_man_ caiuquanoquts todekitz.
_woman_ chequoike cahheie.
_head_ quitatso atskiestacat.
_hair_ itscoso ishkesteatz.
_face_ itscot ichcoh.
_ear_ atikoroso ortz.
_eye_ quideeco kidik.
_nose_ chuscarao tisk.
_mouth_ hokinnik ahcok.
_tongue_ hahtok hotz.
_tooth_ athnesho ahtk.
_hand_ ichshene ishk'ti.
_foot_ usinic os.
_fire_ yecenieto hatz.
_water_ kiokoh kitsah.
_one_ arishco cheos.
_two_ chosho witz.
_three_ tahwithco tow.
_four_ kithnucote tahquitz.
_five_ xs'toweo ishquitz.
_six_ nahitow kiash.
_seven_ tsowetate kiowhitz.
_eight_ naikinukate kiatou.
_nine_ taniorokat choskitte.
_ten_ x'skani skittewas.
Turner makes these three languages Pawni. In the present text
the Witshita is made Caddo. It is made so on the strength of the
numerals--perhaps overhastily.
That a language may be Pawni without ceasing to be Caddo, and Caddo
without losing its place in the Pawni group is suggested in the
beginning of the paper. Turner's table (p. 70), short as it is,
encourages this view.
The truth is that the importance of the Caddos and Pawnis, from
an ethnological point of view, is inordinately greater than their
importance in any other respect. They are, however, but imperfectly
known.
In Gallatin's first paper--the paper of the Archæologia
Americana--there is a Caddo vocabulary and a Pawni vocabulary; and all
that be said of them is that they are a little more like each other,
than they are to the remaining specimens.
When the paper under notice was published the Riccaree was wholly
unknown. But the Riccaree, when known, was shewn to be more Pawni than
aught else. This made the Pawni a kind of nucleus for a class.
¶ Somewhat later the Caddo confederacy in Texas took prominence, and
the Caddo became a nucleus also.
The true explanation of this lies in the highly probable fact that both
the Caddo and Pawni are members of one and the same class. At the same
time I am quite prepared to find that the Witshita (though compared
with the Caddo by myself) is more particularly Pawni.
That the nearest congeners of the Caddo and Pawni class were the
members of the Iroquois, Woccoon, Cherokee, and Chocta group I
believed at an early period of my investigations; at a time (so to
say) before the Riccarees, and the Californian populations were
invented. If this doctrine were true, the Caddo (Pawni) affinities
would run eastwards. They may do this, and run westwards also. That
they run eastwards I still believe. But I have also seen Caddo and
Pawni affinities in California. The Caddo numeral _one_ = _whiste_; in
Secumne and Cushna _wikte_, _wiktem_. Again the Caddo and Kichie for
_water_ = _koko_, _kioksh_. Meanwhile kik is a true Moquelumne form.
This I get from a most cursory inspection; or rather from memory.
Upon the principle that truth comes out of error more easily than
confusion I give the following notice of the distribution or want of
distribution of the numerous Texian tribes.