Opuscula: Essays

Opuscula: Essays chiefly Philological and Ethnographical

Name: Opuscula: Essays chiefly Philological and Ethnographical
Author: Latham, R. G. (Robert Gordon), 1812-1888

作者：Latham, R. G. (Robert Gordon), 1812-1888
体例：题　章数：493
字数：714,602　来源：Project Gutenberg

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Transcriber's Notes
OPUSCULA.
BY
LEIPZIG PRINTED BY B. G. TEUBNER.
PREFACE.
CONTENTS.
I. Pædeutica Page.
II. Logica
On the word _Distributed_ 39
III. Grammatica
IV. Metrica
V. Chronologica
On the Meaning of the word ΣΑΡΟΣ 81
VI. Bibliographica
Notice of works on the Provincialisms of Holland 85
VII. Geographica
VIII. Ethnologica
I.
PÆDEUTICA.
INAUGURAL LECTURE
NOTES.
Proud to be useful--scorning to be more
MAY 13, 1854.
I open it by drawing a distinction.
The first runs--
II.
LOGICA.
DECEMBER THE 18TH 1857.
No man is perfect--
All heroes are men--
III.
GRAMMATICA.
1. Ættust, _fought each other_.
2. Beriaz, _strike each other_.
3. Bregþaz, _interchange_.
4. Drepiz, _kill one another_.
8. Gættuz, _consult each other_. See Voluspa, 6. 9. 21. 23. _Edd. Sæm._
9. Glediaz, _rejoice each other_.
10. Hauggvaz, _hack each other_, _fight_.
11. Hættaz, _cease_.
13. Kiempis, _fight each other_,
14. Mælast, _talk to each other_, _converse_. Talast, _ditto_.
15. Mettæst, _meet each other_, _meet_.
16. Rekaz, _vex each other_.
17. Sakaz, _accuse each other_, _recriminate_.
18. Saz, _looked at each other_.
20. Seljas, _to give to each other_.
21. Sendaz, _send, or let pass between each other_.
22. Skiliaz, _part from each other_.
23. Skiptust, _interchange_.
24. Strujast, _strike one another_, _fight_. Feroic.
25. Truasc, _trust each other_.
26. Unnaz. _See_ Veittaz.
27. Vegiz, _attack_ each _other_.
28. Veittaz, _contract mutually_.
29. Verpaz, _throw between each other_.
1. That it has certainly grown out of the fuller forms _ka_ or _ga_.
1. The Tumali word for _with_ is _da_.
5. The Tumali adjectives have no plural at all.
ON THE WORD _CUJUM_.
ON THE AORISTS IN -KA.
The old Slavonic inflection alluded to is as follows:--
IV.
METRICA.
1. Monosyllables, not enclitic; as σφών, πάς, χθών, δμώς, νών, νύν, &c.
2. Circumflex futures; as νεμώ, τεμώ, &c.
Let a classical scholar hear the first line of the Eclogues read--
V.
CHRONOLOGICA.
ON THE MEANING OF THE WORD ΣΑΡΟΣ.
1. That each _sarus_ consisted of 3600 years (ἔτη).
1. It is the multiple of the _sosus_ by 10, and of the _nerus_ by 6.
VI.
BIBLIOGRAPHICA.
1. _Boertige Samenspraak, ter heilgroete bij een huwelijk._
Collection of words used in States-Flanders.--MS. _Ibid._
VII.
GEOGRAPHICA.
FEBRUARY 9, 1844.
Virgil has the following lines:--
ADDENDA.
JANUARY 1859.
ADDENDA (1859).
MARCH 8, 1850.
ADDENDA (1859).
ON THE TERMS OF _GOTHI_ AND _GETÆ_.
ON THE JAPODES AND GEPIDÆ
VIII.
ETHNOLOGICA.
Along, however, with this form go others: _e. g._
In like manner the Roman _castra_ becomes--
READ AT THE
NOTE (1859).
BRITISH ASSOCIATION--BIRMINGHAM 1849.
NOTE (1859).
READ AT THE
ADDENDA (1859).
IRON.
1. _Az_ = _I_. Defective in the oblique cases. _Man_ or ma, defective.
2. _Di_ = _Thou_. Defective in the nominative singular.
INDICATIVE.
CONJUNCTIVE.
IMPERATIVE.
CIRCASSIAN.
2. When the pronoun is governed by a verb, it is similarly incorporated.
ON THE TUSHI LANGUAGE.
SINGULAR. I. THOU. HE.
CARDINAL. ORDINAL.
The tenses are--
To which add--
NOTES.
NOTE 1.
NOTE 2.
8TH JANUARY, 1857.
The conclusion which the present notice suggests is--
KELÆNONESIA.
1. That the ruder tribes were, _as such_, likely to be Negrito;
2. That the Negrito tongues would be allied to each other.
ON THE NEGRITO LANGUAGES.
FEBRUARY 10, 1843.
Of the Negrito localities the most western are--
ENGLISH. FOREST. LOBO.
ENGLISH. FOREST. UTANATA.
ENGLISH. UTANATA. LOBO.
ENGLISH. PORT PRASLIN. CARTERET BAY. DALRYMPLE.
ENGLISH. JERVIS'S BAY. GULF ST. VINCENT.
ENGLISH. COOK. 1803. D. C. A. C.
ENGLISH. PORT DALRYMPLE. LHOTSKY.
ENGLISH. PORT DALRYMPLE. BROWN & D. C.
ENGLISH. WAIGIOO? NEW GUINEA?
ENGLISH. VAN DIEMEN'S LAND. AUSTRALIA.
ENGLISH. MANICOLO. NEW GUINEA.
ENGLISH. NEW CALEDONIA. NEW IRELAND.
ENGLISH. NEW CALEDONIA. MANICOLO.
ENGLISH. NEW CALEDONIA, D. C. WAIGIOO, D. C., &C.
ENGLISH. ANDAMAN. MISCELLANEOUS.
The author concluded his paper with the following observations:--
5. The Van Diemen's Land and Australian are similarly related.
NOTE A.
NOTE B.
ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA (1859).
APPENDIX TO JUKES'S VOYAGE OF HMS FLY.
IV. The Blacks of Australia.
V. The Tasmanian Blacks or the Blacks of Van Diemen's Land.
I. The Andaman Blacks will not be considered in the present note.
1. For New Ireland.
3. Mallicollo--Cook's Vocabulary.
5. Erromango--a few words by Bennet, in Marsden.
6. Annatom--Ditto.
1. Arm = _ibarana_, Ombay; _porene_, Pine Gorine dialect of Australia.
2. Hand = _ouiue_, Ombay; _hingue_, New Caledonia.
7. Bosom = _ami_, Ombay; _naem_, Darnley Island.
9. Belly = _te-kap-ana_, Ombay; _coopoi_, (= navel) Darnley Island.
10. Stars = _ipi-berre_, Mangarei; _bering_, _birrong_, Sydney.
11. Hand = _tanaraga_, Mangarei; _taintu_, Timbora; _tamira_, Sydney.
12. Head = _jahé_, Mangarei; _chow_, King George's Sound.
14. Moon = _mang'ong_, Timbora; _meuc_, King George's Sound.
15. Sun = _ingkong_, Timbora; _coing_, Sydney.
16. Blood = _kero_, Timbora; _gnoorong_, Cowagary dialect of Australia.
17. Head = _kokore_, Timbora; _gogorrah_, Cowagary.
18. Fish = _appi_, Mangarei; _wapi_, Darnley Island.
4. Hair = _moos_, Darnley Island; _mooche_, Massied; _maow_, Chinese.
5. Country = _gaed_; Darnley Island; _kaha_, Ternati.
6. Black = _gooli_, Darnley Island; _houli_, Tongataboo.
ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA (1859).
2. Fire (flames)--_ka-lla_, _gad-la_, in W. Australian and Parnkalla.
Thus, the Limbakarajia personal pronouns are--
ENGLISH. REDSCAR BAY. ERROOB.
ENGLISH MBAYA ABIPONI MOKOBI
ENGLISH MOXA(1)[28] MOXA(2) MOXA(3)
ENGLISH. WESTERN TASMANIAN.
ENGLISH. CIRCULAR HEAD.
ENGLISH. EASTERN TASMANIAN.
ENGLISH UTANATA LOBO
NOTES AND ADDENDA.
ON A ZAZA VOCABULARY.
MAY THE 23RD.
ENGLISH. ZAZA.
BY THE REVEREND C. ABRAHAM.
MALLICOLO OR SESOK?
MALLICOLO. ENGLISH.
ERROMANGO.
ERROMANGO. ENGLISH.
REMARKS.
ENG. UEA. YENGEN. BALAD. LIFU.
ENG. TANNA.
ENG. NEW CALEDONIAN.
ENGLISH. TWO.
ENGLISH. STURGIN & BRYANT. HAIDAHOF, TOLMIE.
With these, the few words in the Mithridates coincide
MITHRIDATES. TOLMIE.
ENGLISH. FRIENDLY VILLAGE. BILLECHOOLA.
1. The Numerals.--From Dixon--_Mithridates_, iii., 2, 115.
2. King George's Sound.--The Numerals, _Mith._, iii., 2; 115.
3. _Mozino's_ MS. _Vocabulary_.--See _Mith._, iii., 2.
ENGLISH. COOK'S NOOTKA. TOLMIE'S TLAOQUATCH.
7. The Wakash vocabulary of Jewitt.--_Archæol. Amer._, ii. 306.
ENGLISH. FUCA. TLAOQUATCH. WAKASH.
ENGLISH. ATNAH. NOOSDALUM.
1. Franchere's vocabulary; _Archæol. Americana_, ii., 379.
3. Cathlascou of Tolmie, J. G. S.
4. Chenook of Tolmie, _ibid._
1. Tolmie's vocabulary. J. G. S.
2. Parker's vocabulary. M. S. from Gallatin to Dr Prichard.
ENGLISH. SALISH. OKANAGAN.
1. Mr Tolmie's vocabulary.
2. Mr Parker's vocabulary M. S. from Gallatin to Dr Prichard.
1. Mr Tolmie's vocabulary.
2. Mr Parker's vocabulary M. S. from Gallatin to Dr Prichard.
3. _The Nagail_--See _Mackenzie's Travels_.
4. _The Taculli_--See _Archæol. Americ._, ii. 305.
ENGLISH. SITCA. CADIACK.
ENGLISH. TUNGHAAS. SITCA.
NOTES.
NOTE 1.
2. That the Wallawalla was Sahaptin.
ENGLISH. TLAOQ. & NOOTKA. COLUMBIA.
ENGLISH. SHAHAPTAN. WALLAWALLA. KLIKETAT.
NOTE 2.
19TH FEBRUARY 1845.
In the remaining part of the territory it is as follows:--
2. The Aglimut vocabulary of the Altas Ethnographique.
3. The Esquimaux of the Island of St Lawrence.--_Ibid._
6. The Esquimo of Norton Sound.--Cook's Voyages.
7. The Kuskokwimer vocabulary of Baer's Beiträge.
9. Unalashkan vocabularies by Lisiansky, Wrangell, Resanoff, and others.
10. The Andreanowsky Isles.--Robeck's vocabulary.--See Mithridates.
11. Cadiack vocabularies by Resanoff, Lisiansky, and Wrangell.
12. Tshugatshi vocabularies by Resanoff and Wrangell.
13. The Lord's Prayer in Jakutat, by Baranoff.--Mithridates.
15. The Ugalyachmutsi of the Mithridates.
1. The Koriack.
2. The Kamskadale.
4. The Corean.
5. The Japanese.
JANUARY 24, 1845.
2. _The Atna of Mackenzie._--This is a dialect of the Noosdalum.
ENGLISH. FALL-INDIAN OF UMFREVILLE. AHNENIN. MINETARE.
3. noghoh, _Mohican_; nakha, _Delaware_.
7. tzauks, _Kawitchen_, _Noosdalum_.
10. kippio, _Chimmesyan_.
ENGLISH. MANDAN. CROW.
ENGLISH. PAWNEE. RICAREE.
ENGLISH. SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO. SAN GABRIEL.
HAMILTON AND IRVINE. CASS.
BY J. A. ISBISTER.
ENGLISH. LOUCHEUX. KENAY.
NOTES.
ENGLISH. UTA[36] COMANCH[37]
ENGLISH. SAN GABRIEL. SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO.
ENGLISH. KIJ. NETELA.
ENGLISH. REVELY'S. COULTER'S.
ENGLISH. SAN LUIS OBISPO. SANTA BARBARA.
ENGLISH. SAN MIGUEL.
ENGLISH. SAN MIGUEL. SAN ANTONIO.
ENGLISH. LA SOLEDAD.
ENGLISH. MOFRAS SOL. HALE'S SOL.
1. The one represented by the San Miguel and San Antonio vocabulary.
2. The one represented by the Soledad of Hale.
ENGLISH. PUJUNI. SEKUMNE. TSAMAK.
ENGLISH. TALATUI. SAN RAPHAEL.
ENGL. U. SACR.
2. 3. The Tsalel and Killiwashat, on the Umkwa.
The numerals given by Mofras are as follows:--
ADDENDUM.--(Oct. 14, 1853.)
1. The Watsa-he-wa,--spoken by one of the bands of the Shasti family.
2. The Howteteoh.
3. The Nabittse.
The Choweshak and Batemdakaiee are allied. So are--
ENGLISH. WEEYOT. WISHOK.
ENGLISH. HOOPAH. NAVAHO. JECORILLA.
MAY 12, 1854.
4. The Mosquito (or Waikna) of the coast.
Here, Dr. Seemann has supplied:--
1. The Savaneric, from the northernmost part of Veragua.
2. The Bayano, from the river Chepo.
NOTE (1859).
NOVEMBER 25. 1850.
ENGLISH. CHOLO.
NOTE.
READ MAY 9TH. 1856.
The first groups of tongues thus noticed for the second time are--
I. THE IROQUOIS, and
ENGLISH. ARRAPAHO. SHYENNE.
ENGLISH. ARRAPAHO. OTHER ALGONKIN LANGUAGES.
1. The Artez-_kutshi_ = Hard people.
2. The Tshu-_kutshi_ = Water people.
3. The Tatzei-_kutshi_ = Rampart people; falling into four bands.
4. The Teystse-_kutshi_ = People of the shelter.
5. The Vanta-_kutshi_ = People of the lakes.
6. The Neyetse-_kutshi_ = People of the open country.
7. The Tlagga-silla = Little dogs.
1. The See-issaw-_dinni_ = Rising-sun-_men_.
2. The Tau-tsawot-_dinni_ = Birch-rind-_men_.
3. The Thlingeha-_dinni_ = Dog-rib-_men_.
4. The Etsh-tawút-_dinni_ = Thickwood-_men_.
5. The Ambah tawút-_dinni_ = Mountain-sheep-_men_.
6. The Tsillaw-awdút-_dinni_ = Bushwood-_men_.
XI. THE WAKASH of Quadra and Vancouver's Island.
D. The Sahaptin, and
ENGLISH. SAHAPTIN. CAYÚS.
CALIFORNIA.
For three of these we have vocabularies (Mr. Hale's):--
NUMERALS.
ENGLISH. SHASTI. PALAIK.
ENGLISH. SHOSHONI.
ENGLISH. JAKON.
South of the Shasti and Lutuami areas we find--
II. THE EHNIK.
III. THE TAHLEWAH.
ENGLISH. EHNEK. TAHLEWAH.
ENGLISH. KHWAKHLAMAYU. KULANAPO.
ENGLISH. WEITSPEK. KULANAPO.
ENGLISH. WEITSPEK. KULANAPO.
ENGLISH. COPEH. M. R. INDIAN. U. SACR.
ENGLISH. COPEH. SHASTI, ETC.
ENGLISH. SECUMNE. CUSHNA.
So are several other words besides; as--
1. The Mumaltachi.
2. The Mullateco.
3. The Apangasi.
4. The Lapappu.
5. The Siyante or Typoxi.
ENGLISH. TUOLUMNE. TALATUI.
ENGLISH. COSTANO. TSHOKOYEM.
ENGLISH. COCONOONS. TULARE.
2. _The San Gabriel, or Kij_, of San Gabriel and San Fernando.
ENGLISH. PIMA. CUCHAN. COCOMARICOPA. DIEGUNO.
OLD CALIFORNIA.
COCHIMI OF SAN XAVIER.
1. The _Waikur_, spoken in several dialects.
2. The _Ushiti_.
3. The _Layamon_.
4. The _Cochimi_, north, and
5. The _Pericu_; at the southern extremity of the peninsula.
6. A probably new form of speech used by some tribes visited by Linck.
To the names already mentioned
ENGLISH. ST. XAVIER. S. BORGIA. LORETTO. WAIKUR.
SONORA AND SINALOA.
OPATA.
HIAQUI.
TUBAR.
TARAHUMARA.
CORA.
The languages of
MECHOACAN.
These are--
PIRINDA PATERNOSTER.
TARASCA PATERNOSTER.
UTAH AND NEW MEXICO.
In Utah the philology is simple, all its forms of speech being
ENGLISH. NAVAHO. APATCH.
3. The Moqui is one of the languages of
THE PUEBLO INDIANS OF NEW MEXICO.
ENGLISH. ZUNI. TESUQUE.
The following are some of the most patent miscellaneous affinities:--
Of these the first two may be borrowed. In
KANZAS
For the _Kioway_ we want specimens. In
NEBRASKA
TEXAS.
Stem's statistics run thus:--
His other tribes are--
The _Witchita_ is probably one of these:--
ENGLISH. CADDO. WITCHITA.
MEXICO.--GUATIMALA.
TOTONACA.
Cross the watershed from Vera Paz to Oaxaca, and you come to the area of
MIXTECA PATERNOSTER.
HONDURAS AND SAN SALVADOR.
ENGLISH. GUAJIQUIRO. OPATORO. INTIBUCA.
NICARAGUA.
And now we pass to the Debateable Ground. The language of
THE MOSKITO COUNTRY
ENGLISH. NAGRANDA. CHORETEGA.
ENGLISH. WULWA. WAIKNA.
COSTA RICA.
ENGLISH. TALAMENCA.
VERAGUA.
These being for
ENGLISH. CUNACUNA. DARIEN.
It is also the same as some short specimens of the Mithridates; where
ADDENDA.
ENGLISH. MOKOROSI. MOXA.
Also, the following numerals in Balbi, perhaps, taken from the above:--
ENGLISH. TIMUACUANA.
ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA
ENGLISH. AHNENIN.
CHEROKEE AND CADDO.
CHEROKEE AND IROQUOIS.
ENGLISH. NAVAHO. PINALENO.
ENGLISH. KÚTANI.
MISCELLANEOUS AFFINITIES.
ENGLISH. PIEDE.
ENGLISH. KIOWAY.
ENGLISH. CHEMUHUEVI. CAHUILLO.
ENGLISH. MOHAVE. CUCHAN. DIEGUNO. COCOMANCOPA.
ENGLISH. O. CALIFORNIAN. YUMA.
ENGLISH. TARAHUMARA. PIMA.
ENGLISH. ACOMA. COCHETIME. KIWOMI.
ENGLISH. KICHAI. HUECO.
1. *Coshattas--Unknown.
2. Towiach--Pawni (?).
3. Lipan--Athabaskan (?).
4. *Alish, or Eyish--Caddo (?).
5. *Acossesaw--Unknown.
6. Navaosos--Navahos (?).
7. *Mayes--Attacapa (?).
8. *Cances--Unknown.
12. Mascovie--Unknown.
14. Waco--Wico?--Pawni.
15. *Avoyelle--Unknown.
16. 17. Washita--Kiche--Pawni.
18. *Xaramene--Unknown.
19. *Caicache--Unknown.
20. *Bidias--Unknown.
21. Caddo--Caddo.
22. Attacapa--Attacapa.
23. Adahi--Adahi.
24. Coke--Carackahua.
25. Carankahua--Attacapa (?).
26. Towacano--Numbering 141 souls. Is this Towiach?
27. Hitchi--Kichi (?).
30. *Yatassi.
2. That the Zoque, Utlateca, and Lacondona may or may not be Maya.
3. That the Totanaca; and
4. The Mixteca are other than Maya.
1. _The Woccon_--extinct, and allied to----
3. _The Tinqua_--see Ludwig.
4. _The Timuacuana_--see p. 377.
6. _The Natchez_--on the Mississippi, facing the Caddos, Adahi.
1. The Wataree;
2. The Eeno--Compare this name with the Texian Ini;
3. The Chowah, or Chowan;
4. The Congaree;
5. The Nachee--Compare with Natchez; word for word;
6. The Yamassee;
7. The Coosah--Compare (word for word) Coosada, and Coshatta.
In the island of Malhado were spoken languages of
On the coast--
ENGLISH. ESKIMO. ALEUTIAN. KAMSKADALE.
ENGLISH. LATIN. CAYUSE. WILLAMET.
ENGLISH. BEAVER INDIAN. CHIPPEWYAN.
ENGLISH. SELISH. CHINUK. SHOSHONI.
ENGLISH. WISH-OSK. WIYOT.
ENGLISH. HUPAH. TAHLEWAH.
ENGLISH. DUGUNO. CUCHAN.
Transcriber's Notes
Page 56: changed "wee" to "we" (we see us (each other) again)
Page 64: changed acute accent to circumflex (ἐῖπα _dixi_)
Page 70: added missing comma in list (φειδέσθ', κεντείτ')
Page 77: changed "is is" to "is" (because the consonant is doubled.)
Page 78: changed "sayig" to "saying" (prevents us from saying)
Page 91: added missing period ( ... the price of it" (Yates p. 184).)
Page 99: added missing smooth breathing (φιλίαν καὶ ἀμνηστίαν)
Page 99: changed "ων" to "ὧν" (τυχόντες δὲ ὧν ἠξίουν ἀφῇραν)
Page 112: added acute accent to τοὺς (τοὺς δὲ Γἐτας)
Page 116: changed "A." to "A.D." (who between A.D. 200 and ...)
Page 161: changed "foer" to "four" (the four works enumerated)
Page 162: changed postposition "tu" to "-ut`" (_-am_ _-ut`_, _-inc`_;)
Page 164: changed "s" to "is" (Then for the plural it is _h-_)
Page 168: added missing period after "3" ((3.) the Lesgian.)
Page 179: changted "There" to "These" (These are to the effect that ...)
Page 181: changed "dermine" to "determine" (enables us to determine.)
Page 198: changed "by" to "be" (These _may_ be indigenous.)
Page 220: changed "Sy ney" to "Sydney" (11.... _tamira_, Sydney.)
Page 265: changed "So" to "To" (_To say_ Heisha)
Page 266: changed "THR" to "THE" (BEFORE THE ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY)
Page 279: changed "ohild" to "child" (English _child_.)
Page 282: changed "Elackfoot" to "Blackfoot" (_Blackfoot_ katokin.)
Page 291: changed "Natchev" to "Natchez" (_Natchez_ wastanem.)
Page 291: changed "Angonkin" to "Algonkin" (_Old Algonkin_ wabi.)
Page 295: changed "Omakaw" to "Omahaw" (_Omahaw_ ni.)
Page 296: changed "Konaz" to "Konza" (_Konza_ shappeh.)
Page 309: changed "mutsnm" to "mutsum" (_nine_ matshum mutsum)
Page 312: changed "macrene" to "macréne" (non maroté jessember macréne)
Page 328: changed "Cre" to "Cree" (Cree, _awâsis_ = child.)
Page 335: changed "Lhis" to "This" (This brings us to the _Kenay_.)
Page 341: changed "Lutuomi" to "Lutuami" (In Lutuami _lak_ = _hair_.)
Page 354: changed "farthey" to "far they" (how far they were separate)
Page 362: changed "weman" to "woman" (_English_, woman.)
Page 362: changed "Lapuna" to "Laguna" (Laguna, _kowah_.)
Page 368: changed "Te" to "The" (The _Adahi_ has already been noticed)
Page 368: changed "Apatsh" to "Apatch" (So does the Apatch.)
Page 369: changed "speeh" to "speech" (Cumanch forms of speech)
Page 378: changed "for" to "far" ( ... was far too broad and trenchant.)
Page 379: "aw" was printed inverted (----, _black_ awtamahat.)
Page 399: changed "e. q." to "e. g." (_e. g._ in the Attacapa)
Page 400: changed "probably" to "probable" (the highly probable fact)
Page 403: changed "Nachez" to "Natchez" (Natchez _ptsasong_ = _hair_.)
Page 406: changed "whethen" to "whether" (or, whether _vice versa_)
Page 409: changed "Attacape" to "Attacapa" (Attacapa _kagg_.)
Page 410: added missing "to" (It is also to be added)