[1] See Angiospermæ.
[2] According to the recent investigations of Winogradsky some
micro-organisms (Nitrifying-bacteria) can build organic from inorganic
matter. Sachs’ hypothesis that the first organisms must necessarily
have contained chlorophyll is therefore untenable.
[3] Myxogasteres, Engler’s Syllabus, p. 1.
[4] Acrasieæ and Plasmodiophorales, _ibid._
[5] Myxophyceæ, Cyanophyceæ.
[6] The Bacteria are more usually included under Fungi. It seems
better, however, to place them under the Algæ in a separate class with
the Schizophyceæ.
[7] See Marshall Ward, “On the Characters or Marks employed for
Classifying the Schizomycetes,” _Annals of Botany_, 1892.
[8] According to Hansen these are not disease forms, but occur
regularly under certain conditions, _e.g._ temperature.
[9] Before fertilisation the oosphere divides and cuts off at the base
one or more cells (polar bodies?), termed “wendungszellen.”
[10] From the Greek μὐκης = Fungus, hence “mycology.”
[11] This term is adopted as a translation of the German “anlage.”
[12] Also termed Water-Fungi (Wasserpilzen).
[13] Antheridium is preferred in this sub-class as keeping a more
uniform term (Kn).
[14] In the _resupinate_ fruit-bodies a fertile and sterile
surface cannot be distinguished (_cf._ Polyporaceæ and some
_Stereum_-species).
[15] The two last genera are identical, the Algal part being a
_Scytonema_, that of _Cora_ a _Chroococcus_; while the same Fungus--a
_Thelephora_--takes part in the formation of all three (A. Möller,
Flora, 1893).
[16] Formerly termed _oophyte_.
[17] The oospore divides by a wall transverse or oblique to the longer
axis of the archegonium. From the upper (epibasal) cell, the capsule
(and seta) is derived, while the lower (hypobasal) gives rise to the
_foot_. In _Riccia_ the hypobasal half takes part in the
formation of the sporangium.
[18] In the Polypodiaceæ unisexual prothallia as distinct as those of
_Equisetum_ are of common occurrence.
[19] The position of the annulus varies in the different orders;
longitudinal in Polypodiaceæ, Hymenophyllaceæ, and Cyatheaceæ;
transverse in Schizæaceæ, Gleicheniaceæ; indistinct or apical in
Osmundaceæ, Ophioglossaceæ, Marattiaceæ, Salviniaceæ, Marsiliaceæ.
[20] The former genus _Pteris_ is divided into _Pteris_ and
_Pteridium_.
[21] Floral-leaves (hypsophyllary leaves) are here adopted as an
equivalent of the term “Hochblätter,” to signify leaves on the
floral-shoot other than foliage or sporangia-bearing leaves. The
term _bract_ is applied only to leaves in whose axil a flower
is borne, and _bracteoles_ to leaves borne on the flower-stalk
(_pedicel_).
[22] It may be here remarked that another explanation is possible,
based on the study of the development (_K_).
[23] Piperaceæ, Nymphæaceæ.
[24] “Fore-leaf” is adopted as a translation of “Vorblatt.”
[25] Regarding these and other abbreviations see the appendix in the
book.
[26] Syncarp = cluster of fruits belonging to one flower.
[27] “Fan” and “sickle” are adopted as terms for these inflorescences
from the German “_fæchel_” and “_sichel_.”
[28] [Although unbranched stems are characteristic of the Palms, yet
branched specimens are recorded from some eleven genera. The branches
are developed from lateral buds, which in many instances only develope
when the terminal bud has been destroyed. A few Palms develope axillary
branches at the base of the stem; these form rhizomes, and give rise to
clusters of aerial stems.]
[29] The aggregation of the fruits of several distinct flowers into one
mass.
[30] According to Pfitzer, the column is the prolongation of the floral
axis beyond the insertion of the perianth, and is not formed by the
coalescence of sporophylls (filament and style).
[31] _Cypripedilum_ = _Cypripedium_.
[32] _Corallorhiza_ = _Coralliorrhiza_.
[33] This is Eichler’s view.--According to Drude the perianth is
absent; at the base of the bracts, a nectary or cup-like disc. Prantl
holds the same view. According to Pax the perianth is absent, but there
is a disc cup-like, or reduced to a single toothed scale.
[34] The fruit of the Walnut is thus a false fruit; and the term drupe
must therefore not be used in the same sense as in the Rosaceæ.
[35] The pollen-tube in _Ulmus_ does not enter the ovule through
the micropyle.
[36] According to Prantl, some species of _Trollius_ (_T.
europæus_, and _asiatiacus_) have a perianth, differentiated
into calyx and corolla, which does not pass over into the honey-leaves.
The outer leaves of the perianth have frequently an incised apex, the
intermediate ones sometimes present transitional forms to the inner,
and sometimes there is a distinct boundary between them.
[37] If we suppose a spiral line drawn through the leaves
_upwards_ on a stem with scattered leaves (in the shortest way),
then the side of the leaf first touched is the catodic, or descending,
and the other the anodic, or ascending side.
[38] Those marked [+] are officinal, and when no home is stated, the
plant is a native.
[39] Those which are officinal are indicated by [+].
[40] Those marked with a [+] are officinal.
[41] For further reference see Sachs, _History of Botany_;
Lindley, _Vegetable Kingdom_; Le Maout and Decaisne, _General
System of Botany_, etc.
Transcriber’s Notes:
1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been
corrected silently.
2. Where hyphenation is in doubt, it has been retained as in the
original.
3. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have been
retained as in the original.
4. Superscripts are represented using the caret character, e.g. D^r. or
X^{xx}. Subscripts are shown as _{1}.