckfeldt's Doctrine.
- 264. The Antitrinitarians.
- 265. Franck, Campanus, Ochino, Servetus, Blandrata, etc.
- 266. Davidis and Socinus.
- XXIII. Origin, Subscription, Character, etc., of Formula of Concord.
- 267. Lutherans Yearning for a Godly Peace.
- 268. Pacific Overtures of Flacius.
- 270. Futile Efforts of Duke John Albrecht.
- 271. Clash at Colloquy in Worms, 1557.
- 272. Efforts of Princes to Restore Unity: Frankfort Recess.
- 273. General Lutheran Council advocated by Flacianists.
- 274. Futile Efforts of Princes at Naumburg.
- 275. Andreae and Chemnitz.
- 276. First Peace Efforts of Andreae Fail.
- 277. Andreae's Sermons and the Swabian Concordia.
- 278. The Swabian-Saxon Concordia.
- 279. The Maulbronn Formula.
- 280. The Torgau Book.
- 281. The Bergic Book or the Formula of Concord.
- 282. Subscription to the Formula of Concord.
- 283. Subscription in Electoral Saxony, Brandenburg, etc.
- 284. Where and Why Formula of Concord was Rejected.
- 285. Formula Not a New Confession Doctrinally.
- 286. Formula a Reaffirmation of Genuine Lutheranism.
- 287. Scripture Sole Standard and Rule.
- 288. Formula Benefited Lutheran Church.
- 289. Necessity of Formula of Concord.
- 290. Formula Fully Met Requirements.
- 291. Formula Attacked and Defended.
- 292. Modern Strictures on Formula of Concord.
- 293. Formula Unrefuted.
- SOLI DEO GLORIA!