Nitrogen Output.
Taken in. Nitrogen in Urine. Weight of Fæces (dry).
Feb. 9 7.832 grams. 7.49 grams. 9.5 grams.
10 7.674 6.14
11 9.770 8.02 32.0
12 9.483 8.82 9.5
13 7.622 7.17 28.0
14 10.656 7.73 24.0
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103.0 grams contain 6.52% N.
53.037 45.37 + 6.715 grams nitrogen.
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53.037 grams nitrogen. 52.085 grams nitrogen.
Nitrogen balance for six days = +0.952 gram.
Nitrogen balance per day = +0.158 gram.
Average Intake.
Calories per day 2068.
Nitrogen per day 8.83 grams.
On June 1, near the close of the experiment, a second nitrogen balance
was attempted, with a view to seeing if under the existing conditions of
life and activity it was possible to reduce the fuel value of the food,
and at the same time diminish in still greater measure the quantity
of proteid food taken. The results of this trial are seen in the
accompanying tables, where for four days a careful comparison of output
and intake is shown. It will be observed from these tables that the
average fuel value of the food per day was reduced to 1785 calories, and
that the average intake of nitrogen was restricted to 6.73 grams per day.
The balance shown is a minus balance, although the deficiency per diem is
not large. It is very obvious that both the nitrogen and fuel value of
the food can be reduced considerably below the average maintained during
the period of the first balance, but not to the degree attempted in the
second balance, and secure nitrogen or body equilibrium. It will be noted
in this last nitrogen balance, that the average daily output of nitrogen
through the urine amounted to 6.46 grams, while the average nitrogen
intake was 6.73 grams. The fuel value of the food, however, averaged only
1785 calories per day. It is quite evident, if the non-nitrogenous food
had not been reduced quite so much, that a plus nitrogen balance would
have been obtained. Still, it is obvious that under the conditions of
life and activity, this subject needed to metabolize only about 40 grams
of proteid per day, with the total fuel value of his food equal to about
2000 calories, in order to secure both body and nitrogen equilibrium.
Here, again, we have an illustration of the possibility of physiological
economy which shows itself in a reduction of the daily proteid food more
than 50 per cent, with a reduction of the non-nitrogenous food fully 30
per cent, and with maintenance of health, strength and vigor equal, if
not superior, to that which the subject has ever experienced.
_Wednesday, June 1, 1904._
Breakfast.—Champagne wafer 21.5 grams, tea 146 grams, sugar 15 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 67.4 grams, butter 15.1 grams, beefsteak 55.5 grams, potato
128 grams, asparagus 103.5 grams, tea 146 grams, sugar 15 grams, banana
83.5 grams.
Supper.—Bread 15.7 grams, butter 11.8 grams, banana and nuts 106 grams,
crullers 90.2 grams, coffee 145 grams, sugar 15 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Champagne wafer 21.5 × 0.64 = 0.138 gram.
Tea 146.0 × 0.015 = 0.022
Sugar 15 + 15 + 15 = 45.0 × 0.000 = 0.000
Bread 67.4 + 15.7 = 83.1 × 1.46 = 1.212
Butter 15.1 + 11.8 = 26.9 × 0.10 = 0.027
Banana 83.5 × 0.28 = 0.192
Beefsteak 55.5 × 4.72 = 2.620
Potato 128.0 × 0.32 = 0.410
Asparagus 103.5 × 0.35 = 0.362
Tea 146.0 × 0.033 = 0.048
Crullers 90.2 × 1.04 = 0.938
Banana and nuts 106.0 × 0.69 = 0.731
Coffee 145.0 × 0.060 = 0.087
------
Total nitrogen in food 6.787 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 5.960
Fuel value of the food 1913 calories.
_Thursday, June 2, 1904._
Breakfast.—Bread 30 grams, tea 146 grams, sugar 15 grams.
Dinner.—Clam chowder 270.5 grams, bread 64 grams, butter 14.5 grams,
lobster 36.5 grams, Saratoga chips 15 grams, caramel custard 79 grams,
tea 146 grams, sugar 15 grams.
Supper.—Bread 35.2 grams, butter 13.8 grams, pineapple 148.7 grams,
crullers 84.8 grams, tea 140 grams, sugar 15 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Bread 30.0 × 1.46 = 0.438 gram.
Tea 146.0 × 0.045 = 0.066
Sugar 15 + 15 + 15 = 45.0 × 0.00 = 0.000
Bread 64 + 35.2 = 99.2 × 1.44 = 1.428
Butter 14.5 + 13.8 = 28.3 × 0.10 = 0.028
Clam chowder 270.5 × 0.34 = 0.920
Lobster 36.5 × 3.73 = 1.361
Saratoga chips 15.0 × 0.97 = 0.146
Caramel custard 79.0 × 0.77 = 0.608
Tea 146.0 × 0.036 = 0.053
Tea 140.0 × 0.036 = 0.050
Pineapple 148.7 × 0.054 = 0.080
Crullers 84.8 × 1.04 = 0.882
------
Total nitrogen in food 6.060 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 5.810
Fuel value of the food 1921 calories.
_Friday, June 3, 1904._
Breakfast.—Bread 31 grams, tea 146 grams.
Dinner.—Fried ham 61 grams, asparagus 124.2 grams, baked potato 85
grams, bread 29 grams, butter 23.5 grams, tea 140 grams, sugar 15 grams,
pineapple 74.8 grams.
Supper.—Bread 34 grams, butter 17.8 grams, pineapple 158.5 grams, tomato
132.5 grams, cup cake 121 grams, tea 140 grams, sugar 15 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Bread 31 + 20 + 34 = 94.0 × 1.44 = 1.354 grams.
Tea 146.0 × 0.039 = 0.057
Fried ham 61.0 × 4.90 = 2.989
Asparagus 124.2 × 0.50 = 0.621
Baked potato 85.0 × 0.55 = 0.468
Butter 23.5 + 17.8 = 41.3 × 0.10 = 0.041
Tea 140.0 × 0.027 = 0.038
Sugar 15 + 15 = 30.0 × 0.000 = 0.000
Pineapple 74.8 + 158.5 = 233.3 × 0.065 = 0.152
Tea 140.0 × 0.054 = 0.076
Tomato 132.5 × 0.150 = 0.199
Cup cake 121.0 × 0.85 = 1.029
------
Total nitrogen in food 7.024 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 7.300
Fuel value of the food 2011 calories.
_Saturday, June 4, 1904._
Breakfast.—Bread 32 grams, tea 140 grams.
Dinner.—Hash 133 grams, peas 151.5 grams, bread 61.4 grams, butter 16.1
grams, custard 150 grams, sugar 15 grams, tea 140 grams.
Supper.—Bread 62.5 grams, butter 17 grams, tea 140 grams, sugar 15 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Bread 32.0 × 1.44 = 0.461 gram.
Tea 140.0 × 0.021 = 0.029
Hash 133.0 × 1.50 = 1.995
Peas 151.5 × 1.04 = 1.576
Bread 61.4 + 62.5 = 123.9 × 1.47 = 1.821
Butter 16.1 + 17 = 33.1 × 0.10 = 0.033
Custard 150.0 × 0.78 = 1.170
Sugar 15 + 15 = 30.0 × 0.00 = 0.000
Tea 140.0 × 0.033 = 0.046
Tea 140.0 × 0.030 = 0.042
------
Total nitrogen in food 7.173 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 6.780
Fuel value of the food 1297 calories.