Swastika, the
章节目录
共 203 题- THE SWASTIKA,
- THOMAS WILSON,
- TABLE OF CONTENTS.
- Preface 763
- I.--DEFINITIONS, DESCRIPTION, AND ORIGIN.
- Different forms of the cross 765
- Names and definitions of the Swastika 768
- Symbolism and interpretation 770
- Origin and habitat 791
- II.--DISPERSION OF THE SWASTIKA.
- III.--FORMS ALLIED TO THE SWASTIKA.
- IV.--THE CROSS AMONG THE AMERICAN INDIANS.
- Introduction of the cross into America 944
- V.--SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SWASTIKA. 948
- VI.--THE MIGRATION OF SYMBOLS.
- Migration of the Swastika 952
- CONCLUSION 981
- BIBLIOGRAPHY 984
- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 997
- THE SWASTIKA,
- PREFACE.
- I.--DEFINITIONS, DESCRIPTION, AND ORIGIN.
- DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE CROSS.
- Fig. 13_c_. SPIRAL AND VOLUTE. (Five or many armed.)
- Fig. 13_d_. OGEE SWASTIKA, WITH CIRCLE.]
- NAMES AND DEFINITIONS OF THE SWASTIKA.
- M. Eugene Burnouf[3] defines the mark Swastika as follows:
- SYMBOLISM AND INTERPRETATION.
- Max Müller continues his explanation:[13]
- Max Müller continues:[16]
- R. P. Greg says:[31]
- Professor Sayce says:[34]
- One of the Vedas says of Agni, the god of fire:[43]
- Burton says:[53]
- Fig. 17. TYPICAL LOTUS ON MELIAN VASES.]
- ORIGIN AND HABITAT.
- Professor Sayce, in his preface to "Troja," says:[93]
- Max Müller cites the following paragraph by Professor Sayce:[95]
- Professor Goodyear says:[100]
- Cartailhac says:[102]
- II.--DISPERSION OF THE SWASTIKA.
- EXTREME ORIENT.
- JAPAN.
- KOREA.
- CHINA.
- TIBET.
- INDIA.
- De Mortillet and others hold the same opinion.[122]
- CLASSICAL ORIENT.
- BABYLONIA, ASSYRIA, CHALDEA, AND PERSIA.
- PHENICIA.
- LYCAONIA.
- ARMENIA.
- CAUCASUS.
- ASIA MINOR--TROY (HISSARLIK).
- Professor Sayce also gives his opinion on the age of these ruins:[161]
- AFRICA.
- EGYPT.
- ALGERIA.
- ASHANTEE.
- CLASSICAL OCCIDENT--MEDITERRANEAN.
- GREECE AND THE ISLANDS OF CYPRUS, RHODES, MELOS, AND THERA.
- EUROPE.
- BRONZE AGE.
- Greg says:[190]
- Dr. Max Ohnefalsch-Richter says:[191]
- Fig. 204_b_. RUNIC INSCRIPTION ON SPEARHEAD. Torcello, Italy.]
- GALLO ROMAN PERIOD.
- ANGLO-SAXON PERIOD.
- THE SWASTIKA ON ANCIENT COINS.
- EXPLANATION OF PLATE 9.
- PUNCH MARKS ON REVERSE OF ANCIENT COINS.
- UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
- PRE-COLUMBIAN TIMES.
- 4. Two polished stone hatchets, one discoidal stone.
- 5. One polished stone hatchet.
- 7. Two large seashells.
- 9. Two polished stone hatchets.
- 12. A lot of small shell beads.
- 17. One polished stone hatchet.
- 22. Two polished stone chisels, one stone disk.
- 24. One polished stone hatchet.
- 27. One polished stone hatchet.
- 28. Two polished stone hatchets, one ornamented bowl.
- 31. One polished stone hatchet, one polished stone chisel.
- 34. Three polished stone hatchets.
- 36. One discoidal stone.
- 43. Lot of shell beads.
- 52. One shell mask, one shell gorget, one shell ornament.
- NORTH AMERICAN INDIANS.
- Dr. Schliemann reports:[260]
- COLONIAL PATCHWORK.
- CENTRAL AMERICA.
- NICARAGUA.
- YUCATAN.
- COSTA RICA.
- SOUTH AMERICA.
- BRAZIL.
- PARAGUAY.
- III.--FORMS ALLIED TO THE SWASTIKA.
- MEANDERS, OGEES, AND SPIRALS, BENT TO THE LEFT AS WELL AS TO THE RIGHT.
- ABORIGINAL AMERICAN ENGRAVINGS AND PAINTINGS.
- DESIGNS ON SHELL.
- DESIGNS ON POTTERY.
- DESIGNS ON BASKETRY.
- IV.--THE CROSS AMONG THE AMERICAN INDIANS.
- DIFFERENT FORMS.
- THE CROSS ON OBJECTS OF SHELL AND COPPER.
- EXPLANATION OF PLATE 19.
- THE CROSS ON POTTERY.
- SYMBOLIC MEANINGS OF THE CROSS.
- INTRODUCTION OF THE CROSS INTO AMERICA.
- DECORATIVE FORMS NOT OF THE CROSS, BUT ALLIED TO THE SWASTIKA.
- COLOR STAMPS FROM MEXICO AND VENEZUELA.
- Marcano says:[304]
- V.--SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SWASTIKA.
- VI.--THE MIGRATION OF SYMBOLS.
- MIGRATION OF THE SWASTIKA.
- MIGRATION OF CLASSIC SYMBOLS.
- SPINDLE-WHORLS.
- EUROPE.
- NORTH AMERICA--PRE-COLUMBIAN TIMES.
- CENTRAL AMERICA.
- SOUTH AMERICA.
- BOBBINS.
- EUROPE.
- UNITED STATES.
- CONCLUSION.
- BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE SWASTIKA.
- AMERICAN ENCYCLOPEDIA.
- CENTURY DICTIONARY.
- ENCYCLOPÆDIC DICTIONARY.
- ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA.
- MASSON, ----. [The Swastika found on large rock near Karachi.]
- MÜLLER, LUDWIG. [Swastika.]
- 2 vols., 8º, pp. 774, 864.
- LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
- PLATES.
- 3. Swastika design on silk fabrics 800
- 4. Swastika in spider web over fruit 800
- 6. Incense burner with Swastika decoration. South Tang Dynasty 800
- 7. House of Wa Tsung-Chih of Sin Shin, with Swastika in railing 800
- 8. Mountain or wild date--fruit resembling Swastika. China 800
- 9. Punch marks on reverse of ancient coins 876
- 4. Silver coin of Acanthus. Reverse. Incuse square.
- 5. Silver coin of Mende. Reverse. Incuse triangles.
- 6. Silver coin of Terone. Reverse. Incuse.
- 10. Silver coin of Abdera. Reverse. Incuse square.
- 12. Silver coin of Thrasos (Thrace). Reverse. Incuse square.
- 2. Greek cross.
- 3. Cross on copper.
- 4. Cross on shell.
- 5. Greek cross.
- 6. Greek cross.
- 7. Latin cross, copper.
- 8. Greek cross.
- 9. Latin cross, copper.
- 10. Swastika on shell.
- 11. Swastika on shell.
- 12. Swastika on pottery.
- 13. Swastika on pottery.
- TEXT FIGURES.
- Fig. 1. Latin cross (_Crux immissa_) 765
- 2. Greek cross 765
- 3. St. Andrew's cross (_Crux decussata_) 765
- 4. Egyptian cross (_Crux ansata_), the Key of Life 766
- 5. Tan cross, Thor's hammer, St. Anthony's cross 766
- 6. Monogram of Christ. Labarum of Constantine 766
- 7. Maltese cross 766
- 8. Celtic crosses 767
- 10. Suavastika. Arms bent to the left 767
- 11. Swastika 767
- 12. _Croix swasticale_ (Zmigrodzki) 767
- 13_a_. Ogee and spiral Swastikas. Tetraskelion (four-armed) 768
- 13_b_. Spiral and volute. Triskelion (three-armed) 768
- 13_c_. Spiral and volute (five or many armed) 768
- 13_d_. Ogee Swastika with circle 768
- 16. Typical lotus on Rhodian vases. Goodyear, _Grammar_, etc. 782
- 33. Explanation of Jain Swastika, according to Gandhi 804
- 34_a_. The formation of the Jain Swastika--First stage 804
- 34_b_. The formation of the Jain Swastika--Second stage 804
- 34_c_. The formation of the Jain Swastika--Third stage 805
- 102 to 113. Trojan spindle-whorls. Schliemann, _Ilios_ 827
- 114 to 124. Trojan Spindle-whorls. Schliemann, _Ilios_ 828
- 130_a_. Detail of vase shown in the preceding figure 834
- 149. Terra-cotta vase, Swastika, and figure of horse 841
- 195. Fragment of pottery with Swastika stamped in relief 861
- 205. Redding comb with Swastika. Scandinavia 865
- 210. Scandinavian sword scabbard with ogee Swastika 866
- 262. Different forms of Swastika, placed together for comparison 905
- 264. Shell gorget from Tennessee 907
- 265. Shell gorget from Tennessee 907
- 266. Shell gorget from Tennessee 908
- 293. Pottery vase, volutes. Arkansas 921
- 296. Vessel of black ware, spiral scroll. Arkansas 924
- 317. Crosses with circles, star symbols. Oakley Springs, Ariz. 936
- 320. Latin cross representing dragon fly. Dakota Indians 936
- 344. Modern churn lid with design resembling Swastika. Lapland 956
- 370. Bobbin (?). Lexington, Ky. Cat. No. 16691, U. S. N. M. 976
- MAP.
- Distribution of the Swastika 904
- CHART.
- FOOTNOTES: