CIRCASSIAN.

In the Absné dialect _ab_ = _father_, _ácĕ_ = _horse_; _ab

ácĕ_ = _father's horse_, (verbally, _father horse_). Here position

does the work of an inflection.

The use of prepositions is as limited as that of inflections, _sara

s-ab ácĕ ist`ap_ _I my-father horse give_, or _giving am_; _abna amus`w

izbt_ = _wood bear see-did_ = _I saw a bear in the wood_; _awinĕ wi

as`wkĕ_ = (in) _house two doors_; _ácĕ sis`lit_ = (on) _horse mount

I-did_.

Hence, declension begins with the formation of the plural number. This

consists in the addition of the syllable _k`wa_.

_Acĕ_ = _horse_; _ácĕ_-_k`wa_ = _horses_.

_Atsla_ = _tree_; _astla_-_k`wa_ = _trees_.

_Awinĕ_ = _house_; _awinĕ_-_k`wa_ = _houses_.

In the pronouns there is as little inflection as in the substantives

and adjectives, _i. e._ there are no forms corresponding to _mihi_,

_nobis_, &c.

1. When the pronoun signifies possession, it takes an inseparable form,

is incorporated with the substantive that agrees with it, and is _s-_

for the first, _w-_ for the second, and _i-_ for the third, person

singular. Then for the plural it is _h-_ for the first person, _s`-_

for the second, _r-_ for the third: _ab_ = father;

_S-ab_ = _my father_; _h-ab_ = _our father_.

_W-ab_ = _thy father_; _s`-ab_ = _your father_.

_T-ab_ = _his (her) father_; _r-ab_ = _their father_.

Opuscula: Essays chiefly Philological and Ethnographical · 第 104 / 493 题