Physiological ec
章节目录
共 237 题- AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
- Published in November, 1904
- THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.
- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
- FACING PAGE
- Group of soldiers at work in the Gymnasium 136
- Side view of Fritz 198
- Back view of Fritz 204
- Front view of Coffman and Steltz 212
- Back view of Coffman and Steltz 220
- Side view of Zooman and Cohn 234
- Back view of Zooman and Cohn 240
- Side view of Loewenthal and Morris 258
- Group of soldiers exercising in the Gymnasium 262
- Front view of Sliney 272
- Soldiers exercising in the Gymnasium 284
- Soldiers exercising in the Gymnasium 296
- Side view of Stapleton 328
- Back view of Stapleton 366
- Front view of W. L. Anderson and Bellis 440
- Back view of W. L. Anderson and Bellis 442
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS OF AID IN THE CONDUCT OF THE EXPERIMENTS
- PREFACE
- CONTENTS
- Page
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v
- PREFACE vii
- INTRODUCTORY 1
- I.
- EXPERIMENTS WITH PROFESSIONAL MEN.
- Chittenden: Daily Record of Nitrogen Excretion, etc. 24
- Second Nitrogen Balance, with composition of daily food, etc. 43
- Mendel: Daily Record of Nitrogen Excretion, etc. 53
- Second Nitrogen Balance, with composition of daily food, etc. 67
- Underhill: Daily Record of Nitrogen Excretion, etc. 79
- Second Nitrogen Balance, with composition of daily food, etc. 93
- Dean: Daily Record of Nitrogen Excretion, etc. 98
- Beers: Daily Record of Nitrogen Excretion, etc. 111
- Second Nitrogen Balance, with composition of daily food, etc. 121
- Summary of Results; True Proteid Requirements 127
- II.
- Description of the Men 134
- Daily Routine of Work 135
- Average Daily Output of Nitrogen 199
- Nitrogen Metabolized per kilo of Body-Weight 201
- Changes in Body-Weight during the Experiment 202
- Second Nitrogen Balance, with composition of daily food, etc. 223
- Third Nitrogen Balance, with composition of daily food, etc. 242
- Summary regarding Nitrogen Requirement 254
- Body Measurements 261
- Strength or Dynamometer Tests 262
- Character and Composition of the Blood 283
- General Conclusions 285
- Daily Dietary of the Soldier Detail 288
- III.
- EXPERIMENTS WITH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, TRAINED IN ATHLETICS.
- Consumption of Proteid Food by Athletes 327
- Description of the Men 329
- Average Daily Excretion of Metabolized Nitrogen 364
- Metabolized Nitrogen per kilo of Body-Weight 365
- Daily Diet Prescribed 366
- The Physical Condition of the Men 434
- Strength or Dynamometer Tests 436
- Report by Dr. Anderson of the Yale Gymnasium 439
- General Summary; True Physiological Requirements for Proteid Food 454
- IV.
- THE SYSTEMIC VALUE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ECONOMY IN NUTRITION.
- Diseases due to Perversion of Nutrition 455
- Waste Products of Proteid Metabolism may be Dangerous to Health 456
- Origin and Significance of Uric Acid 458
- V.
- ECONOMIC AND SOCIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE RESULTS 471
- VI.
- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 474
- VII.
- DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIONS 477
- PHYSIOLOGICAL ECONOMY IN NUTRITION
- INTRODUCTORY
- AVERAGE DIETS.
- I. EXPERIMENTS WITH PROFESSIONAL MEN.
- CHITTENDEN.
- Fuel value of the food 1708 calories.[32]
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Chittenden._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Chittenden._
- MENDEL.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Mendel._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Mendel._
- UNDERHILL.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Underhill._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Underhill._
- DEAN.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Dean._
- BEERS.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Beers._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Beers._
- SUMMARY
- 11 A. M. Detachment returns from Gymnasium.
- 12 M. Dinner.
- 2 P. M. Relief from drill; walk, or instruction.
- 5 P. M. Supper.
- 10 P. M. All men in bed.
- OAKMAN.
- MORRIS.
- BROYLES.
- COFFMAN.
- SLINEY.
- STELTZ.
- HENDERSON.
- FRITZ.
- COHN.
- LOEWENTHAL.
- ZOOMAN.
- BATES.
- DAVIS.
- AVERAGE DAILY OUTPUT OF NITROGEN.
- TABLE OF BODY-WEIGHTS.
- FIRST NITROGEN BALANCE.
- OAKMAN.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Oakman._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Loewenthal._
- STELTZ
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Steltz._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Bates._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Coffman._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Fritz._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Henderson._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Morris._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Zooman._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Sliney._
- STELTZ
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Cohn._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Broyles._
- SECOND NITROGEN BALANCE.
- OAKMAN.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Oakman._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Henderson._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Morris._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Coffman._
- COHN
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Steltz._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Loewenthal._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Cohn._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Zooman._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Sliney._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Broyles._
- COHN
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Fritz._
- THIRD NITROGEN BALANCE.
- OAKMAN.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Oakman._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Broyles._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Fritz._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Loewenthal._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Cohn._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Coffman._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Sliney._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Steltz._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Zooman._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Henderson._
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Morris._
- SUMMARY REGARDING NITROGEN REQUIREMENT.
- PHYSICAL CONDITION OF THE MEN.
- A brief summary of my conclusions:—
- MORRIS
- MEASUREMENTS.
- STRENGTH OR DYNAMOMETER TESTS.
- FIRST TRIALS OCTOBER, 1903; FINAL TEST APRIL, 1904.
- INDIVIDUAL STRENGTH TESTS.
- MORRIS.
- COFFMAN.
- OAKMAN.
- ZOOMAN.
- STELTZ.
- HENDERSON.
- LOEWENTHAL.
- SLINEY.
- FRITZ.
- COHN.
- BROYLES.
- TOTAL STRENGTH
- REPORT ON REACTION TIME.
- TABLE 1.—OCTOBER, 1903.
- TABLE 2.—NOVEMBER, 1903.
- TABLE 3.—DECEMBER, 1903.
- TABLE 4.—JANUARY AND FEBRUARY, 1904.
- TABLE 5.—MARCH AND APRIL, 1904.
- TABLE 6.
- TABLE 7.
- CHARACTER OF THE BLOOD.
- GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.
- III. EXPERIMENTS WITH UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, TRAINED IN ATHLETICS.
- ANDERSON, G. W.
- ANDERSON, W. L.
- BELLIS.
- CALLAHAN.
- DONAHUE.
- JACOBUS.
- SCHENKER.
- STAPLETON.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.
- DONAHUE.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Donahue._
- JACOBUS.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Jacobus._
- SCHENKER.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Schenker._
- G. W. ANDERSON.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_G. W. Anderson._
- STAPLETON.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Stapleton._
- W. L. ANDERSON.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_W. L. Anderson._
- The following tables give the data in the experiment with Bellis:—
- BELLIS.
- NITROGEN BALANCE.—_Bellis._
- THE PHYSICAL CONDITION OF THE SUBJECTS.
- STRENGTH OR DYNAMOMETER TESTS.
- BELLIS
- REACTION TIME.
- REPORT ON REACTION.
- BELLIS
- TABLE 1.—FEBRUARY, 1904.
- TABLE 2.—MARCH, 1904.
- TABLE 3.—APRIL, 1904.
- TABLE 4.—MAY, 1904.
- TABLE 5.—JUNE, 1904.
- TABLE 6.
- TABLE 7.
- TABLE 8.
- TABLE 9.
- GENERAL SUMMARY.
- IV. THE SYSTEMIC VALUE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ECONOMY IN NUTRITION.
- AVERAGE DAILY EXCRETION THROUGH THE URINE FOR FIVE MONTHS—SOLDIER DETAIL.
- V. ECONOMIC AND SOCIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE RESULTS.
- VI. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.
- VII. DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIONS
- FOOTNOTES