Plate CVII. Male and Female. Plate CCCCXXX. Fig. 3. Young.
Upper parts dull leaden-grey; lower dull yellowish-white; forehead
yellowish-white; hind part of the head and neck greyish-black; throat
and band passing round the neck, greyish-white; secondary quills and
tail-feathers narrowly tipped with white. Young very dull
slate-colour, paler on the abdomen, on the head blackish, wings and
tail as in the adult, their tips of a duller white.
_Male_, 11, 15.
Rare, and only in winter, from Pennsylvania to New York. More abundant
in Massachusetts. Common from Maine northward to the Fur Countries.
Columbia River.
Canada Jay, Corvus canadensis, Wils. Amer. Ornith. v. iii. p.
33.
Corvus canadensis, Bonap. Syn. p. 58.
Garrulus canadensis, Whisky Jack, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor.
Amer. v. ii. p. 295.
Garrulus brachyurus, Short-billed Jay, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor.
Amer. v. ii. p. 296. Young.
Garrulus canadensis, Canada Jay, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 232.
Short-billed Jay. Nutt. Man. v. ii. p. 599.
Canada Jay, Corvus canadensis. Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 58;
v. v. p. 208.
GENUS IV. NUCIFRAGA, Briss. NUTCRACKER.
Bill as long as the head, moderately stout, conical, compressed, at
the tip rather depressed; upper mandible with its dorsal line slightly
arcuato-declinate, the ridge convex, the sides rounded, the edges
sharp and overlapping, without notch, the tip flattened and obtuse;
lower mandible with the angle short and rounded, the dorsal line
straight, the sides convex, the edges sharpened a little involute, the
tip flattened and rather obtuse. Nostrils basal, lateral, roundish,
covered by bristly feathers, which are directed forwards. Head large,
broadly ovate, neck rather short; body moderately stout. Tarsus rather
short, compressed, with eight scutella; toes stout, the first very
large, the inner a little shorter than the outer, which is adherent at
the base. Claws large, arched, much compressed, acute. Plumage soft
and blended; no distinct bristles at the base of the upper mandible,
wings long, much rounded, the first quill very short, the fourth
longest; tail of moderate length, rounded.
235. 1. Nucifraga Columbiana, Wils. Columbian Nutcracker.--Clark's
Crow.
Plate CCCLXII. Fig. 4. Male. Fig. 5. Female.
Light brownish-grey; forehead, throat, fore part of cheeks, and space
round the eye yellowish-white; wings glossy bluish-black, seven of the
secondaries largely tipped with white; upper tail-coverts
greyish-black; tail pure white, except the two middle feathers, and
the greater part of the inner webs of the next pair, which are
bluish-black.
_Male_, 12, wing 7-11/12.
Rocky Mountains.
Clarke's Crow, Corvus columbianus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p.
29.
Corvus columbianus, Bonap. Syn. p. 57.
Columbian Crow, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 218.
Clarke's Nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana, Aud. Orn. Biog. v.
iv. p. 459.