Traveling Engine
The Traveling Engineers' Association to Improve the Locomotive Engine Service of American Railroads Examination Questions and Answers for Firemen for Promotion and New Men for Employment
作者：Traveling Engineers' Association
体例：题 章数：436
字数：260,043 来源：Project Gutenberg
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章节目录
共 436 题- EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
- FIRST SERIES
- 4. Q. On what principle does a steam gauge work?
- 5. Q. What is the source of power in a steam locomotive?
- 7. Q. What is steam, and how is it generated?
- 8. Q. What is the purpose of the water gauge glass and gauge cocks?
- 10. Q. At what temperature does water boil?
- 11. Q. What is carbon?
- 12. Q. What is the composition of bituminous coal?
- 13. Q. What is combustion?
- 14. Q. Is air necessary for combustion?
- 16. Q. Why must air be heated before combining with coal?
- 19. Q. Give a practical definition of the igniting temperature.
- 21. Q. How is draft created through the fire?
- 22. Q. Is smokeless firing practicable?
- 24. Q. How should the blower be used?
- 28. Q. In what condition should the fire be to consume these gases?
- 29. Q. What is the temperature of the fire when in this condition?
- 30. Q. How can the fire be maintained in this condition?
- 31. Q. What is black smoke? Is it combustible?
- 44. Q. Where should the coal, as a rule, be placed in the fire-box?
- 45. Q. How is the fire affected by and what causes clinkers?
- 46. Q. How can you best avoid their formation and dispose of them?
- 50. Q. Has improper firing any tendency to cause the tubes to leak? How?
- 51. Q. What do you consider abuse of a boiler?
- 53. Q. What causes honeycomb over the flues?
- 56. Q. Should rapid firing be practiced?
- 57. Q. When and why should you wet the coal on the tender?
- 58. Q. What are the advantages of a large grate surface?
- 62. Q. What are the duties of a fireman on arrival at the terminal?
- 1. Q. What is an air brake?
- 2. Q. How is this air compressed?
- 4. Q. What is the purpose of the main reservoir?
- 5. Q. What other appliances use main reservoir air?
- 6. Q. What does the red hand on each of the air gauges indicate?
- 7. Q. What does the black hand on each of the air gauges indicate?
- 8. Q. What pressure is usually carried in the main reservoir?
- 9. Q. What pressure is usually carried in the brake pipe?
- 11. Q. Name the different positions of the automatic brake valve.
- 12. Q. Name the different positions of the independent brake valve.
- 13. Q. How many kinds of triple valves are there in use?
- 14. Q. How is the automatic brake applied? How released?
- 16. Q. What controls the pressure in the main reservoir?
- SECOND SERIES
- 1. Q. What, in your opinion, is the best way to fire a locomotive?
- 3. Q. How is the saving in water produced?
- 4. Q. How is the saving in coal accomplished?
- 5. Q. How is the increased boiler capacity obtained?
- 6. Q. How is a more powerful engine obtained?
- 8. Q. Describe the construction and location of the header.
- 12. Q. What should be the position of throttle while drifting?
- 15. Q. Describe the general form of a locomotive boiler.
- 18. Q. Describe a locomotive fire-box.
- 19. Q. To what strains is a fire-box subjected?
- 20. Q. How are the sheets of a fire-box supported?
- 21. Q. In what manner is a crown sheet supported?
- 22. Q. What are the bad features about crown bars?
- 23. Q. What are the advantages of radial stayed crown sheets?
- 25. Q. Describe the ash-pan and its use.
- 26. Q. What is a "wagon-top" boiler?
- 27. Q. Why are boilers provided with steam domes?
- 28. Q. What must be the condition of a boiler to give the best results?
- 29. Q. What is meant by "circulation" in a boiler?
- 33. Q. What effect has the stoppage of a large number of flues?
- 34. Q. Why are boiler checks placed so far away from the fire-box?
- 35. Q. What part of the boiler has the greatest pressure? Why?
- 36. Q. What are the advantages of the extension front end?
- 37. Q. What is the purpose of a netting in a smoke-box or front end?
- 38. Q. What is the object of hollow staybolts?
- 39. Q. What will cause the engine to tear holes in the fire?
- 42. Q. How does this affect the fire?
- 46. Q. What causes "pull" on the fire-box door?
- 49. Q. Describe the principle upon which the injector works.
- 62. Q. Name the various parts of the injector.
- 63. Q. What may be done if a combining tube is obstructed?
- 70. Q. Give a practical definition of heating surface.
- 80. Q. How many drops per minute should ordinarily be fed?
- 82. Q. If a sight feed gets stopped up, how could you clean it out?
- 83. Q. How would you clean out chokes?
- 84. Q. What is superheated steam?
- 87. Q. How much is the volume of steam increased by superheating?
- 90. Q. How can you tell if equalizer tubes become stopped up or broken?
- 1. Q. Explain how an air compressor should be started.
- 3. Q. Where does the main reservoir pressure begin and end?
- 4. Q. Where does the brake pipe pressure begin and end?
- 6. Q. Why is excess pressure necessary?
- 7. Q. How is the amount of excess pressure regulated?
- 8. Q. Name the different parts of the air brake as applied to a car.
- 9. Q. What is the duty of the triple valve?
- 10. Q. What is the purpose of the auxiliary reservoir?
- 11. Q. What is the purpose of the brake cylinder?
- 12. Q. What is the purpose of the brake pipe and angle cocks?
- 13. Q. What is the purpose of the cut-out cock?
- 14. Q. How is a brake cut out?
- 15. Q. How would you bleed an auxiliary reservoir?
- 16. Q. How would you bleed off a stuck brake?
- 2. Q. How warm should the oil be at all times in the tank.
- 3. Q. If the oil is too warm, what happens?
- 5. Q. What is liable to happen if the heater valve is open too much?
- 10. Q. How should the fire be lighted in an oil burning locomotive?
- 12. Q. What is termed an atomizer, and what does it perform?
- 22. Q. How should the fire be handled when switching?
- 23. Q. Would not some fuel be wasted in this way?
- 24. Q. How should the fire be handled when leaving stations?
- 27. Q. If too much steam jet atomizer is used with a light fire?
- 28. Q. When the fire kicks and smokes, what should be done?
- 29. Q. How should the dampers be used on an oil burning locomotive?
- 31. Q. What color is most desirable at peep holes in the fire-box?
- 32. Q. What will produce the bright red color?
- 33. Q. How does water in the oil affect the fire?
- 42. Q. Do you consider a vent hole in oil tank advisable, and why?
- 47. Q. How is the flow of oil controlled?
- 48. Q. Name these valves, their location and purpose.
- 49. Q. When shutting out fire which valve should be closed first? Why?
- 52. Q. What is a heater box?
- 55. Q. What effect has leaks between fuel tank and firing valve?
- 56. Q. What effect has leaks between firing valve and burner?
- 58. Q. What would you consider the proper adjustment of burner?
- 62. Q. In case a petticoat pipe becomes deranged, what can be done?
- 64. Q. What causes the mouth of burner to corrode?
- 65. Q. How can this be removed on the road?
- 66. Q. Why should a fuel oil tank not be filled to its holding capacity?
- THIRD SERIES
- 2. Q. What tools should there be on the locomotive?
- 5. Q. What do you consider necessary to report on locomotive boilers?
- 10. Q. Why?
- 13. Q. What is meant by working steam expansively?
- 14. Q. How rapidly should water be supplied to the boiler?
- 19. Q. What work about a locomotive should be done by the engineman?
- 20. Q. How should the work of setting up the wedges be done?
- 21. Q. How should rod brasses be keyed?
- 24. Q. What is the necessity for keeping the brasses keyed up properly?
- 25. Q. What is meant by an engine out of tram? Out of quarter?
- 26. Q. Describe a piston valve.
- 28. Q. What is meant by inside and outside admission valves?
- 30. Q. What is an Allen ported valve, and what is its object?
- 35. Q. How would you locate broken exhaust ring in piston valve?
- 36. Q. What is meant by lead? What by line and line?
- 37. Q. What is meant by steam lap?
- 38. Q. What is meant by exhaust lap? What by exhaust clearance?
- 39. Q. What is meant by release? What by compression?
- 42. Q. Why are eccentric rods made adjustable?
- 43. Q. Why is it necessary to keep the cylinders free from water?
- 44. Q. Where is the piston rod packing located? Where cylinder packing?
- 53. Q. What shall be done with a badly leaking or bursted flue?
- 59. Q. What should be done in case of link saddle pin breaking?
- 60. Q. With one link blocked up, what should be guarded against?
- 61. Q. How can it be known if an eccentric has slipped on the axle?
- 63. Q. What should be done in case of a broken eccentric strap or rod?
- 67. Q. What is the by-pass valve, and what is its duty?
- 68. Q. What is a vacuum relief valve? What a cylinder relief valve?
- 69. Q. What would be considered a bad engine or tender truck wheel?
- 70. Q. What should be done if a tender truck wheel or axle should break?
- 72. Q. What should be done for a broken tender truck spring?
- 82. Q. What should be done if a steam chest cracks?
- 83. Q. What should be done if a steam chest breaks?
- 84. Q. If a link lifter or arm were broken, what should be done?
- 87. Q. What should be done when there is a loose or lost cylinder key?
- 88. Q. What should be done if a safety valve spring or stud breaks?
- 89. Q. How can an engine be brought in with a broken front end or stack?
- 91. Q. If the frame is broken back of the main driver?
- 92. Q. In case of broken side rods, what should be done?
- 97. Q. What are some of the various causes for pounds?
- 99. Q. How locate loose follower bolts?
- 100. Q. When should cross-heads or guides be reported to be lined?
- 101. Q. When should driving box wedges be reported to be lined?
- 103. Q. When should lost motion between engine and tender be taken up?
- 105. Q. Please explain the principle on which an injector works.
- 111. Q. How can a disconnected tank valve be opened without stopping?
- 112. Q. What comprises the steam heat equipment on a locomotive?
- 115. Q. How does the steam heat reducing valve control the pressure?
- 118. Q. What constitutes abuse of an engine?
- 119. Q. How are accidents and breakdown best prevented?
- 121. Q. What is the most important bolt or nut on the locomotive?
- 6. Q. How should a compound engine be lubricated?
- 7. Q. Why feed more oil to high than to a low-pressure cylinder?
- 10. Q. How should a compound locomotive be started with a long train?
- 13. Q. What does steam blowing at the three-way cock indicate?
- 16. Q. In the event of a breakdown, how should one disconnect?
- 19. Q. How are the blows in a compound located?
- 27. Q. How many main steam valves has each type?
- 30. Q. How test for piston packing blow with balanced compound?
- 34. Q. How do you get the use of both engines when starting a train?
- 43. Q. What power is used with Ragonnet or Baldwin power reverse gear?
- 44. Q. Can and should steam pressure be used?
- 1. Q. Give a brief explanation of the Walschaert valve gear.
- 2. Q. Is the Walschaert gear direct or indirect?
- 7. Q. If the main crank pin was broken?
- 8. Q. Broken cross-head pin, main rod, strap or brasses?
- 12. Q. How proceed with a broken reach rod?
- 14. Q. What is the Baker-Pilliod valve gear?
- 15. Q. Is the Baker gear a direct or an indirect motion?
- 17. Q. What relation to the main pin is the eccentric crank set to?
- 19. Q. What is to be done should a gear connection rod break?
- 21. Q. What is to be done should a radius bar break?
- 22. Q. If the horizontal arm of bell crank should break?
- 23. Q. What is to be done should the vertical arm or bell crank break?
- 24. Q. Should you break cross-head arm or union link, what would you do?
- 25. Q. What do you do if a union link should break?
- 26. Q. What is to be done if a combination lever should break?
- 27. Q. What is to be done if a valve rod breaks?
- 28. Q. What is to be done if a reverse yoke breaks?
- 29. Q. What do you do if reach rod should break?
- 1. Q. If the eccentric crank or eccentric rods fail?
- 2. Q. If radius hanger fails?
- 3. Q. If transmission yoke fails?
- 4. Q. If horizontal arm of bell crank fails?
- 5. Q. If vertical arm to bell crank breaks?
- 6. Q. If one auxiliary reach rod or reverse shaft arm fail?
- 2. Q. What is lubrication and its object?
- 4. Q. How should feeders of all oil cups be adjusted?
- 7. Q. What kind of oil should be used on hot bearings?
- 8. Q. At completion of trip what is necessary?
- 11. Q. How do you adjust grease cups as applied to rods?
- 12. Q. Is it usual for pins to run warm when using grease?
- 13. Q. What effect does too much pressure produce?
- 14. Q. Is it necessary to use oil with grease on crank pins?
- 16. Q. Why should engine oil not be used on valves and cylinders?
- 20. Q. How should the lubricator be filled?
- 21. Q. After filling lubricator, what should be done?
- 23. Q. How many drops should be fed per minute?
- 3. Q. What constitutes a safety appliance, as applied to a locomotive?
- 4. Q. Name some of the safety appliances found on a locomotive?
- 5. Q. In what condition should safety appliances be maintained?
- 1. Q. Why are electric headlights applied to locomotives?
- 3. Q. State how you would focus the lamp.
- 8. Q. Why should you not use valve oil in these bearings?
- 9. Q. What is the most vital part of the dynamo?
- 10. Q. What care or attention should be given the commutator?
- 11. Q. What kind of a bearing should the brush have on the commutator?
- 12. Q. How are the brushes fitted?
- 13. Q. Is it advisable to ever try to fit a brush with a file or knife?
- 15. Q. How should the copper electrode be trimmed at the point?
- 16. Q. How far should the copper electrode project over the holder?
- 22. Q. If the dash-pot should be found stuck, would you put oil in it?
- 24. Q. If the copper electrode was fusing, how would you know it?
- 25. Q. What should be done when a green light is seen?
- 26. Q. What is the cause of the fusing of the copper electrode?
- 33. Q. Why is it essential to shut off steam and stop the equipment?
- 34. Q. How does the equipment act when short-circuited?
- 37. Q. What should be done?
- 39. Q. In this case what should be done?
- 44. Q. What is meant by an incandescent headlight equipment?
- 46. Q. What type of incandescent lamp is used in the reflector?
- 48. Q. How is the lamp held in place in the reflector?
- 50. Q. How do you proceed when you wish to use the light?
- 51. Q. For what purpose is the dimmer, and how does it operate?
- 52. Q. How is an incandescent headlight focussed?
- 55. Q. How would you remedy the following possible defects?
- 1. Q. What is the speed of a Schroeder headlight dynamo?
- 2. Q. How is the speed altered?
- 3. Q. How would you proceed to change the speed of the governor?
- 4. Q. What is a short circuit?
- 5. Q. How does the dynamo act when short-circuited?
- 6. Q. What would be the result if left to run under that strain?
- 7. Q. What would you do if a short circuit developed while on the road?
- 8. Q. What is a volt?
- 9. Q. What is an ampere?
- 10. Q. What is the proper voltage of a Schroeder headlight?
- 11. Q. Can a person be injured by that voltage?
- 12. Q. What is the proper amperage of a Schroeder headlight?
- 13. Q. How often should the ball bearings be oiled?
- 14. Q. How often should the governor be oiled?
- 15. Q. What kind of oil should be used?
- 16. Q. Is it necessary to clean the electrode every trip?
- 17. Q. Why?
- 18. Q. What are the two causes of lamp burning green?
- 2. Q. At what speed should the turbine run?
- 3. Q. How is the speed controlled?
- 4. Q. How does the steam enter the turbine?
- 5. Q. About how much opening should this valve have?
- 6. Q. Can the lift of this valve be changed?
- 7. Q. How?
- 8. Q. Can this be done while the light is burning?
- 9. Q. What is necessary to do this?
- 10. Q. Is there any other method of setting speed?
- 11. Q. How?
- 13. Q. What?
- 14. Q. What kind of oil should be used in the "Buda-Ross" bearings?
- 15. Q. What style of generator is used.
- 16. Q. How many fields in this generator?
- 17. Q. What style field is used?
- 18. Q. What kind of wire is used on these fields?
- 20. Q. Where are the fields located?
- 21. Q. Why?
- 22. Q. How should ball bearing on dynamo end be lubricated?
- 24. Q. Why not?
- 25. Q. How many levers are there in the lamp?
- 30. Q. Is it possible to apply the bottom electrode holder wrong?
- A. No
- 31. Q. Why not?
- 32. Q. What would you do if you had no bottom electrode holder?
- 35. Q. State how you would go about to focus a lamp?
- 39. Q. Why would you not fill the main oil cellar full of oil?
- 40. Q. What is the most vital part of the dynamo?
- 41. Q. What care and attention should be given the commutator?
- 42. Q. How should you clean the commutator, and when?
- 43. Q. What kind of a bearing should the brush have on the commutator?
- 44. Q. How are the brushes fitted?
- 47. Q. How should the copper electrode be trimmed at the point?
- 48. Q. How far should the copper electrode project above the holder?
- 50. Q. If the dash pot should be found stuck, would you put oil in it?
- 53. Q. If the copper electrode was fusing, how would you know it?
- 54. Q. What should be done when a green light is seen?
- 55. Q. What is the cause of the copper electrode fusing?
- 61. Q. Why is it essential to shut off steam and stop the equipment?
- 62. Q. How does the equipment act when short circuited?
- 63. Q. How would you test for a broken circuit?
- 2. Q. How is the power controlled?
- 3. Q. For ordinary operation, how much steam pressure is required?
- 7. Q. How should the stoker be oiled and operated?
- 8. Q. How is the distribution of coal over the grate area accomplished?
- 13. Q. How can the fireman observe the condition of fire in fire-box?
- 14. Q. Why are two gauges necessary?
- 18. Q. How would you start and operate stoker?
- 19. Q. How would you start the stoker engine?
- 20. Q. How would you reverse conveyor screw in tank?
- 21. Q. How would you stop conveyor screw in tank?
- 22. Q. How would you reverse right or left elevator screw?
- 23. Q. How would you stop right or left elevator screw?
- 24. Q. How would you locate clogs in case the stoker stalls?
- 25. Q. How would you remove clogs?
- 26. Q. If the clog is in the tank conveyor, how would it be removed?
- 27. Q. How far should the conveyor screw be run backwards?
- COMPRESSOR GOVERNOR
- 2. Q. What does Fig. 1 represent?
- 3. Q. What is the duty of the compressor governor?
- 4. Q. How are the regulating portions of the governor designated?
- 11. Q. How long will the governor remain in this position?
- A. From the main reservoir direct. (See Fig. 1.)
- 15. Q. When does the maximum pressure head control the compressor?
- 17. Q. What is the adjustment of this spring?
- 19. Q. How long will the governor remain in this position?
- 22. Q. What is the object of the duplex or double head governor?
- 25. Q. What should be done?
- DEFECTS OF THE GOVERNOR
- 27. Q. What would be the effect if one or both of the pin valves leaked?
- 28. Q. How can you tell if the pin valves leak?
- 29. Q. What would be the effect if the relief port "c" stopped up?
- 30. Q. What would be the effect if the drain port "W" were stopped up?
- 32. Q. If the pipe breaks, what should be done?
- 36. Q. What is the purpose of the parasite reservoir?
- 37. Q. Explain the operation of the parasite governor.
- 38. Q. At what pressure is the regulating spring adjusted?
- 40. Q. What pressure is obtained in the parasite reservoir?
- 42. Q. What is the duty of the air compressor?
- 43. Q. Explain the operation of the steam end of the compressor.
- 45. Q. Explain the operation of the air end of the compressor.
- 46. Q. What lift should the air valves have?
- 49. Q. How often should the air end of the compressor be oiled?
- CROSS-COMPOUND COMPRESSOR
- 50. Q. What do Figures 4 and 5 represent?
- 51. Q. Why is this called a cross-compound compressor?
- 52. Q. How many cylinders have the cross-compound compressor?
- 53. Q. What is the diameter of the different cylinders?
- 54. Q. Explain the valve gear of this compressor.
- 57. Q. Explain the operation of this compressor.
- 58. Q. Explain the operation of the air end of the compressor.
- 59. Q. How many valves are there in the air end of the compressor?
- 60. Q. Are the air valves all the same size?
- 61. Q. What lift is given the different air valves?
- DEFECTS OF THE COMPRESSOR
- 62. Q. What are some of the common causes for the compressor stopping?
- 63. Q. What will cause the piston to make an uneven stroke?
- 65. Q. What will cause the compressor to run slow?
- 69. Q. What will cause the piston to make a quick up stroke?
- 70. Q. What will cause the piston to make a quick down stroke?
- 74. Q. If an intermediate discharge valve breaks, what may be done?
- 76. Q. How would you test for a defective final discharge valve?
- 77. Q. If a final discharge valve breaks, what may be done?
- 80. Q. How may a compressor often be started when it stops?
- 81. Q. What will cause a compressor to short-stroke or dance?
- ENGINEER'S BRAKE VALVE
- 82. Q. Name the different positions of the G-6 and H-6 brake valves.
- 83. Q. What is the purpose of release position?
- 87. Q. What is the purpose of holding position?
- 88. Q. What is the purpose of lap position?
- 89. Q. What is the purpose of service position?
- 90. Q. What is the purpose of emergency position?
- DEFECTS OF THE BRAKE VALVE
- 94. Q. What would be the effect if the handle were moved to lap quickly?
- 96. Q. What is the purpose of the equalizing reservoir?
- THE FEED VALVE AND ITS DEFECTS
- 99. Q. What do Figures 6 and 7 represent?
- 100. Q. Name the different parts of the feed valve.
- 101. Q. Explain the operation of the feed valve.
- 102. Q. What is the duty of the feed valve?
- 105. Q. How should the feed valve be tested?
- INDEPENDENT BRAKE VALVE
- 110. Q. What is the purpose of release position?
- 111. Q. What is the purpose of running position?
- 112. Q. What is the purpose of lap position?
- 113. Q. What is the purpose of slow-application position?
- 114. Q. What is the purpose of quick-application position?
- DEAD ENGINE FEATURE
- 116. Q. What is the dead engine device?
- 117. Q. What is the purpose of this device?
- DISTRIBUTING VALVE
- 122. Q. What is the duty of the distributing valve?
- 123. Q. To what is the distributing valve attached?
- 124. Q. How many chambers has the distributing valve reservoir?
- 126. Q. To what do these different pipes connect?
- 136. Q. At what pressure is the safety valve adjusted?
- 138. Q. Explain the operation of the quick action cap.
- DISTRIBUTING VALVE DEFECTS
- 143. Q. If the safety valve leaks, what will be the effect?
- BROKEN PIPES
- TYPE K TRIPLE VALVE
- 151. Q. On what is this type of triple valve designed to operate?
- 152. Q. Explain the operation of the "K" triple valve.
- 160. Q. Explain the operation of the triple valve in emergency position.
- NEW YORK AIR BRAKE
- AIR COMPRESSOR
- 161. Q. What do Figures 19 and 20 represent?
- 162. Q. Of what does the valve gear of this compressor consist?
- 163. Q. How is the admission and exhaust of steam controlled?
- 164. Q. Explain the operation of the steam end of the compressor.
- 165. Q. Explain the operation of the air end of the compressor.
- 166. Q. What should be the lift of the different air valves?
- 170. Q. What will cause the compressor to run hot?
- L-T EQUIPMENT
- AUTOMATIC CONTROL VALVE
- 173. Q. What is the duty of the control valve?
- 181. Q. At what pressure is the safety valve adjusted?
- 182. Q. What types of brake valve are used with this equipment?
- BROKEN PIPES
- 184. Q. What will be the effect if the release pipe breaks?
- CONTROL VALVE DEFECTS
- MISCELLANEOUS
- 194. Q. What is meant by an application of the brake?
- 197. Q. Explain how a stop should be made with a freight train.
- 201. Q. What benefits are derived from the use of the retaining valve?
- 204. Q. When should brakes be tested?
- 205. Q. How should a terminal test of the brakes be made?
- 211. Q. How often should the main reservoir be drained?
- End of Project Gutenberg's The Traveling Engineers' Association, by Anonymous