handbook of
章节目录
共 316 题- A HANDBOOK
- OF
- SYSTEMATIC BOTANY
- BY
- DR. E. WARMING
- WITH A REVISION OF THE FUNGI BY
- WITH 610 ILLUSTRATIONS
- PREFACE.
- TABLE OF CONTENTS.
- PAGE
- DIVISION I. THALLOPHYTA 4
- A. Sub-Division. Myxomycetes, Slime-Fungi 5
- B. Sub-Division. Algæ 8
- Class 1. SYNGENETICÆ 14
- Family 1. Schizophyceæ 22
- Class 5. CONJUGATÆ 41
- Family 1. Protococcoideæ 47
- Class 7. CHARACEÆ 64
- Family 1. Phæosporeæ 68
- Class 9. DICTYOTALES 76
- Family 1. Bangioideæ 77
- C. Sub-Division. Fungi 84
- Class 1. PHYCOMYCETES 96
- Sub-Class 1. _Zygomycetes_ 96
- Family 1. Entomophthorales 102
- Class 2. MESOMYCETES 108
- Sub-Class 1. _Hemiasci_ 108
- Class 3. MYCOMYCETES (HIGHER FUNGI) 114
- Sub-Class 1. _Ascomycetes_ 114
- Series 1. Exoasci 116
- Family 1. Gymnoascales 118
- Ascolichenes 136
- Sub-Class 2. _Basidiomycetes_ 144
- Series 1. Protobasidomycetes 145
- Family 1. Dacryomycetes 159
- Basidiolichenes 176
- Fungi Imperfecti 176
- DIVISION II. MUSCINEÆ (MOSSES) 181
- Class 1. HEPATICÆ 188
- Family 1. Marchantieæ 190
- Class 2. MUSCI FRONDOSI 192
- Family 1. Sphagneæ 193
- DIVISION III. PTERIDOPHYTA 198
- Class 1. FILICINÆ 205
- Sub-Class 1. _Filices_ 205
- Family 1. Eusporangiatæ 210
- Sub-Class 2. _Hydropterideæ_ 215
- Class 2. EQUISETINÆ (HORSETAILS) 221
- Sub-Class 1. _Isosporous Equisetinæ_ 221
- Class 3. LYCOPODINÆ (CLUB MOSSES) 226
- Sub-Class 1. _Lycopodieæ_ 226
- TRANSITION FROM THE CRYPTOGAMS TO THE PHANEROGAMS 234
- Asexual Generation of the Cormophytes 234
- Sexual Generation; Fertilisation 243
- DIVISION IV. GYMNOSPERMÆ 251
- Class 1. CYCADEÆ (CYCADS) 252
- Family 1. Taxoideæ 259
- Class 3. GNETEÆ 270
- Fossil Gymnosperms 271
- DIVISION V. ANGIOSPERMÆ 273
- Class 1. MONOCOTYLEDONES 274
- Family 1. Helobieæ 278
- Class 2. DICOTYLEDONES 334
- Sub-Class 1. _Choripetalæ_ 337
- Family 1. Salicifloræ 337
- Sub-Class 2. _Sympetalæ_ 504
- Family 26. Bicornes 506
- Family 29. Tubifloræ 514
- APPENDIX 574
- INDEX 593
- CORRIGENDA.
- CLASSIFICATION OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM.
- DIVISION I.
- THALLOPHYTA.
- Class 1. =Syngeneticæ.=
- Class 2. =Dinoflagellata.=
- Class 3. =Diatomeæ.=
- Class 4. =Schizophyta, Fission-Algæ.=
- 1. SCHIZOPHYCEÆ.
- 2. BACTERIA.
- Family 1. =Schizophyceæ,[5] Blue-Green Algæ.=
- Family 2. =Bacteria.=[6]
- The following Bacteria are =Saprophytes=:--
- Class 5. =Conjugatæ.=
- The most frequent genera are:--
- Class 6. =Chlorophyceæ (Green Algæ).=
- The Class is divided into three families:--
- Family 1. =Protococcoideæ.=
- Order 3. =Chlorosphæraceæ.= _Chlorosphæra._
- Family 2. =Confervoideæ.=
- Class 7. =Characeæ.=
- The order is divided into two sub-orders:--
- Class 8. =Phæophyceæ (Olive-Brown Seaweeds).=
- The class is divided into two families:--
- 1. PHÆOSPOREÆ: 1 Sub-Family, Zoogonicæ; 2 Sub-Family, Acinetæ.
- 2. CYCLOSPOREÆ: Fucaceæ.
- Family 1. =Phæosporeæ.=
- 1. Sub-Family. =Zoogonicæ.=
- Order 6. =Dictyosiphonaceæ.= _Dictyosiphon._
- Order 8. =Myriotrichiaceæ.= _Myriotrichia._
- Order 13. =Sporochnaceæ.= _Sporochnus._
- Sub-Family 2. =Acinetæ.=
- Family 2. =Cyclosporeæ.=
- Class 9. =Dictyotales.=
- Class 10. =Rhodophyceæ (Red Seaweeds).=
- Family 1. =Bangioideæ.=
- Family 2. =Florideæ.=
- The gonimoblasts may arise in three ways:--
- The Florideæ are divided into four sub-families:--
- Order 4. =Gelidiaceæ.= _Naccaria, Gelidium._
- Order 5. =Acrotylaceæ.= _Acrotylus._
- Order 8. =Sphærococcaceæ.= _Gracilaria._
- Order 11. =Bonnemaisoniaceæ.= _Bonnemaisonia._
- Order 14. =Gloiosiphoniaceæ.= _Gloiopeltis._
- Order 15. =Grateloupiaceæ.= _Halymenia, Cryptonemia._
- Order 16. =Dumontiaceæ.= _Dumontia, Dudresnaya._
- Order 18. =Rhizophyllidaceæ.= _Polyides, Rhizophyllis._
- Sub-Division III. =FUNGI.=
- Review of the divisions of the Fungi:--
- Class I.--=Phycomycetes (Algal-Fungi).=
- Class II. =Mesomycetes.=
- Class III.--=Mycomycetes (Higher Fungi).=
- Class 1. =Phycomycetes (Algal-Fungi).=[12]
- Sub-Class I. =Zygomycetes.=
- Sub-Class 2. =Oomycetes.=
- Family 1. =Entomophthorales.=
- Family 2. =Chytridiales.=
- Family 3. =Mycosiphonales.=
- Class 2. =Mesomycetes.=
- Sub-Class 1. =Hemiasci.=
- Sub-Class 2. =Hemibasidii, Brand-Fungi.=
- Class 3. =Mycomycetes, Higher Fungi.=
- Sub-Class 1. =Ascomycetes.=
- Series 1. =Exoasci.=
- Series 2. =Carpoasci.=
- Family 1. =Gymnoascales.=
- Family 2. =Perisporiales.=
- Family 3. =Pyrenomycetes.=
- Sub-Family 1. =Hypocreales.=
- Sub-Family 2. =Sphæriales.=
- Order 5. =Ceratostomaceæ.=
- Order 7. =Lophiostomaceæ.=
- Order 11. =Massariaceæ.=
- Order 12. =Clypeosphæriaceæ.=
- Order 14. =Valsaceæ.= _Valsa._
- Order 15. =Diatrypaceæ.= _Diatrype._
- Order 16. =Melanconidaceæ.=
- Order 17. =Melogrammataceæ.=
- Sub-Family 3. =Dothideales.=
- Family 4. =Hysteriales.=
- Order 3. =Dichænaceæ.=
- Order 4. =Acrospermaceæ.=
- Family 5. =Discomycetes.=
- Sub-Family 1. =Phacidiales.=
- Order 2. =Pseudophacidiaceæ.=
- Sub-Family 2. =Stictidales.=
- Order 1. =Stictidaceæ.= _Stictis._
- Order 2. =Ostropaceæ.= _Ostropa._
- Sub-Family 3. =Tryblidiales.=
- Order 1. =Tryblidiaceæ.= _Tryblidium._
- Sub-Family 4. =Dermateales.=
- Order 1. =Cenangiaceæ.= _Cenangium._
- Order 2. =Dermateaceæ.= _Dermatea._
- Sub-Family 5. =Pezizales.=
- Family 6. =Helvellales.=
- APPENDIX TO THE ASCOMYCETES:
- Family 7. =Ascolichenes (Lichen-forming Ascomycetes).=
- The thallus of the Lichen appears mainly under three forms:--
- Sub-Class 2. =Basidiomycetes.=
- DIVISIONS OF THE BASIDIOMYCETES.
- Series I. =Protobasidiomycetes.=
- Series 2. =Autobasidiomycetes.=
- Family 1. =Dacryomycetes.=
- Family 2. =Hymenomycetes.=
- Family 3. =Phalloideæ.=
- Family 4. =Gasteromycetes.=
- APPENDIX TO THE BASIDIOMYCETES:
- APPENDIX TO THE FUNGI.
- DIVISION II.
- MUSCINEÆ (MOSSES).
- They are divided into two classes:--
- Family 1. =Marchantieæ.=
- Family 2. =Anthoceroteæ.=
- Family 3. =Jungermannieæ.=
- Class 2. =Musci frondosi or veri (True Mosses).=
- Family 1. =Sphagneæ (Bog-Mosses).=
- Family 2. =Schizocarpeæ.=
- Family 3. =Cleistocarpeæ.=
- Family 4. =Stegocarpeæ.=
- A. =Acrocarpi.=
- B. =Pleurocarpi.=
- Order 15. =Hookeriaceæ.= _Pterygophyllum._
- Order 18. =Fabroniaceæ.= _Anacamptodon._
- DIVISION III.
- PTERIDOPHYTA (VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS).
- The class is divided into two sub-classes:--
- Family 1. =Eusporangiatæ.=
- Family 2. =Leptosporangiatæ.=
- Class 2. =Equisetinæ (Horsetails.)=
- It is divided into two sub-classes:--
- 2. THE HETEROSPOROUS EQUISETINÆ. Forms which are now extinct.
- Sub-Class 1. =Isosporous Equisetinæ.=
- Order. =Equisetaceæ (Horsetails).=
- Sub-Class 2. =Heterosporous Equisetinæ.=
- The Phanerogams are separated into two Divisions as follows:--
- DIVISION IV.
- GYMNOSPERMÆ.
- Class 1. =Cycadeæ.=
- 2. It is only in _Taxus_ that bracteoles are present.
- This class may be divided into two families:--
- Family 1. =Taxoideæ.=
- Family 2. =Pinoideæ.=
- Class III. =Gneteæ.=
- DIVISION V.
- ANGIOSPERMÆ.
- Class 1. =Monocotyledones.=
- The Monocotyledons are divided into 7 Families:--
- 6. SCITAMINEÆ and
- Family 1. =Helobieæ.=
- Family 2. =Glumifloræ.=
- Family 3. =Spadicifloræ.=
- Family 4. =Enantioblastæ.=
- Family 5. =Liliifloræ.=
- Family 6. =Scitamineæ.=
- CANNACEÆ. MARANTACEÆ.
- Family 7. =Gynandræ.=
- Class II. =Dicotyledones.=
- Sub-Class 1. =Choripetalæ. Petals free.=
- Family 1. =Salicifloræ.=
- Family 2. =Casuarinifloræ.=
- Family 3. =Quercifloræ.=
- Family 4. =Juglandifloræ.=
- Family 5. =Urticifloræ.=
- Fig. 353, fruit in longitudinal section.]
- Family 6. =Polygonifloræ.=
- Family 7. =Curvembryæ.=
- Diagram of flower.]
- Family 8. =Cactifloræ.=
- Family 9. =Polycarpicæ.=
- Family 10. =Rhœadinæ.=
- 130 species; mostly from the northern temperatures.
- 1. SCHIZOPETALEÆ.
- Family 11. =Cistifloræ.=
- FIG. 425.--Seed in longitudinal section.]
- Family 12. =Gruinales.=
- Family 13. =Columniferæ.=
- The sub-orders may be arranged as follows:--
- I. Carpels in one whorl.
- Family 14. =Tricoccæ.=
- FIG. 455.--_A_ seed entire; _B_ in longitudinal section.]
- FIG. 457.--♂-flower; and FIG. 458, ♀-flower (mag.).]
- FIG. 464.--Longitudinal section of the ripe fruit.]
- Family 15. =Terebinthinæ.=
- FIG. 470.--Flowers (after the removal of the petals).]
- Family 16. =Aesculinæ.=
- FIG. 473.--Seed in longitudinal section.]
- Family 17. =Frangulinæ.=
- Family 18. =Thymelæinæ.=
- FIG. 486.--Longitudinal section through the fruit.]
- Family 19. =Saxifraginæ.=
- The following genera are allied to the Saxifragaceæ:--
- FIG. 492.--Seeds in longitudinal section.]
- Family 20. =Rosifloræ.=
- FIG. 497.--A carpel, entire, and in longitudinal section.]
- FIG. 500.--Fruit and receptacle in longitudinal section.]
- Family 21. =Leguminosæ.=
- FIG. 510.--The same in long. sect.]
- Family 22. =Passiflorinæ.=
- Family 23. =Myrtifloræ.=
- FIG. 524.--A bud (“clove”), long. sec. (mag.).]
- FIG. 527.--Flower opening.]
- Family 24. =Umbellifloræ.=
- Transverse section of fruit.]
- Transverse section of fruit.]
- Family 25. =Hysterophyta.=
- Sub-Class 2. =Sympetalæ.=
- The Sympetalæ may be separated into 2 sections:--
- The remaining families belonging to the =Tetracyclicæ= are:--
- Family 26. =Bicornes.=
- Family 27. =Diospyrinæ.=
- Family 28. =Primulinæ.=
- Family 29. =Tubifloræ.=
- Family 30. =Personatæ.=
- FIG. 561.--Longitudinal section of seed.]
- Family 31. =Nuculiferæ.=
- Family 32. =Contortæ.=
- The orders are:--
- Family 33. =Rubiales.=
- FIG. 590.--Longitudinal section of fruit (3/1).]
- Family 34. =Dipsacales.=
- FIG. 600.--The same in longitudinal section.]
- Family 35. =Campanulinæ.=
- FIG. 604.--Longitudinal section of the same.]
- Family 36. =Aggregatæ.=
- APPENDIX ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS.
- BY M. C. POTTER.
- I. Polypetalæ.
- Anomalous orders, or rather genera,--
- II. GAMOPETALÆ.
- III. MONOCHLAMYDEÆ.
- GYMNOSPERMEÆ
- MONOCOTYLEDONES.
- THALLOPHYTES.
- Class I. =Protophyta.=
- Class III. =Oosporeæ.=
- IV. DIVISION. EMBRYOPHYTA SIPHONOGAMA.
- 2 Sub-class. _Dicotyledoneæ._
- 1 Group of Series. Archichlamydeæ.
- 2 Group of Series. Sympetalæ.
- TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS.
- INDEX.
- FOOTNOTES:
- 5. Italics are shown as _xxx_.
- 6. Smaller font is shown as ~xxx~.
- 7. Bold print is shown as =xxx=.
- 8. The corrigenda have been corrected.