1. That it has certainly grown out of the fuller forms _ka_ or _ga_.

2. That it has, probably, grown out of a still fuller form _kam_ or

_gam_.

3. That this fuller form is the Gothic equivalent of the Latin

_cum_ = _with_.

Such are the views respecting the _form_ of the word in question.

Respecting its _meaning_, the following points seem to be made out:--

1. That when prefixed to nouns (as is, not rarely, the case), it

carries with it the idea of _association_ or _collection_:--M. G.

_sinþs_ = _a journey_, _ga-sinþa_ = _a companion_; O. M. G. _perc_ =

_hill_; _ki-pirki_ = (_ge-birge_) _a range of hills_.

2. That it has also a _frequentative_ power. Things which recur

frequently recur with a tendency to collection or association:--M. H.

G. _ge-rassel_ = _rustling_; _ge-rumpel_ = _crumpling_.

3. That it has also the power of expressing the possession of a

quality:--

A.-S. Eng. A.S. Latin.

feax _hair_, _ge_-feax _comatus_.

heorte _heart_, _ge_-heort _cordatus_.

This is because every object is associated with the object that

possesses it--_a sea with waves_ = _a wavy sea_.

The present writer has little doubt that the Tumali grammar of Dr.

Tutshek supplies a similar (and at the same time a very intelligible)

application of a particle equivalent to the Latin _cum_.

He believes that the Tumali word = _with_ is what would commonly be

called the sign of the plural number of the personal pronouns; just

as _me-cum_ and _te-cum_ would become equivalents to _nos_ and _vos_,

if the first syllables were nominative instead of oblique, and if the

preposition denoted indefinite conjunction. In such a case

_mecum_ would mean _I conjointly_ = _we_,

_tecum_ would mean _thou conjointly_ = _ye_.

Such is the illustration of the possible power of a possible

combination. The reasons for thinking it to have a reality in one

language at least lie in the following forms:--

Opuscula: Essays chiefly Philological and Ethnographical · 第 57 / 493 题