1. In the _Nemalionales_, branched filaments grow out from the
oosphere and form an upright, compressed or expanded tuft of
spore-forming filaments.
2. In the _Cryptonemiales_, several branched or unbranched
filaments (_ooblastema-filaments_) grow out from the oosphere,
and conjugate in various ways with the auxiliary cells. The
gonimoblasts are then formed from the single cells produced by
the conjugation.
3. In the _Gigartinales_ and _Rhodymeniales_ the oosphere
conjugates with an auxiliary cell by means of a short
ooblastema-filament, and from this auxiliary cell a gonimoblast
is produced.
The motionless _carpospores_, which sometimes in the early
stages are naked, and afterwards invested with a cell-wall, are
developed from the terminal cells (and perhaps also from some
of the other cells) of the branches of the gonimoblast. The
gonimoblasts constitute sharply defined parts of the plant in
which the carpospores arise. These parts are called _cystocarps_
and are either naked (Fig. 77 _E_), or surrounded by a covering
(pericarp or involucre, Fig. 77 _A_) formed in different
ways. On this account the Florideæ were formerly divided into
GYMNOSPOREÆ (_Batrachospermum_, _Nemalion_, _Ceramium_, etc.)
and ANGIOSPOREÆ (_Farcellaria_, _Lejolisia_, _Delesseria_,
_Melobesia_, etc.).