Nitrogen Output.
Taken in. Nitrogen in Urine. Weight of Fæces (dry).
Feb. 9 7.63 grams. 7.52 grams.
10 6.77 6.75
11 8.62 6.71
12 8.83 8.24 53 ⎫ contain 5.84%
⎬ N = 6.248 grm. N.
13 7.31 7.83 54 ⎭
14 7.63 7.99 39.2 contain 6.72%
N = 2.634
------ ------ ------ -----
146.2 8.882 grm. N.
46.79 45.04 + 8.882 grams nitrogen.
------ ----------------------
46.79 grams nitrogen. 53.92 grams nitrogen.
Nitrogen balance for six days = -7.13 grams.
Nitrogen balance per day = -1.19 grams.
Average Intake.
Calories per day 1975.
Nitrogen per day 7.83 grams.
In this balance period of six days the average daily intake of nitrogen
was 7.83 grams, coupled with an average fuel value of the food per day
of 1975 calories. This latter value was obviously too small for a man
of Dr. Mendel’s body-weight, and doing the amount of physical work he
was called upon to perform. Being on one’s feet in a laboratory six to
eight hours a day, in addition to the ordinary activity of a vigorous man
leading a strenuous life, necessitates the utilization and oxidation of
considerable food material. The average daily output of nitrogen through
the urine amounted to 7.50 grams, considerably above the average daily
excretion for the seven months’ period. Still, under these conditions
there was a minus balance of 7.13 grams of nitrogen for the six days’
period, indicating that the body was drawing upon its stock of proteid
material to the extent of 1.19 grams of nitrogen per day. This does
not necessarily mean that the body had need of that additional amount
of proteid matter each day, but rather that the amount of total energy
required was beyond the potential energy supplied by the food. There not
being sufficient non-nitrogenous food at hand, the body was compelled to
draw upon its own resources, and in so doing utilized some of its tissue
proteid. This is made quite clear by the results of the second balance
period shortly to be described.
It is evident, however, that while the body was not in nitrogen
equilibrium for this particular period of six days, there must have been
a general condition of both body and nitrogen equilibrium, otherwise the
body-weight would not have remained practically stationary for so long a
period as from February 7 to June 20.
Commencing May 18, a second nitrogen balance was attempted, in which,
as in the preceding case, there was a careful comparison of income and
output for seven days. There was as before a free choice of food, but it
was essentially vegetable in character. A greater variety of foods was
taken, however, and an effort was made to have the non-nitrogenous food
somewhat more liberal in amount, though in as close harmony as possible
with the desires of the appetite.
_Wednesday, May 18, 1904._
Breakfast.—Banana 92 grams, bread rolls 28 grams, cream 50 grams, coffee
150 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 66 grams, soup 150 grams, farina 154 grams, sweet potato 123
grams, beans 70 grams, syrup 50 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams,
sugar 14 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 42 grams, consommé 100 grams, spinach 100 grams, mashed
potato 250 grams, apple pie 97 grams, coffee 150 grams, cream 50 grams,
sugar 21 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Banana 92 × 0.23 = 0.212 grams.
Bread rolls 28 × 1.66 = 0.465
Cream 50 × 0.46 = 0.230
Coffee 150 × 0.066 = 0.099
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
Bread 66 × 1.60 = 1.056
Soup 150 × 0.41 = 0.615
Farina 154 × 1.09 = 1.678
Sweet Potato 123 × 0.32 = 0.394
Beans 70 × 0.34 = 0.238
Syrup 50 × 0.024 = 0.012
Coffee 150 × 0.057 = 0.086
Cream 50 × 0.46 = 0.230
Sugar 14 × 0.00 = 0.000
Bread 42 × 1.80 = 0.756
Consommé 100 × 0.38 = 0.380
Spinach 100 × 0.53 = 0.530
Mashed potato 250 × 0.38 = 0.950
Apple pie 97 × 0.43 = 0.417
Coffee 150 × 0.06 = 0.090
Cream 50 × 0.46 = 0.230
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
------
Total nitrogen in food 8.668 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 6.060
Fuel value of the food 2359 calories.
_Thursday, May 19, 1904._
Breakfast.—Banana 102 grams, bread rolls 50 grams, coffee 150 grams,
cream 50 grams, sugar 21 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 57 grams, egg omelette 20 grams, hominy 137 grams, syrup 68
grams, potatoes 128 grams, coffee 100 grams, sugar 21 grams, cream 50
grams.
Dinner.—Tomato purée 200 grams, bread 24 grams, fried sweet potato 100
grams, spinach 70 grams, Indian meal 100 grams, syrup 25 grams, coffee
100 grams, sugar 21 grams, cream 40 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Banana 102 × 0.23 = 0.235 grams.
Bread rolls 50 × 1.54 = 0.770
Coffee 150 × 0.06 = 0.090
Cream 50 × 0.47 = 0.235
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
Bread 57 × 1.60 = 0.912
Egg Omelette 20 × 1.58 = 0.316
Hominy 137 × 0.20 = 0.274
Syrup 68 × 0.024 = 0.016
Potatoes 128 × 0.49 = 0.627
Coffee 100 × 0.06 = 0.060
Cream 50 × 0.47 = 0.235
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
Tomato purée 200 × 0.53 = 1.060
Bread 24 × 1.74 = 0.418
Sweet potato 100 × 0.38 = 0.380
Spinach 70 × 0.56 = 0.392
Indian meal 100 × 0.20 = 0.200
Syrup 25 × 0.024 = 0.006
Coffee 100 × 0.06 = 0.060
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 40 × 0.47 = 0.188
------
Total nitrogen in food 6.474 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 7.170
Fuel value of the food 2072 calories.
_Friday, May 20, 1904._
Breakfast.—Sliced orange 140 grams, coffee 100 grams, cream 30 grams,
sugar 21 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 28 grams, mashed potato 250 grams, lima beans 40 grams,
coffee 100 grams, sugar 21 grams, cream 30 grams, fried hominy 115 grams,
syrup 48 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 19 grams, consommé 150 grams, string beans 140 grams, mashed
potato 250 grams, rice croquette 93 grams, cranberry jam 95 grams, coffee
100 grams, sugar 21 grams, cream 30 grams, syrup 25 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Sliced orange 140 × 0.20 = 0.280
Coffee 100 × 0.06 = 0.060
Cream 30 × 0.44 = 0.132
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
Bread 28 × 1.71 = 0.479
Mashed potato 250 × 0.30 = 0.750
Lima beans 40 × 0.76 = 0.304
Coffee 100 × 0.06 = 0.060
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 30 × 0.44 = 0.132
Fried hominy 115 × 0.57 = 0.656
Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012
Bread 19 × 1.97 = 0.374
Consommé 150 × 0.59 = 0.885
String beans 140 × 0.36 = 0.504
Mashed potato 250 × 0.34 = 0.850
Rice croquettes 93 × 1.06 = 0.986
Cranberry jam 95 × 0.03 = 0.029
Coffee 100 × 0.06 = 0.060
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 30 × 0.44 = 0.132
Syrup 25 × 0.024 = 0.006
------
Total nitrogen in food 6.691 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 6.330
Fuel value of the food 1915 calories.
_Saturday, May 21, 1904._
Breakfast.—Banana 153 grams, coffee 150 grams, sugar 21 grams, cream 30
grams.
Lunch.—Bread 25 grams, potato croquette 229 grams, Indian meal 109 grams,
tomato 123 grams, syrup 48 grams, coffee 100 grams, sugar 14 grams, cream
20 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 31 grams, bean soup 100 grams, fried potato 200 grams,
bacon 5 grams, lettuce-orange salad 47 grams, prunes 137 grams, coffee
100 grams, sugar 21 grams, cream 25 grams, banana 255 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Banana 153 × 0.23 = 0.352 grams.
Coffee 150 × 0.06 = 0.090
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 30 × 0.43 = 0.129
Bread 25 × 1.82 = 0.455
Potato croquette 229 × 0.71 = 1.626
Indian meal 109 × 1.09 = 1.188
Tomato 123 × 0.17 = 0.209
Syrup 48 × 0.024 = 0.012
Coffee 100 × 0.06 = 0.060
Sugar 14 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 20 × 0.43 = 0.086
Bread 31 × 1.62 = 0.502
Bean soup 100 × 1.21 = 1.210
Fried potato 200 × 0.60 = 1.200
Bacon 5 × 3.05 = 0.153
Lettuce-orange salad 47 × 0.21 = 0.099
Prunes 137 × 0.16 = 0.219
Coffee 100 × 0.06 = 0.060
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 25 × 0.43 = 0.108
Banana 255 × 0.23 = 0.587
------
Total nitrogen in food 8.345 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 6.780
Fuel value of the food 2485 calories.
_Sunday, May 22, 1904._
Breakfast.—Banana 220 grams, orange 60 grams, coffee 100 grams, sugar 21
grams, cream 25 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 35 grams, potato 300 grams, fried rice 160 grams, syrup 63
grams, ice cream 84 grams, coffee 100 grams, sugar 14 grams.
Dinner.—Cream of celery soup 100 grams, bread 21 grams, mashed potato
250 grams, spinach 40 grams, French fried potato 100 grams, strawberry
short-cake 120 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Banana 220 × 0.23 = 0.506 grams.
Orange 60 × 0.20 = 0.120
Coffee 100 × 0.06 = 0.060
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 25 × 0.45 = 0.113
Bread 35 × 1.57 = 0.550
Potato 300 × 0.30 = 0.900
Fried rice 160 × 0.75 = 1.200
Syrup 63 × 0.024 = 0.015
Ice cream 84 × 0.53 = 0.445
Coffee 100 × 0.06 = 0.060
Sugar 14 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream of celery soup 100 × 0.33 = 0.330
Bread 21 × 1.91 = 0.401
Mashed potato 250 × 0.37 = 0.925
Spinach 40 × 0.55 = 0.220
French fried potato 100 × 0.57 = 0.570
Strawberry short-cake 120 × 0.50 = 0.600
------
Total nitrogen in food 7.015 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 5.700
Fuel value of the food 2321 calories.
_Monday, May 23, 1904._
Breakfast.—Banana 229 grams, coffee 125 grams, sugar 21 grams, cream 25
grams.
Lunch.—Bread 58 grams, apple sauce 125 grams, scrambled egg 15 grams,
consommé 75 grams, fried potato 170 grams, rice croquette 197 grams,
syrup 68 grams, coffee 100 grams, sugar 21 grams, cream 30 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 72.5 grams, vegetable soup 100 grams, potato croquette 198
grams, bacon 7 grams, string beans 120 grams, water ice 77 grams, coffee
100 grams, cream 30 grams, sugar 14 grams, banana 270 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Banana 229 × 0.23 = 0.527 grams.
Coffee 125 × 0.06 = 0.075
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 25 × 0.45 = 0.113
Bread 58 × 1.63 = 0.945
Apple sauce 125 × 0.02 = 0.025
Scrambled egg 15 × 2.07 = 0.311
Consommé 75 × 0.65 = 0.488
Fried potato 170 × 0.60 = 1.020
Rice croquette 197 × 0.61 = 1.202
Syrup 68 × 0.024 = 0.016
Coffee 100 × 0.06 = 0.060
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 30 × 0.45 = 0.135
Bread 72.5 × 1.75 = 1.269
Soup 100 × 0.70 = 0.700
Potato croquette 198 × 0.77 = 1.525
Bacon 7 × 3.28 = 0.230
String beans 120 × 0.22 = 0.264
Water ice 77 × 0.006 = 0.005
Coffee 100 × 0.06 = 0.060
Cream 30 × 0.45 = 0.135
Sugar 14 × 0.00 = 0.000
Banana 270 × 0.23 = 0.621
------
Total nitrogen in food 9.726 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 5.750
Fuel value of the food 2756 calories.
_Tuesday, May 24, 1904._
Breakfast.—Orange 100 grams, rolls 37 grams, rice 50 grams, syrup 25
grams, coffee 125 grams, sugar 21 grams, cream 50 grams.
Lunch.—Bread 77 grams, cream of celery soup 125 grams, mashed potato 270
grams, tomato sauce 50 grams, farina croquette 191 grams, syrup 78 grams,
coffee 75 grams, cream 20 grams, sugar 7 grams.
Dinner.—Bread 49 grams, tomato soup 200 grams, French fried potato 200
grams, spinach 50 grams, farina croquette 276 grams, syrup 100 grams,
coffee 100 grams, sugar 14 grams, cream 50 grams.
Food. Grams. Per cent Nitrogen. Total Nitrogen.
Orange 100 × 0.20 = 0.200 grams.
Bread rolls 37 × 1.64 = 0.607
Rice 50 × 0.36 = 0.180
Syrup 25 × 0.024 = 0.006
Coffee 125 × 0.06 = 0.075
Sugar 21 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 50 × 0.45 = 0.225
Bread 77 × 1.66 = 1.278
Celery soup 125 × 0.48 = 0.600
Mashed potato 270 × 0.26 = 0.702
Tomato sauce 50 × 0.23 = 0.115
Farina croquette 191 × 0.74 = 1.413
Syrup 78 × 0.024 = 0.019
Coffee 75 × 0.06 = 0.045
Cream 20 × 0.45 = 0.090
Sugar 7 × 0.00 = 0.000
Bread 49 × 1.82 = 0.892
Tomato soup 200 × 0.19 = 0.380
French fried potato 200 × 0.46 = 0.920
Spinach 50 × 0.54 = 0.270
Farina croquette 276 × 0.76 = 2.098
Syrup 100 × 0.024 = 0.024
Coffee 100 × 0.06 = 0.060
Sugar 14 × 0.00 = 0.000
Cream 50 × 0.45 = 0.225
------
Total nitrogen in food 10.424 grams.
Total nitrogen in urine 6.390
Fuel value of the food 3229 calories.