+-----------+-------+--------------------------------------------------+
| | | |
| | | Urine. |
| | | |
| Date. | Body- +-------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| |weight.|Volume.| Sp. | Nitrogen. | Uric Acid.| P₂O₅. |
| | | 24 | Gr. | | | |
| | |hours. | | | | |
+-----------+-------+-------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 1903 | kilos | c.c. | | grams | gram | grams |
| | | | | | | |
| Oct. 13 | 63.2 | 1100 | 1017 | 10.63 | 0.323 | 2.38 |
| 14 | | 1050 | 1020 | 9.83 | | |
| 15 | | 1390 | 1018 | 14.93 | 0.432 | 1.98 |
| 16 | | 1370 | 1017 | 11.26 | | |
| 17 | | 1350 | 1019 | 11.18 | | |
| 18 | | 1670 | 1017 | 11.62 | 0.490 | 2.51 |
| 19 | 63.2 | 1075 | 1018 | 10.19 | | |
| 20 | | 1260 | 1015 | 9.98 | 0.483 | 1.88 |
| 21 | | 1350 | 1020 | 13.04 | | |
| 22 | | 1405 | 1015 | 11.38 | 0.431 | 2.07 |
| 23 | | 1240 | 1020 | 11.98 | | |
| 24 | | 1200 | 1023 | 11.16 | | |
| 25 | | 1365 | 1018 | 11.97 | 0.395 | 2.02 |
| 26 | | 1195 | 1020 | 10.75 | | |
| 27 | | 1240 | 1021 | 11.90 | 0.477 | 1.97 |
| 28 | | 1704 | |⎫ | | |
| 29 | | 1105 | |⎬ 9.29 | 0.398 | 1.69 |
| 30 | 64.5 | 1180 | |⎪ daily | daily | daily |
| 31 | | 910 | |⎪ average | average | average |
| Nov. 1 | | 710 | |⎭ | | |
| 2 | | 1540 | |⎫ | | |
| 3 | | 1250 | |⎪ | | |
| 4 | | 1300 | |⎬ 8.54 | 0.354 | 1.65 |
| 5 | | 975 | |⎪ | | |
| 6 | | 1150 | |⎭ | | |
| 8 | 64.6 | 1192 | 1025 | 10.86 | 0.493 | |
| 9 | | 845 | |⎫ | | |
| 10 | | 1255 | |⎪ | | |
| 11 | | 1245 | |⎪ | | |
| 12 | | 1540 | |⎬ 8.84 | 0.368 | 1.85 |
| 13 | | 940 | |⎪ | | |
| 14 | | 1300 | |⎪ | | |
| 15 | | 1065 | |⎭ | | |
| 16 | 64.5 | 1165 | |⎫ 9.45 | | |
| 17 | | 910 | |⎭ | | |
| 18 | | 840 | | 10.59 | 0.444 | |
| 19 | | 1720 | 1012 | 10.32 | 0.331 | 1.95 |
| 20 | | 640 | 1022 | 8.60 | 0.336 |⎫ |
| 21 | | 1310 | 1016 | 9.27 | 0.378 |⎬ 1.75 |
| 22 | | 720 | 1026 | 8.42 | 0.415 |⎭ |
| 23 | 64.7 | 900 | |⎫ | | |
| 24 | | 1520 | |⎪ | | |
| 25 | | 1095 | |⎪ | | |
| 26 | | 710 | |⎬ 8.22 | 0.322 | 1.74 |
| 27 | | 700 | |⎪ | | |
| 28 | | 1140 | |⎪ | | |
| 29 | | 1200 | |⎭ | | |
| 30 | | 820 | |⎫ | | |
| Dec. 1 | | 1335 | |⎪ | | |
| 2 | 64.5 | 940 | |⎪ | | |
| 3 | | 970 | |⎬ 8.15 | 0.362 | 1.68 |
| 4 | | 1240 | |⎪ | | |
| 5 | | 1190 | |⎪ | | |
| 6 | | 720 | |⎭ | | |
| 7 | | 1160 | |⎫ | | |
| 8 | | 960 | |⎪ | | |
| 9 | | 850 | |⎪ | | |
| 10 | | 935 | |⎬ 9.12 | 0.342 | 2.11 |
| 11 | | 945 | |⎪ | | |
| 12 | | 1425 | |⎪ | | |
| 13 | 64.3 | 1065 | |⎭ | | |
| 14 | | 770 | |⎫ | | |
| 15 | | 790 | |⎭ 9.08 | | |
| 30 | | 1230 | 1017 |⎫ | | |
| 31 | 66.1 | 1525 | 1020 |⎪ | | |
| 1904 | | | |⎪ | | |
| Jan. 1 | | 1010 | 1021 |⎬ 8.60 | 0.375 | 1.80 |
| 2 | | 1270 | 1020 |⎪ | | |
| 3 | | 1230 | 1020 |⎭ | | |
| 4 | | 820 | |⎫ | | |
| 5 | | 1425 | 1018 |⎪ | | |
| 6 | | 1100 | 1021 |⎪ | | |
| 7 | | 1025 | 1021 |⎬ 8.42 | 0.338 | 1.76 |
| 8 | | 760 | |⎪ | | |
| 9 | | 1450 | 1019 |⎪ | | |
| 10 | 65.8 | 1410 | 1016 |⎭ | | |
| 11 | | 1030 | 1017 |⎫ | | |
| 12 | 65.0 | 830 | 1023 |⎪ | | |
| 13 | | 790 | 1025 |⎪ | | |
| 14 | | 1070 | 1020 |⎬ 8.51 | 0.428 | |
| 15 | | 1300 | 1019 |⎪ | | |
| 16 | | 925 | 1025 |⎪ | | |
| 17 | | 1100 | 1023 |⎭ | | |
| 18 | | 850 | 1025 |⎫ | | |
| 19 | | 1120 | 1019 |⎪ | | |
| 20 | | 1005 | 1020 |⎪ | | |
| 21 | | 1270 | 1020 |⎬ 8.23 | | |
| 22 | | 980 | 1020 |⎪ | | |
| 23 | | 650 | |⎪ | | |
| 24 | | 980 | 1024 |⎭ | | |
| 25 | 65.5 | 1000 | |⎫ | | |
| 26 | | 940 | |⎪ | | |
| 27 | | 1350 | |⎪ | | |
| 28 | | 840 | |⎬ 8.85 | 0.395 | 1.67 |
| 29 | | 675 | |⎪ | | |
| 30 | | 740 | |⎪ | | |
| 31 | | 1160 | 1017 |⎭ | | |
| Feb. 1 | | 700 | |⎫ | | |
| 2 | | 860 | |⎪ | | |
| 3 | | 925 | |⎪ | | |
| 4 | | 590 | |⎬ 8.22 | 0.381 | 1.19 |
| 5 | | 835 | |⎪ | | |
| 6 | | 935 | |⎪ | | |
| 7 | | 930 | |⎭ | | |
| 8 | | 1035 | 1017 | 9.00 | | |
| 9 | 64.1 | 800 | 1027 | 8.64 | 0.432 | |
| 10 | | 940 | 1020 | 8.29 | 0.314 | |
| 11 | | 720 | 1030 | 8.55 | 0.364 | |
| 12 | | 860 | 1023 | 9.93 | 0.348 | |
| 13 | | 980 | 1022 | 8.87 | 0.379 | |
| 14 | 63.9 | 1285 | 1022 | 8.33 | 0.385 | |
| 15 | | 910 | |⎫ | | |
| 16 | | 1210 | |⎪ | | |
| 17 | | 1455 | |⎪ | | |
| 18 | | 1000 | 1022 |⎬ 9.30 | 0.301 | |
| 19 | | 1420 | |⎪ | | |
| 20 | | 1050 | |⎪ | | |
| 21 | 64.5 | 1365 | |⎭ | | |
| 22 | | 765 | |⎫ | | |
| 23 | | 1070 | |⎪ | | |
| 24 | | 1080 | |⎬ 9.685 | 0.423 | |
| 25 | | 1495 | |⎪ | | |
| 26 | | 970 | |⎪ | | |
| 28 | | 750 | |⎭ | | |
| 29 | | 725 | |⎫ | | |
| Mar. 1 | | 1100 | |⎪ | | |
| 2 | | 990 | 1024 |⎪ | | |
| 3 | | 1180 | |⎬ 10.31 | 0.410 | |
| 4 | | 1100 | |⎪ | | |
| 5 | | 1010 | |⎪ | | |
| 6 | | 970 | |⎭ | | |
| 7 | | 790 | |⎫ | | |
| 8 | 64.4 | 670 | |⎪ | | |
| 9 | | 840 | |⎪ | | |
| 10 | | 1110 | |⎬ 8.99 | 0.433 | |
| 11 | | 1090 | |⎪ | | |
| 12 | | 755 | |⎪ | | |
| 13 | | 1220 | |⎭ | | |
| 14 | | 745 | |⎫ | | |
| 15 | | 1030 | |⎪ | | |
| 16 | | 1040 | |⎪ | | |
| 17 | | 1080 | |⎬ 8.24 | 0.368 | |
| 18 | | 1390 | |⎪ | | |
| 19 | | 795 | |⎪ | | |
| 20 | 64.0 | 840 | |⎭ | | |
| 21 | | 720 | |⎫ | | |
| 22 | | 970 | |⎪ | | |
| 23 | | 1200 | |⎪ | | |
| 24 | | 845 | |⎬ 9.26 | 0.545 | |
| 25 | | 1000 | |⎪ | | |
| 26 | | 1180 | |⎪ | | |
| 27 | | 1750 | |⎭ | | |
| 28 | | 820 | |⎫ | | |
| 29 | | 710 | |⎪ | | |
| 30 | | 1100 | |⎬ 9.59 | 0.409 | |
| 31 | | 770 | |⎪ | | |
| Apr. 1 | | 1250 | |⎪ | | |
| 2 | | 885 | |⎭ | | |
| 3 | 65.0 | 630 | | | | |
+-----------+-------+-------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
|Daily average from | | | | | |
| Oct. 28, 1903 | 1035 | 1021 | 8.99 | 0.386 | 1.73 |
+-------------------+-------+------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
On February 9, a nitrogen balance was attempted, when for a period of six
days a careful comparison of intake and output of nitrogen was made. The
results show that while during this period of six days 52.999 grams of
nitrogen were ingested, there was an output through the urine and fæces
of 61.13 grams of nitrogen, thus indicating a minus balance for this
period of 1.355 grams of nitrogen per day. The average daily intake of
nitrogen was 8.83 grams. The average daily output of nitrogen through
the kidneys was 8.77 grams, being 0.22 gram less than the average daily
excretion through the kidneys for the six months’ period. The fuel value
of the food for this period averaged 2529 calories per day. The nitrogen
balance, however, is so strikingly a minus balance that we are forced to
conclude the above quantities of food were not quite sufficient to meet
the needs of the body under the then existing conditions. Still, the fact
that the body-weight during the entire period of six months showed no
tendency downward implies that during this longer period the body must
have been essentially in nitrogen equilibrium, under conditions whereby
there was a metabolism of only 56 grams of proteid per day. As before
stated, this means a physiological economy, as contrasted with existing
standards, of about 50 per cent in proteid food. So far as was to be
seen, the bodily strength and vigor of the subject, like his body-weight,
were fully maintained under the restricted diet, but, for some reason, he
did not apparently take as kindly to a reduction of proteid food, and did
not accomplish so great a lowering in the rate of proteid metabolism.
Following are the data of the balance experiment:
_Tuesday, February 9, 1904._
Breakfast.—Coffee 210 grams, bread 38.5 grams, oatmeal 127 grams, cream
92 grams, sugar 20 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 63.5 grams, butter 12.5 grams, potato 155 grams, consommé
150 grams, stewed tomato 109 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 20 grams,
pudding 85 grams.
Dinner.—Roast beef 17.5 grams, potato 177 grams, bread 39.1 grams, butter
12 grams, string beans 110 grams, apple pie 237.6 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Coffee 210.0 × 0.10 = 0.210 grams.
Bread 38.5 + 63.5 + 39.1 = 141.1 × 1.36 = 1.918
Oatmeal 127.0 × 0.64 = 0.812
Cream 92.0 × 0.40 = 0.368
Butter 12.5 + 12 = 24.5 × 0.088 = 0.021
Potato 155.0 × 0.28 = 0.434
Consommé 150.0 × 0.38 = 0.570
Tomato 109.0 × 0.19 = 0.207
Sugar 20 + 20 = 40.0 × 0.00 = 0.000
Pudding 85.0 × 0.69 = 0.586
Roast beef 17.5 × 2.64 = 0.462
Potato 177.0 × 0.36 = 0.637
String beans 110.0 × 0.26 = 0.286
Apple pie 237.6 × 0.49 = 1.164
Coffee 210.0 × 0.099 = 0.208
------
Total nitrogen in food 7.883 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.640
Fuel value of the food 2576 calories.
_Wednesday, February 10, 1904._
Breakfast.—Coffee 210 grams, bread 31.8 grams, cream 50 grams, sugar 40
grams, oatmeal 155 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 77 grams, butter 14.5 grams, apple fritters 193.5 grams,
coffee 210 grams, sugar 20 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 82 grams, butter 20 grams, cranberries 150 grams, baked
beans 150 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 32 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Coffee 210.0 × 0.12 = 0.252 grams.
Bread 31.8 + 77 + 82 = 190.8 × 1.65 = 3.148
Cream 50.0 × 0.47 = 0.235
Sugar 40 + 20 + 32 = 92.0 × 0.00 = 0.000
Oatmeal 155.0 × 0.60 = 0.930
Butter 14.5 + 20 = 34.5 × 0.088 = 0.030
Fritters 193.5 × 0.45 = 0.870
Coffee 210.0 × 0.11 = 0.231
Cranberries 150.0 × 0.04 = 0.060
Baked beans 150.0 × 1.40 = 2.100
Coffee 210.0 × 0.11 = 0.231
------
Total nitrogen in food 8.087 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.290
Fuel value of the food 2145 calories.
_Thursday, February 11, 1904._
Breakfast.—Bread 49 grams, oatmeal 185.7 grams, cream 64 grams, coffee
210 grams, sugar 35 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 111.8 grams, butter 40.5 grams, sweet potato 287 grams,
peach preserve 109.3 grams.
Dinner.—Tomato purée 99 grams, bread 94.5 grams, butter 21.5 grams, beans
138 grams, lemon pie 155 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Bread 49 + 111.8 + 94.5 = 255.3 × 1.75 = 4.467 grams.
Oatmeal 185.7 × 0.40 = 0.742
Cream 64.0 × 0.49 = 0.313
Coffee 210.0 × 0.096 = 0.201
Sugar 35 + 21 = 56.0 × 0.00 = 0.000
Butter 40.5 + 21.5 = 62.0 × 0.088 = 0.054
Sweet potato 287.0 × 0.31 = 0.889
Peach preserve 109.3 × 0.09 = 0.098
Tomato purée 99.0 × 0.33 = 0.326
Beans 138.0 × 1.30 = 1.794
Lemon pie 155.0 × 0.61 = 0.945
Coffee 210.0 × 0.13 = 0.273
------
Total nitrogen in food 10.102 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.550
Fuel value of the food 2854 calories.
_Friday, February 12, 1904._
Breakfast.—Oatmeal 192.3 grams, cream 75.5 grams, bread 41.6 grams,
coffee 210 grams, sugar 20 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 64.1 grams, butter 14 grams, fish cakes 60 grams, potato 200
grams, custard 107.3 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 60 grams, butter 15 grams, lima beans 100 grams, potato 150
grams, apple dumpling 259 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal 192.3 × 0.52 = 0.999 grams.
Cream 75.5 × 0.50 = 0.377
Bread 41.6 + 64.1 + 60 = 165.7 × 1.71 = 2.833
Coffee 210.0 × 0.11 = 0.231
Sugar 20.0 × 0.00 = 0.000
Butter 14 + 15 = 29.0 × 0.088 = 0.025
Fish cakes 60.0 × 1.57 = 0.942
Potato 200.0 × 0.41 = 0.820
Custard 107.3 × 0.83 = 0.890
Lima beans 100.0 × 0.90 = 0.900
Potato 150.0 × 0.37 = 0.555
Apple dumpling 259.0 × 0.72 = 1.864
------
Total nitrogen in food 10.436 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 9.930
Fuel value of the food 2363 calories.
_Saturday, February 13, 1904._
Breakfast.—Oatmeal 150 grams, cream 42 grams, sugar 31 grams, bread 31
grams, coffee 210 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 36 grams, sweet potato 222 grams, butter 17 grams, quince
preserve 81.5 grams, apple turnover 154.5 grains.
Dinner.—Potato 175 grams, bread 62 grams, butter 15 grams, peas 100
grams, apple pie 177 grams, coffee 210 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Oatmeal 150.0 × 0.43 = 0.645 grams.
Cream 42.0 × 0.50 = 0.210
Sugar 31 + 21 = 52.0 × 0.00 = 0.000
Bread 31 + 36 + 62 = 129.0 × 1.64 = 2.115
Coffee 210.0 × 0.11 = 0.231
Sweet potato 222.0 × 0.37 = 0.821
Butter 17 + 15 = 32.0 × 0.088 = 0.028
Quince preserve 81.5 × 0.047 = 0.038
Apple turnover 154.5 × 0.96 = 1.483
Potato 175.0 × 0.37 = 0.647
Peas 100.0 × 0.96 = 0.960
Apple pie 177.0 × 0.43 = 0.761
Coffee 210.0 × 0.11 = 0.231
------
Total nitrogen in food 8.170 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.870
Fuel value of the food 2606 calories.
_Sunday, February 14, 1904._
Breakfast.—Quaker oats 150 grams, bread 42.5 grams, coffee 210 grams,
sugar 31 grams, banana 88.2 grams, cream 87.6 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 87.3 grams, butter 28.7 grams, potato 210 grams, apple sauce
116.5 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 51.5 grams, butter 12.2 grams, sugar 21 grams, potato 150
grams, succotash 100 grams, chocolate cake 122.5 grams, vanilla ice 110.7
grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Quaker oats 150.0 × 0.46 = 0.690 grams.
Bread 42.5 + 87.3 + 51.5 = 181.3 × 1.75 = 3.172
Coffee 210.0 × 0.11 = 0.231
Sugar 31 + 21 = 52.0 × 0.00 = 0.000
Banana 88.2 × 0.20 = 0.176
Cream 87.6 × 0.50 = 0.438
Butter 28.7 + 12.2 = 40.9 × 0.088 = 0.035
Potato 210.0 × 0.41 = 0.861
Apple sauce 116.5 × 0.029 = 0.033
Potato 150.0 × 0.37 = 0.555
Succotash 100.0 × 0.57 = 0.570
Chocolate cake 122.5 × 0.75 = 0.918
Vanilla ice 110.7 × 0.58 = 0.642
------
Total nitrogen in food 8.321 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 8.330
Fuel value of the food 2635 calories.