Synopsis of

A Synopsis of the Birds of North America

Name: A Synopsis of the Birds of North America
Author: Audubon, John James, 1785-1851

作者：Audubon, John James, 1785-1851
体例：题　章数：469
字数：691,174　来源：Project Gutenberg

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A SYNOPSIS OF THE BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA.
JOHN JAMES AUDUBON, F.R.SS. L. & E.
PREFACE.
J. J. AUDUBON.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page
FAMILY I. VULTURINÆ. VULTURINE BIRDS, 1
Genus 1. Cathartes. Turkey-Vulture, 1
SYNOPSIS.
FAMILY I. VULTURINÆ. VULTURINE BIRDS, OR VULTURES.
FAMILY II. FALCONINÆ. FALCONINE BIRDS.
5. 1. Buteo Harrisii, Aud. Harris's Buzzard.
6. 2. Buteo vulgaris, Willoughby. Common Buzzard.
8. 4. Buteo Harlani, Aud. Harlan's Buzzard.--Black Warrior.
10. 6. Buteo Pennsylvanicus, Wils. Broad-winged Buzzard.
11. 7. Buteo lagopus, Vigors. Rough-legged Buzzard.
12. 1. Aquila Chrysaetos, Linn. Golden Eagle.
13. 1. Haliaetus Washingtoni, Aud. Washington Sea-Eagle.
15. 1. Pandion Haliaetus. Common Osprey.--Fish Hawk. Fishing Eagle.
16. 1. Elanus dispar, Temm. Black-shouldered Elanus.
17. 1. Ictinia plumbea, Gmel. Mississippi Ictinia.--Mississippi Kite.
18. 1. Nauclerus furcatus, Linn. Common Swallow-tailed Hawk.
21. 3. Falco columbarius, Linn. Pigeon Falcon.--Pigeon Hawk.
22. 4. Falco sparverius, Linn. Sparrow Falcon.--Sparrow Hawk.
23. 1. Astur palumbarius, Linn. Gos Hawk.
24. 2. Astur Cooperi, Bonap. Cooper's Hawk.
25. 3. Astur fuscus, Gmel. Sharp-shinned Hawk.
26. 1. Circus cyaneus, Linn. Common Harrier.
FAMILY III. STRIGINÆ. OWLS.
27. 1. Surnia funerea, Gmel. Hawk Day-Owl.--Hawk Owl.
28. 2. Surnia nyctea, Linn. Snowy Day-Owl.--Snowy Owl.
29. 3. Surnia passerina, Linn. Passerine Day-Owl.--Little Night Owl.
31. 5. Surnia cunicularia, Gmel. Burrowing Day-Owl.
30. 4. Surnia passerinoides, Temm. Columbian Day-Owl.
GENUS II. ULULA. NIGHT-OWL.
32. 1. Ulula Tengmalmi, Gmel. Tengmalm's Night-Owl.
33. 2. Ulula Acadica, Gmel. Acadian Night-Owl.--Little Owl. Saw-whet.
34. 1. Strix Americana, Aud. American Screech-Owl.--Barn Owl.
36. 2. Syrnium nebulosum, Linn. Barred Hooting-Owl. Barred Owl.
37. 1. Otus vulgaris, Fleming. Common Eared-Owl.--Long-eared Owl.
40. 2. Bubo Asio, Linn. Mottled Horned-Owl.
FAMILY VI CAPRIMULGINÆ. GOATSUCKERS.
42. 2. Caprimulgus vociferus, Wils. Whip-poor-will Goatsucker.
FAMILY V. CYPSELINÆ. SWIFTS.
FAMILY VI. HIRUNDINÆ. SWALLOWS.
45. 1. Hirundo purpurea, Linn. Purple Martin.
46. 2. Hirundo bicolor. Vieill. White-bellied Swallow.
47. 3. Hirundo fulva, Vieill. Cliff-Swallow,--Republican Swallow.
48. 4. Hirundo rustica, Linn. Chimney-Swallow.--Barn-Swallow.
49. 5. Hirundo thalassina, Swains. Violet-green Swallow.
50. 6. Hirundo riparia, Linn. Bank Swallow.
51. 7. Hirundo serripennis, Aud. Rough-winged Swallow.
FAMILY VII. MUSCICAPINÆ. FLYCATCHERS.
54. 1. Muscicapa verticalis, Say. Arkansaw Flycatcher.
55. 2. Muscicapa dominicensis, Brisson. Pipiry Flycatcher.
56. 3. Muscicapa Tyrannus, Linn. Tyrant Flycatcher,--King Bird.
57. 4. Muscicapa crinita, Linn. Great Crested Flycatcher.
59. 6. Muscicapa Saya, Bonap. Say's Flycatcher.
60. 7. Muscicapa nigricans, Swains. Rocky Mountain Flycatcher.
61. 8. Muscicapa Phœbe, Lath. Short-legged Pewit Flycatcher.
62. 9. Muscicapa acadica, Gmel. Small Green-crested Flycatcher.
63. 10. Muscicapa fusca, Gmel. Pewee Flycatcher.
64. 11. Muscicapa virens, Linn. Wood Pewee Flycatcher.
65. 12. Muscicapa Traillii, Aud. Traill's Flycatcher.
66. 13. Muscicapa pusilla, Swains. Least Pewee Flycatcher.
67. 14. Muscicapa minuta, Wils. Small-headed Flycatcher.
69. 1. Ptilogonys Townsendi, Aud. Townsend's Ptilogonys.
70. 1. Culicivora cœrulea, Lath. Blue-grey Gnat-catcher.
FAMILY VIII. SYLVICOLINÆ. WOOD-WARBLERS.
73. 3. Myiodioctes Bonapartii, Aud. Bonaparte's Flycatching Warbler.
75. 5. Myiodioctes Wilsonii, Bonap. Wilson's Flycatching Warbler.
78. 3. Sylvicola striata, Lath. Black-poll Wood-Warbler.
79. 4. Sylvicola pensilis, Lath. Yellow-throated Wood-Warbler.
82. 7. Sylvicola pinus, Lath. Pine-creeping Wood-Warbler.
83. 8. Sylvicola parus, Wils. Hemlock Warbler.
84. 9. Sylvicola virens, Lath. Black-throated Green Wood-Warbler.
85. 10. Sylvicola maritima, Wils. Cape May Wood-Warbler.
86. 11. Sylvicola cœrulea, Wils. Cœrulean Wood-Warbler.
88. 13. Sylvicola æstiva, Gmel. Yellow-Poll Warbler.
89. 14. Sylvicola Rathbonii, Aud. Rathbone's Wood-Warbler.
90. 15. Sylvicola petechia, Lath. Yellow Red-poll Wood-Warbler.
92. 17. Sylvicola Townsendi, Nutt. Townsend's Wood-Warbler.
93. 18. Sylvicola occidentalis, Towns. Hermit Wood-Warbler.
94. 19. Sylvia nigrescens, Towns. Black-throated Grey Wood-Warbler.
97. 22. Sylvicola discolor, Vieill. Prairie Wood-Warbler.
98. 23. Sylvicola montana, Wils. Blue-Mountain Warbler.
103. 4. Trichas Delafieldii, Aud. Delafield's Ground-Warbler.
104. 1. Helinaia Swainsonii, Aud. Swainson's Swamp-Warbler.
105. 2. Helinaia vermivora, Lath. Worm-eating Swamp-Warbler.
106. 3. Helinaia Protonotarius, Lath. Prothonotary Swamp-Warbler.
107. 4. Helinaia chrysoptera, Linn. Golden-winged Swamp-Warbler.
108. 5. Helinaia Bachmanii, Aud. Bachman's Swamp-Warbler.
109. 6. Helinaia carbonata, Aud. Carbonated Swamp-Warbler.
110. 7. Helinaia peregrina, Wils. Tennessee Swamp-Warbler.
111. 8. Helinaia solitaria, Wils. Blue-winged Yellow Swamp-Warbler.
112. 9. Helinaia celata, Say. Orange-crowned Swamp-Warbler.
113. 10. Helinaia rubricapilla, Wils. Nashville Swamp-Warbler.
114. 1. Mniotilta varia, Linn. Black-and-white Creeping Warbler.
FAMILY IX. CERTHIANÆ. CREEPERS.
115. 1. Certhia familiaris, Linn. Brown Tree-Creeper.
116. 1. Troglodytes obsoletus, Say. Rock-Wren.
117. 2. Troglodytes ludovicianus, Bonap. Great Carolina Wren.
118. 3. Troglodytes Bewickii, Aud. Bewick's Wren.
119. 4. Troglodytes Americanus, Aud. Wood-Wren.
120. 5. Troglodytes ædon, Vieill. House-Wren.
121. 6. Troglodytes hyemalis, Vieill. Winter-Wren.
122. 7. Troglodytes Parkmanii, Aud. Parkman's Wren.
123. 8. Troglodytes palustris, Wils. Marsh Wren.
124. 9. Troglodytes brevirostris, Nutt. Short-billed Marsh-Wren.
FAMILY X. PARINÆ. TITS.
127. 3. Parus Carolinensis, Aud. Carolina Tit.
128. 4. Parus Hudsonicus, Lath. Hudson's Bay Tit.
129. 5. Parus rufescens, Towns. Chestnut-backed Tit.
130. 6. Parus minimus, Towns. Chestnut-crowned Tit.
FAMILY XI. SYLVIANÆ. WARBLERS.
131. 1. Regulus Cuvieri, Aud. Cuvier's Kinglet.
133. 3. Regulus Calendula, Linn. Ruby-crowned Kinglet.
134. 1. Sialia Wilsoni, Swains. Common Blue Bird.
135. 2. Sialia occidentalis, Townsend. Western Blue Bird.
136. 3. Sialia arctica, Swains. Arctic Blue Bird.
FAMILY XII. TURDINÆ. THRUSHES.
137. 1. Cinclus Americanus, Swains. American Dipper.
138. 1. Orpheus polyglottus, Linn. Grey Mocking-Bird.
139. 2. Orpheus montanus, Townsend. Mountain Mocking-Bird.
142. 1. Turdus migratorius, Linn. Migratory Thrush.--Robin.
143. 2. Turdus nævius, Gmel. Varied Thrush.
144. 3. Turdus mustelinus, Gmel. Wood-Thrush.
145. 4. Turdus Wilsoni, Bonap. Tawny Thrush.
146. 5. Turdus solitarius, Wils. Hermit Thrush.
147. 6. Turdus nanus, Aud. Dwarf Thrush.
FAMILY XIII. MOTACILLINÆ. WAGTAILS.
148. 1. Seiurus aurocapillus, Lath. Golden-crowned Wood-Wagtail.
149. 2. Seiurus Novæboracensis, Gmel. Aquatic Wood-Wagtail.
150. 1. Anthus Ludovicianus, Lichtenstein. American Pipit.
FAMILY XIV. ALAUDINÆ. LARKS.
151. 1. Alauda alpestris, Linn. Shore Lark.--Horned Lark.
FAMILY XV. FRINGILLINÆ. FINCHES.
152. 1. Plectrophanes Lapponica, Linn. Lapland Lark-Bunting.
153. 2. Plectrophanes pictus, Swains. Painted Lark-Bunting.
154. 3. Plectrophanes ornatus, Towns. Chestnut-collared Lark-Bunting.
155. 4. Plectrophanes nivalis, Linn. Snow Lark-Bunting.
156. 1. Emberiza Americana, Gmel. Black-throated Bunting.
157. 2. Emberiza Townsendii, Aud. Townsend's Bunting.
158. 3. Emberiza Grammaca, Say. Lark Bunting.
159. 4. Emberiza graminea, Gmel. Grass or Bay-winged Bunting.
160. 5. Emberiza Savanna, Bon. Savannah Bunting.
161. 6. Emberiza pallida, Swains. Clay-coloured Bunting.
162. 7. Emberiza passerina, Wils. Yellow-winged Bunting.
163. 8. Emberiza Henslowii, Aud. Henslow's Bunting.
164. 9. Emberiza pusilla, Wils. Field Bunting.--Field Sparrow.
165. 10. Emberiza socialis, Wils. Chipping Bunting.--Chipping Sparrow.
166. 11. Emberiza Canadensis, Lath. Canada Bunting.--Tree Sparrow.
167. 1. Niphæa hyemalis, Linn. Common Snow-Bird.
168. 2. Niphæa Oregona, Towns. Oregon Snow-Bird.
170. 2. Spiza cyanea, Wils. Indigo Painted-Bunting.--Indigo Bird.
171. 3. Spiza amœna, Say. Lazuli Painted-Bunting.--Lazuli Finch.
172. 1. Ammodramus maritimus, Wils. Grey Shore-Finch.--Sea-side Finch.
173. 2. Ammodramus Macgillivrayi, Aud. Macgillvray's Shore-Finch.
175. 4. Ammodramus palustris, Wils. Marsh Shore-Finch. Swamp Sparrow.
176. 1. Peucæa Bachmanii, Aud. Bachman's Pinewood-Finch.
177. 2. Peucæa Lincolnii, Aud. Lincoln's Pinewood-Finch.
178. 1. Linaria borealis, Temm. Mealy Redpoll Linnet.
179. 2. Linaria minor, Ray. Lesser Redpoll Linnet.
180. 3. Linaria pinus, Wils. Pine Linnet.
181. 1. Carduelis tristis, _Linn._ American Goldfinch.
182. 2. Carduelis magellanicus, Vieill. Black-headed Goldfinch.
183. 3. Carduelis psaltria, Say. Arkansaw Goldfinch.
184. 4. Carduelis Yarrellii, Aud. Yarrell's Goldfinch.
185. 5. Carduelis Stanleyi, Aud. Stanley Goldfinch.
186. 1. Fringilla iliaca, Merrem. Fox-coloured Finch.
187. 2. Fringilla Townsendi, Aud. Townsend's Finch.
188. 3. Fringilla cinerea, Gmel. Brown Finch.
189. 4. Fringilla melodia, Wils. Song Finch.
190. 5. Fringilla Mortoni, Aud. Morton's Finch.
191. 6. Fringilla Pennsylvanica, Lath. White-throated Finch.
193. 8. Fringilla atricapilla, Gmel. Black-and-yellow-crowned Finch.
194. 1. Pipilo arcticus, Swains. Arctic Ground-Finch.
197. 2. Erythrospiza frontalis, Say. Crimson-fronted Purple-Finch.
198. 3. Erythrospiza tephrocotis, Swains. Grey-crowned Purple-Finch.
199. 1. Corythus Enucleator, Linn. Common Pine-finch.--Pine Grosbeak.
200. 1. Loxia curvirostra, Linn. Common Crossbill.
201. 2. Loxia leucoptera, Gmel. White-winged Crossbill.
202. 1. Corydalina bicolor, Towns. Prairie Lark-Finch.
204. 1. Coccoborus cœruleus, Linn. Blue Song-Grosbeak.
205. 2. Coccoborus Ludovicianus, Linn. Rose-breasted Song-Grosbeak.
206. 3. Coccoborus melanocephalus, Swains. Black-headed Song-Grosbeak.
207. 1. Coccothraustes vespertina, Cooper. Evening Grosbeak.
208. 1. Pyranga æstiva, Gmel. Summer Red-bird.
209. 2. Pyranga rubra, Linn. Scarlet Red-bird.--Scarlet Tanager.
FAMILY XVI. AGELAINÆ. MARSH-BLACKBIRDS.
212. 1. Molothrus pecoris, Gmel. Common Cow-bird.
217. 1. Icterus Baltimore, Linn. Baltimore Hangnest.--Golden Robin.
218. 2. Icterus Bullockii, Swains. Bullock's Hangnest.
219. 3. Icterus spurius, Gmel. Orchard Hangnest.--Orchard Oriole.
FAMILY XVII. STURNINÆ. STARLINGS.
FAMILY XVIII. CORVINÆ. CROWS.
224. 1. Corvus Corax, Linn. Raven.
225. 2. Corvus Americanus, Aud. American Crow.
226. 3. Corvus ossifragus, Wils. Fish-Crow.
227. 1. Pica melanoleuca, Vieill. Common Magpie.
228. 2. Pica Nuttallii, Aud. Yellow-billed Magpie.
229. 3. Pica Bullockii, Wagler. Columbia Magpie.--Columbia Jay.
230. 1. Garrulus Stelleri, Gmel. Steller's Jay.
231. 2. Garrulus cristatus, Linn. Blue Jay.
232. 3. Garrulus ultramarinus, Bonap. Ultramarine Jay.
233. 4. Garrulus Floridanus, Bartram. Florida Jay.
234. 5. Garrulus Canadensis, Linn. Canada Jay.
FAMILY XIX. LANIINÆ. SHRIKES.
236. 1. Lanius borealis, Vieill. Great American Shrike.
237. 2. Lanius Ludovicianus, Linn. Loggerheaded Shrike.
FAMILY XX. VIREONINÆ. GREENLETS.
238. 1. Vireo flavifrons, Vieill. Yellow-throated Greenlet.
239. 2. Vireo solitarius, Vieill. Solitary Greenlet.
240. 3. Vireo Noveboracensis, Gmel. White-eyed Greenlet.
241. 4. Vireo gilvus, Vieill. Warbling Greenlet.
242. 5. Vireo Bartrami, Swains. Bartram's Greenlet.
243. 6. Vireo olivaceus, Linn. Red-eyed Greenlet.
FAMILY XXI. PIPRINÆ. MANAKINS.
244. 1. Icteria viridis, Gmel. Yellow-breasted Chat.
FAMILY XXII. AMPELINÆ. CHATTERERS.
246. 2. Bombycilla Carolinensis, Briss. Cedar Waxwing.--Cedar Bird.
FAMILY XXIII. SITTINÆ. NUTHATCHES.
247. 1. Sitta Carolinensis, Linn. White-breasted Nuthatch.
248. 2. Sitta Canadensis, Linn. Red-bellied Nuthatch.
249. 3. Sitta pusilla, Lath. Brown-headed Nuthatch.
250. 4. Sitta pygmæa, Vigors. Californian Nuthatch.
FAMILY XXIV. TROCHILINÆ. HUMMINGBIRDS.
251. 1. Trochilus Mango, Linn. Mango Hummingbird.
252. 2. Trochilus Anna, Less. Anna Hummingbird.
253. 3. Trochilus Colubris, Linn. Ruby-throated Hummingbird.
FAMILY XXV. ALCEDINÆ. KINGFISHERS.
255. 1. Alcedo Alcyon, Linn. Belted Kingfisher.
FAMILY XXVI. PICINÆ. WOODPECKERS.
256. 1. Picus imperialis, Gould. Imperial Woodpecker.
257. 2. Picus principalis, Linn. Ivory-billed Woodpecker.
258. 3. Picus pileatus, Linn. Pileated Woodpecker.--Log-cock.
259. 4. Picus lineatus, Linn. Lineated Woodpecker.
260. 5. Picus Canadensis, Gmel. Canadian Woodpecker.
261. 6. Picus Phillipsii, Aud. Phillips's Woodpecker.
262. 7. Picus Martinæ, Aud. Maria's Woodpecker.
263. 8. Picus Harrisii, Aud. Harris's Woodpecker.
264. 9. Picus villosus, Linn. Hairy Woodpecker.
265. 10. Picus pubescens, Linn. Downy Woodpecker.
266. 11. Picus Gairdnerii, Aud. Gairdner's Woodpecker.
267. 12. Picus querulus, Wils. Red-cockaded Woodpecker.
268. 13. Picus Auduboni, Trudeau. Audubon's Woodpecker.
269. 14. Picus ruber. Gmel. Red-breasted Woodpecker.
270. 15. Picus varius, Linn. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker.
271. 16. Picus arcticus, Swains. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker.
272. 17. Picus hirsutus, Vieill. Banded Three-toed Woodpecker.
273. 18. Picus Carolinus, Linn. Red-bellied Woodpecker.
274. 19. Picus erythrocephalus, Linn. Red-headed Woodpecker.
275. 20. Picus torquatus, Wils. Lewis's Woodpecker.
277. 22. Picus Mexicanus, Swains. Red-shafted Woodpecker.
FAMILY XXVII. CUCULINÆ. CUCKOOS.
280. 3. Coccyzus Seniculus, Lath. Mangrove American Cuckoo.
FAMILY XXVIII. PSITTACINÆ. PARROTS.
281. 1. Centurus Carolinensis, Linn. Carolina Parrakeet.
FAMILY XXIX. COLUMBINÆ. PIGEONS.
282. 1. Columba fasciata, Say. Band-tailed Dove.
283. 2. Columba leucocephala, Linn. White-headed Dove.
284. 3. Columba Zenaida, Bonap. Zenaida Dove.
285. 4. Columba montana, Linn. Key-West Dove.
286. 5. Columba passerina, Linn. Passerine Dove.--Ground Dove.
287. 1. Starnænas cyanocephala, Linn. Blue-headed Ground-Dove.
289. 2. Ectopistes Carolinensis, Linn. Carolina Long-tailed-Dove.
FAMILY XXX. PAVONINÆ. PAVONINE BIRDS.
290. 1. Meleagris Gallopavo, Linn. Common Turkey.
FAMILY XXXI. PERDICINÆ. PARTRIDGES.
291. 1. Ortyx Virginiana, Linn. Common American Partridge.
292. 2. Ortyx Californica, Lath. Californian Partridge.
293. 3. Ortyx plumifera, Gould. Plumed Partridge.
294. 4. Ortyx neoxenus, Vigors. Welcome Partridge.
FAMILY XXXII. TETRAONINÆ. GROUSE.
295. 1. Tetrao Umbellus, Linn. Ruffed Grouse.--Partridge Pheasant.
296. 2. Tetrao Canadensis, Linn. Canada Grouse.--Spotted Grouse.
297. 3. Tetrao obscurus, Say. Dusky Grouse.
298. 4. Tetrao Cupido, Linn. Pinnated Grouse.
300. 6. Tetrao Phasianellus, Linn. Sharp-tailed Grouse.
GENUS II. LAGOPUS. PTARMIGAN.
301. 1. Lagopus albus, Gmel. Willow Ptarmigan.--Willow-Grouse.
302. 2. Lagopus Americanus, Aud. American Ptarmigan.
303. 3. Lagopus rupestris, Gmel. Rock Ptarmigan.
304. 4. Lagopus leucurus, Swains. White-tailed Ptarmigan.
FAMILY XXXIII. RALLINÆ. RAILS.
305. 1. Gallinula Martinica, Linn. Purple Gallinule.
306. 2. Gallinula Chloropus, Linn. Common Gallinule.
307. 1. Fulica Americana, Gmel. American Coot.--Mud-Hen.
310. 3. Ortygometra Jamaicensis, Briss. Least Crake-Gallinule.
312. 2. Rallus crepitans, Gmel. Clapper Rail.--Salt-water Marsh-hen.
313. 3. Rallus Virginianus, Linn. Virginian Rail.
314. 1. Aramus scolopaceus, Vieill. Scolopaceous Courlan.
FAMILY XXXIV. GRUINÆ. CRANES.
FAMILY XXXV. CHARADRIINÆ. PLOVERS.
317. 2. Charadrius marmoratus, Wagler. American Golden Plover.
318. 3. Charadrius vociferus, Linn. Kildeer Plover.
319. 4. Charadrius montanus, Townsend. Rocky-mountain Plover.
320. 5. Charadrius Wilsonius, Ord. Wilson's Plover.
321. 6. Charadrius semipalmatus, Bonap. American Ring Plover.
322. 7. Charadrius melodus, Ord. Piping Plover.
323. 1. Aphriza Townsendii, Aud. Townsend's Surf-Bird.
324. 1. Strepsilas Interpres, Linn. Turnstone.
GENUS IV. HÆMATOPUS. OYSTER-CATCHER.
325. 1. Hæmatopus palliatus, Temm. American Oyster-catcher.
326. 2. Hæmatopus Bachmanii, Aud. Bachman's Oyster-catcher.
327. 3. Hæmatopus Townsendii, Aud. Townsend's Oyster-catcher.
FAMILY XXXVI. SCOLOPACINÆ. SNIPES.
330. 3. Tringa pectoralis, Bonap. Pectoral Sandpiper.
331. 4. Tringa maritima, Brunnich. Purple Sandpiper.
332. 5. Tringa rufescens, Vieill. Buff-breasted Sandpiper.
333. 6. Tringa alpina, Linn. Red-backed Sandpiper.
334. 7. Tringa subarquata, Temm. Curlew Sandpiper.
335. 8. Tringa Himantopus, Bonap. Long-legged Sandpiper.
336. 9. Tringa Schinzii, Brehm. Schinz's Sandpiper.
337. 10. Tringa semipalmata, Wils. Semipalmated Sandpiper.
338. 11. Tringa pusilla, Wils. Little Sandpiper.
339. 12. Tringa arenaria. Sanderling Sandpiper.
340. 1. Phalaropus fulicarius, Bonap. Red Phalarope.
341. 1. Lobipes hyperboreus, Lath. Hyperborean Lobefoot.
342. 2. Lobipes Wilsonii, Sabine. Wilson's Lobefoot.
347. 5. Totanus Glottis, Linn. Greenshank Tatler.
349. 1. Limosa Fedoa, Linn. Great Marbled Godwit.
350. 2. Limosa Hudsonica, Lath. Hudsonian Godwit.
352. 2. Scolopax Drummondii, Swains. Drummond's Snipe.
353. 3. Scolopax Noveboracensis, Gmel. Red-breasted Snipe.
355. 1. Recurvirostra Americana, Linn. American Avocet.
356. 1. Himantopus nigricollis, Vieill. Black-necked Stilt.--Lawyer.
357. 1. Numenius longirostris, Wils. Long-billed Curlew.
358. 2. Numenius Hudsonicus, Lath. Hudsonian Curlew.
359. 3. Numenius borealis, Lath. Esquimaux Curlew.
FAMILY XXXVII. TANTALINÆ. IBISES.
360. 1. Ibis Falcinellus, Linn. Glossy Ibis.
361. 2. Ibis rubra, Linn. Scarlet Ibis.
362. 3. Ibis alba, Linn. White Ibis.
363. 1. Tantalus Loculator, Linn. Wood Ibis.
364. 1. Platalea Ajaja, Linn. Roseate Spoonbill.
FAMILY XXXVIII. ARDEINÆ. HERONS.
365. 1. Ardea Nycticorax, Linn. Black-crowned Night Heron.--Qua-Bird.
366. 2. Ardea violacea, Linn. Yellow-crowned Night Heron.
367. 3. Ardea lentiginosa, Swains. American Bittern.
368. 4. Ardea exilis, Wils. Least Bittern.
369. 5. Ardea virescens, Linn. Green Heron.
370. 6. Ardea occidentalis, Aud. Great White Heron.
371. 7. Ardea Herodias, Linn. Great Blue Heron.
372. 8. Ardea Egretta, Gmel. Great American White Egret.
373. 9. Ardea rufescens, Gmel. Reddish Egret.
374. 10. Ardea cœrulea, Linn. Blue Heron.
375. 11. Ardea Ludoviciana, Wils. Louisiana Heron.
376. 12. Ardea candidissima, Gmel. Snowy Heron.
FAMILY XXXIX. ANATINÆ. DUCKS.
377. 1. Phœnicopterus ruber, Linn. American Flamingo.
378. 1. Anser Canadensis, Linn. Canada Goose.
379. 2. Anser Hutchinsii, Richardson. Hutchins's Goose.
380. 3. Anser leucopsis, Bechst. Bernacle Goose.
381. 4. Anser Bernicla, Linn. Brent Goose.
382. 5. Anser albifrons, Bechst. White-fronted Goose.
383. 6. Anser hyperboreus, Gmel. Snow-Goose.
384. 1. Cygnus Buccinator, Richardson. Trumpeter Swan.
385. 2. Cygnus Americanus, Sharpless. American Swan.
386. 1. Anas Borchas, Linn. Mallard.
387. 2. Anas obscura, Gmel. Dusky Duck.
388. 3. Anas Breweri, Aud. Brewer's Duck.
389. 4. Anas strepera, Linn. Gadwall Duck.--Violon.
390. 5. Anas Americana, Gmel. American Widgeon.
391. 6. Anas acuta, Linn. Pintail Duck.
392. 7. Anas Sponsa, Linn. Wood Duck.--Summer Duck.
393. 8. Anas Carolinensis, Steph. American Green-winged Teal.
394. 9. Anas discors, Linn. Blue-winged Teal.
395. 10. Anas clypeata, Linn. Shoveller Duck.--Micoine.
GENUS V. FULIGULA. SEA-DUCK.
396. 1. Fuligula Valisneriana, Wils. Canvass Back Duck.
397. 2. Fuligula Ferina, Linn. Red-headed Duck.--Dos-gris.
398. 3. Fuligula Marila, Linn. Scaup Duck.--Flocking Fowl.
399. 4. Fuligula rufitorques, Bonap. Ring-necked Duck.
400. 5. Fuligula rubida, Wils. Ruddy Duck.
401. 6. Fuligula Labradora, Lath. Pied Duck.
402. 7. Fuligula fusca, Linn. Velvet Duck.
403. 8. Fuligula perspicillata, Linn. Surf Duck.
404. 9. Fuligula Americana, Swains. American Scoter Duck.
405. 10. Fuligula spectabilis, Linn. King Duck.
406. 11. Fuligula mollissima, Linn. Eider Duck.
407. 12. Fuligula Clangula, Linn. Golden-eye Duck.
408. 13. Fuligula dispar, Gmel. Western Duck.
410. 15. Fuligula histrionica, Linn. Harlequin Duck.
411. 16. Fuligula glacialis, Linn. Long-tailed Duck.
FAMILY XL. MERGINÆ. MERGANSERS.
412. 1. Mergus Merganser, Linn. Buff-breasted Merganser or Goosander.
413. 2. Mergus Serrator, Linn. Red-breasted Merganser.
414. 3. Mergus cucullatus, Linn. Hooded Merganser.
415. 4. Mergus Albellus, Linn. White Merganser.--Smew. White Nun.
FAMILY XLI. PELECANINÆ. PELICANS.
416. 1. Phalacrocorax Carbo, Linn. Great Cormorant.
417. 2. Phalacrocorax dilophus, Swains. Double-crested Cormorant.
418. 3. Phalacrocorax Floridanus, Aud. Florida Cormorant.
419. 4. Phalacrocorax Townsendi, Aud. Townsend's Cormorant.
420. 5. Phalacrocorax resplendens, Aud. Violet-green Cormorant.
421. 1. Plotus anhinga, Linn. American Anhinga.--Snake-Bird.
422. 1. Tachypetes Aquilus, Linn. Frigate-Bird.--Man-of-war Bird.
423. 1. Pelecanus Americanus, Aud. American White Pelican.
424. 2. Pelecanus fuscus, Linn. Brown Pelican.
425. 1. Sula Bassana, Linn. Common Gannet.
426. 2. Sula fusca, Linn. Booby Gannet.
427. 1. Phaeton æthereus, Linn. Common Tropic Bird.
FAMILY XLII. LARINÆ. GULLS.
428. 1. Rhynchops nigra, Linn. Black Skimmer.
Plate CCCXXIII. Male
429. 1. Sterna Cayana, Lath. Cayenne Tern.
430. 2. Sterna Anglica, Montagu. Gull-billed Tern.--Marsh Tern.
431. 3. Sterna Cantiaca, Gmel. Sandwich Tern.
432. 4. Sterna fuliginosa, Lath. Sooty Tern.
433. 5. Sterna Hirundo, Linn. Common Tern.
434. 6. Sterna Havellii, Aud. Havell's Tern.
435. 7. Sterna Trudeaui, Aud. Trudeau's Tern.
436. 8. Sterna arctica, Temm. Arctic Tern.
437. 9. Sterna Dougallii, Mont. Roseate Tern.
438. 10. Sterna nigra, Linn. Black Tern.
439. 11. Sterna minuta, Linn. Least Tern.
440. 12. Sterna stolida, Linn. Noddy Tern.
441. 1. Larus Sabini, Sabine. Fork-tailed Gull.
442. 2. Larus Rossii, Richardson. Ross's Gull.
443. 3. Larus Bonapartii, Richardson. Bonaparte's Gull.
444. 4. Larus Atricilla, Linn. Black-headed Gull.--Laughing Gull.
445. 5. Larus Franklinii, Richardson. Franklin's Rosy Gull.
446. 6. Larus tridactylus, Linn. Kittiwake Gull.
447. 7. Larus eburneus, Gmel. Ivory Gull.
449. 9. Larus leucopterus, Fabr. White-winged Silvery Gull.
450. 10. Larus occidentalis, Aud. Western Gull.
451. 11. Larus argentatus, Brunnich. Herring or Silvery Gull.
452. 12. Larus glaucus, Brunn. Glaucous Gull.--Burgomaster.
453. 13. Larus marinus, Linn. Great Black-backed Gull.
FAMILY XLIII. PROCELLARINÆ. FULMARS.
454. 1. Lestris pomarinus, Temm. Pomarine Jager.
455. 2. Lestris Richardsonii, Swains. Richardson's Jager.
456. 3. Lestris parasiticus, Linn. Arctic Jager.
457. 1. Diomedea chlororhynchos, Gmel. Yellow-nosed Albatross.
458. 3. Diomedea nigripes, Aud. Black-footed Albatross.
459. 2. Diomedea fusca, Aud. Dusky Albatross.
460. 1. Procellaria gigantea, Linn. Gigantic Fulmar.
461. 2. Procellaria glacialis, Linn. Common Fulmar.
462. 3. Procellaria pacifica, Aud. Pacific Fulmar.
463. 4. Procellaria tenuirostris, Aud. Slender-billed Fulmar.
464. 1. Puffinus cinereus, Lath. Wandering Shearwater.
465. 2. Puffinus Anglorum, Ray. Manks Shearwater.
466. 3. Puffinus obscurus, Lath. Dusky Shearwater.
FAMILY XLIV. ALCINÆ. AUKS.
470. 1. Mormon cirrhatus, Lath. Tufted Puffin.
471. 2. Mormon glacialis, Leach. Large-billed Puffin.
472. 3. Mormon Arcticus, Linn. Common or Arctic Puffin.
473. 1. Alca impennis, Linn. Great Auk.
474. 2. Alca Torda, Linn. Razor-billed Auk.
475. 1. Phaleris cristatella, Gmel. Curled-crested Phaleris.
476. 2. Phaleris nodirostris, Bonap. Knobbed-billed Phaleris.
477. 1. Mergulus Alle, Linn. Common Sea-Dove.
478. 1. Uria antiqua, Gmel. Black-throated Guillemot.
479. 2. Uria occidentalis, Bonap. Horned-billed Guillemot.
480. 3. Uria Brunnichii, Sabine. Large-billed Guillemot.
481. 4. Uria Troile, Linn. Foolish Guillemot. Murre.
482. 5. Uria Grylle, Linn. Black Guillemot.
483. 4. Uria Townsendii, Aud. Slender-billed Guillemot.
FAMILY XLV. COLYMBINÆ. DIVERS AND GREBES.
484. 1. Colymbus glacialis, Linn. Great Northern Diver.--Loon.
485. 2. Colymbus arcticus, Linn. Black-throated Diver.
486. 3. Colymbus septentrionalis, Linn. Red-throated Diver.
487. 1. Podiceps cristatus, Lath. Crested Grebe.
488. 2. Podiceps rubricollis, Lath. Red-necked Grebe.
489. 3. Podiceps cornutus, Linn. Horned Grebe.
490. 4. Podiceps auritus, Lath. Eared Grebe.
491. 5. Podiceps Carolinensis, Lath. Pied-billed Dobchick.
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