Plate CCCXCIV. Fig. 4. Male. Fig. 5. Female.
Head, neck all round, a part of the breast, and upper parts in
general, black; sides and lower tail-coverts orange-red, the latter
paler; central part of the breast and abdomen white; feathers of the
tibia dusky, margined with whitish; an elongated patch on the outer
web of all the scapulars, a small terminal spot on the first row of
small coverts, and on the secondary coverts, and a large patch at the
end of the inner web of the outer three tail-feathers on each side,
white. Female smaller, differing only in having the parts which are
black in the male dull brownish-black.
_Male_, 8-1/2; wing, 3-1/2. _Female_, 8; wing, 3-1/4.
Columbia River, and northward to the Fur Countries. Abundant.
Migratory.
Pyrgita (Pipilo) arctica, Arctic Ground-Finch, Swains. & Rich.
F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 260.
Arctic Ground-Finch, Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 589.
Arctic Ground-Finch, Fringilla arctica, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v.
p. 49.
195. 2. Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Linn. Towhe Ground-Finch.--Towhe
Bunting. Ground Robin. Swamp Robin.
Plate XXIX. Male and Female.
Head, neck all round, a portion of the breast, and upper parts in
general, black; sides and lower tail-coverts orange-red, the latter
paler; central part of the breast and abdomen white; feathers of the
tibia dusky, margined with whitish (no white spots on the scapulars or
wing-coverts); a white patch on the wing, formed by the bases of the
outer webs of six or seven of the primaries; outer three tail-feathers
with a white patch toward the end on their inner webs chiefly (much
more extended than in the last species). Female smaller, differing
from the male only in having the parts which in him are deep black,
dusky reddish-brown. Young in first plumage with the upper parts dull
reddish-brown, streaked with brownish-black; the wings and tail as in
the adult, the lower parts pale yellowish-grey, marked with short
longitudinal streaks of dusky.
_Male_, 8-1/2, 12.
Breeds from Texas along the Atlantic districts, as well as in the
interior, northward to Labrador. Abundant. Migratory.
Towhe Bunting, Emberiza erythrophthalma, Wils. Amer. Orn. v.
ii. p. 35.
Fringilla erythrophthalma, Bonap. Syn. p. 112.
Ground Robin or Towhe Finch, Fringilla erythrophthalma, Nutt.
Man. v. i. p. 515.
Towhe Bunting, Fringilla erythrophthalma, Aud. Orn. Biog. v.
i. p. 151; v. v. p. 511.
GENUS XI. ERYTHROSPIZA, Bonap. PURPLE-FINCH.
Bill rather short, robust, bulging, conical, pointed; upper mandible a
little broader, with the nasal sinus very short and broad, the dorsal
line a little convex, the ridge indistinct, the sides rounded, the
edges a little inflected, ascending at the base, afterwards direct,
the notches faint, the tip slightly deflected, rather acute; lower
mandible with the angle short and rounded, the dorsal line ascending,
straight, the back and sides rounded, the edges involute, the tip
acute. Nostrils roundish, partially concealed by the short reflexed
bristly feathers. Head large, roundish-ovate; neck short, body
moderate. Tarsus short, slender, compressed, with seven scutella; toes
rather small, first stout, lateral nearly equal. Claws slender, much
compressed, well arched, acute. Plumage soft and rather blended;
feathers of the hind head somewhat elongated and pointed. Wings of
moderate length, rather pointed, the outer four quills longest. Tail
of moderate length, deeply emarginate. Upper mandible concave beneath,
with two prominent lines, of which the lateral are much larger; tongue
higher than broad, channelled above, the tip somewhat rounded and
concave; œsophagus dilated about the middle; stomach roundish,
muscular; intestine short; cœca very small.
196. 1. Erythrospiza purpurea, Gmel. Crested Purple-Finch.--Purple
Finch.
Plate IV. Male and Female.
Second quill longest, first shorter than third. Male with the head,
neck, breast, back, and upper tail-coverts, crimson, paler behind;
fore part of the back spotted with brown; quills, larger coverts, and
tail, deep brown, margined with dull red. Female with the upper parts
yellowish-olive, streaked with brown; a whitish band over the eye;
lower parts greyish-white, streaked with brown. Young like the female.
_Male_, 6, 9.
During winter, from Texas to the Carolinas, and northward to Kentucky.
In summer, from St Louis to the Columbia, and in the Fur Countries.
Abundant.
Purple Finch, Fringilla purpurea, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p.
119.
Purple Finch, Bonap. Syn. p. 114.
Fringilla purpurea Wilson, Crested Purple Finch, Swains. &
Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 264.
Purple Finch, Fringilla purpurea, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 24;
v. v. p. 200.