3. Hence, the only inseparable form of the personal pronoun is to be
found when it governs the verb. In this case the forms are:
_Sa-ra_ = I _Ha-ra_ = we
_Wa-ra_ = thou _S`a-ru_ = ye
_Ui_ = he _U-bart`_ = they.
In _sa-ra_, _wa-ra_, _ha-ra_, _s`a-ra_, the _-ra_ is non radical. The
word _u-bart`_ is a compound.
The ordinal = _first_ is _achani_. This seems formed from _aka_ = _one_.
The ordinal = _second_ is _agi_. This seems unconnected with the
word _wi-_ = _two_; just as in English, _second_ has no etymological
connection with _two_.
The remaining ordinals are formed, by affixing _-nto_, and (in some
case) prefixing _-a_; as
_Cardinals._ _Ordinals._
3, Chi-_ba_[11] _A_-chi-_nto_
4, P`s`i-_ba_ _A_-p`s`i-_nto_
5, Chu-_ba_ _A_-chu-_nto_
6, F-_ba_ F-_into_
7, Bis`-_ba_ Bs-_into_
8, Aa-_ba_ _A_-a-_nto_
9, S`-_ba_ S`b-_into_
10, S`wa-_ba_ Sw-_ento_.
[Footnote 11: Non-radical.]
In the Absné verbs the distinction of time is the only distinction
denoted by any approach to the character of an inflection; and here
the change has so thoroughly the appearance of having been effected
by the addition of some separate and independent words, that it is
doubtful whether any of the following forms can be considered as true
inflections.
_Root_, C'wis`l = _ride_
1. _Present_, C'wis`l-_ap_ = _I ride_[12] = _equito_.
2. _Present_, C'wis`l-_oit_ = _I am riding_.
_Imperfect_, C'wis`l-_an_ = _equitabam_.
_Perfect_, C'wis`l-_it_ = _equitavi_.
_Plusquamperfect_, C'wis`l-_chén_ = _equitaveram_.
_Future_, C'wis`l-_as`t_ = _equitabo_.
[Footnote 12: Or, _am in the habit of riding_.]
The person and number is shown by the pronoun. And here must be noticed
a complication. The pronoun appears in two forms:--
1st. In full, _sara_, _wara_ &c.
2nd. As an inseparable prefix; the radical letter being prefixed and
incorporated with the verb. It cannot, however, be said that this is a
true inflexion.
1.
_Sing._ 1. _sara s_-c'wisl-_oit_ = _I ride_
2. _wara u_-c'wisl-_oit_ = _thou ridest_
3. _ui i_-c'wisl-_oit_ = _he rides_.
2.
_Plur._ 1. _hara ha_-c'wisl-_oit_ = _we ride_
2. _s`ara s`_-c'wisl-_oit_ = _ye ride_
3. _ubart r_-c'wisl-_oit_ = _they ride_
In respect to the name of the class under notice I suggested in 1850
the term Dioscurian from the ancient Dioscurias. There it was that
the chief commerce between the Greeks and Romans, and the natives of
the Caucasian range took place. According to Pliny, it was carried
on by thirty interpreters, so numerous were the languages. The great
multiplicity of mutually unintelligible tongues is still one of the
characteristics of the parts in question. To have used the word
_Caucasian_ would have been correct, but inconvenient. It is already
_mis_-applied in another sense, _i. e._, for the sake of denoting the
so-called Caucasian race, consisting, or said to consist, of Jews,
Greeks, Circassians, Scotchmen, ancient Romans, and other heterogeneous
elements.
In his paper on the Mongolian Affinities of the Caucasians, published
in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1853) Mr. Hodgson has
both confirmed and developed the doctrine here indicated--his _data_
on the side of Caucasus being those of the Asia Polyglotta, but those
on the side of Tibet and China being vastly augmented; and that, to a
great extent, through his own efforts and researches.
Upon the evidence of Mr. Hodgson I lay more than ordinary value; not
merely on the strength of his acumen and acquirements in general, but
from the fact of his _ex-professo_ studies as a naturalist leading him
to over-value rather than under-value those differences of physical
conformation that (to take extreme forms) contrast the Georgian and
Circassian noble with the Chinese; or Tibetan labourer. Nevertheless,
his evidence is decided.